/*
 * Copyright (c)2019 ZeroTier, Inc.
 *
 * Use of this software is governed by the Business Source License included
 * in the LICENSE.TXT file in the project's root directory.
 *
 * Change Date: 2023-01-01
 *
 * On the date above, in accordance with the Business Source License, use
 * of this software will be governed by version 2.0 of the Apache License.
 */
/****/

#ifndef ZT_TOPOLOGY_HPP
#define ZT_TOPOLOGY_HPP

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <vector>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>
#include <set>

#include "Constants.hpp"
#include "../include/ZeroTierOne.h"

#include "Address.hpp"
#include "Identity.hpp"
#include "Peer.hpp"
#include "Path.hpp"
#include "Mutex.hpp"
#include "InetAddress.hpp"
#include "Hashtable.hpp"
#include "Locator.hpp"
#include "SharedPtr.hpp"
#include "ScopedPtr.hpp"

namespace ZeroTier {

class RuntimeEnvironment;

/**
 * Database of network topology
 */
class Topology
{
private:
	struct _RootRankingFunction
	{
		ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE _RootRankingFunction() : bestRoot(),bestRootLatency(0xffff) {}
		ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE bool operator()(const SharedPtr<Peer> &peer,const std::vector<InetAddress> &phy)
		{
		}
		SharedPtr<Peer> bestRoot;
		unsigned int bestRootLatency;
	};

public:
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE Topology(const RuntimeEnvironment *renv,const Identity &myId) :
		RR(renv),
		_myIdentity(myId),
		_numConfiguredPhysicalPaths(0) {}
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE ~Topology() {}

	/**
	 * Add a peer to database
	 *
	 * This will not replace existing peers. In that case the existing peer
	 * record is returned.
	 *
	 * @param tPtr Thread pointer to be handed through to any callbacks called as a result of this call
	 * @param peer Peer to add
	 * @return New or existing peer (should replace 'peer')
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE SharedPtr<Peer> add(const SharedPtr<Peer> &peer)
	{
		SharedPtr<Peer> np;
		{
			Mutex::Lock _l(_peers_l);
			SharedPtr<Peer> &hp = _peers[peer->address()];
			if (!hp)
				hp = peer;
			np = hp;
		}
		return np;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a peer from its address
	 *
	 * @param tPtr Thread pointer to be handed through to any callbacks called as a result of this call
	 * @param zta ZeroTier address of peer
	 * @return Peer or NULL if not found
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE SharedPtr<Peer> get(const Address &zta)
	{
		if (zta == _myIdentity.address())
			return SharedPtr<Peer>();

		Mutex::Lock l1(_peers_l);
		const SharedPtr<Peer> *const ap = _peers.get(zta);
		if (ap)
			return *ap;

#if 0
		Mutex::Lock l2(_roots_m);
		for(std::vector<Root>::const_iterator r(_roots.begin());r!=_roots.end();++r) {
			if (r->address() == zta) {
				try {
					SharedPtr<Peer> rp(new Peer(RR,_myIdentity,r->id()));
					_peers[zta] = rp;
					return rp;
				} catch ( ... ) {}
			}
		}
#endif

		return SharedPtr<Peer>();
	}

	/**
	 * @param tPtr Thread pointer to be handed through to any callbacks called as a result of this call
	 * @param zta ZeroTier address of peer
	 * @return Identity or NULL identity if not found
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE Identity getIdentity(void *tPtr,const Address &zta)
	{
		if (zta == _myIdentity.address()) {
			return _myIdentity;
		} else {
			Mutex::Lock _l(_peers_l);
			const SharedPtr<Peer> *const ap = _peers.get(zta);
			if (ap)
				return (*ap)->identity();
		}
		return Identity();
	}

	/**
	 * Get a Path object for a given local and remote physical address, creating if needed
	 *
	 * @param l Local socket
	 * @param r Remote address
	 * @return Pointer to canonicalized Path object
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE SharedPtr<Path> getPath(const int64_t l,const InetAddress &r)
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l(_paths_l);
		SharedPtr<Path> &p = _paths[Path::HashKey(l,r)];
		if (!p)
			p.set(new Path(l,r));
		return p;
	}

	/**
	 * @param id Identity to check
	 * @return True if this identity corresponds to a root
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE bool isRoot(const Identity &id) const
	{
#if 0
		Mutex::Lock l(_roots_m);
		for(std::vector<Root>::const_iterator r(_roots.begin());r!=_roots.end();++r) {
			if (r->is(id))
				return true;
		}
#endif
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Do periodic tasks such as database cleanup
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE void doPeriodicTasks(int64_t now)
	{
		{
			Mutex::Lock _l1(_peers_l);
			Hashtable< Address,SharedPtr<Peer> >::Iterator i(_peers);
			Address *a = (Address *)0;
			SharedPtr<Peer> *p = (SharedPtr<Peer> *)0;
			while (i.next(a,p)) {
				if (!(*p)->alive(now)) {
					_peers.erase(*a);
				}
			}
		}
		{
			Mutex::Lock _l(_paths_l);
			Hashtable< Path::HashKey,SharedPtr<Path> >::Iterator i(_paths);
			Path::HashKey *k = (Path::HashKey *)0;
			SharedPtr<Path> *p = (SharedPtr<Path> *)0;
			while (i.next(k,p)) {
				if (p->references() <= 1)
					_paths.erase(*k);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param now Current time
	 * @return Number of peers with active direct paths
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE unsigned long countActive(int64_t now) const
	{
		unsigned long cnt = 0;
		Mutex::Lock _l(_peers_l);
		Hashtable< Address,SharedPtr<Peer> >::Iterator i(const_cast<Topology *>(this)->_peers);
		Address *a = (Address *)0;
		SharedPtr<Peer> *p = (SharedPtr<Peer> *)0;
		while (i.next(a,p)) {
			const SharedPtr<Path> pp((*p)->getAppropriatePath(now,false));
			if (pp)
				++cnt;
		}
		return cnt;
	}

	/**
	 * Apply a function or function object to all peers
	 *
	 * This locks the peer map during execution, so calls to get() etc. during
	 * eachPeer() will deadlock.
	 *
	 * @param f Function to apply
	 * @tparam F Function or function object type
	 */
	template<typename F>
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE void eachPeer(F f)
	{
		Mutex::Lock l(_peers_l);
		Hashtable< Address,SharedPtr<Peer> >::Iterator i(_peers);
		Address *a = (Address *)0;
		SharedPtr<Peer> *p = (SharedPtr<Peer> *)0;
		while (i.next(a,p)) {
			f(*((const SharedPtr<Peer> *)p));
		}
	}

#if 0
	/**
	 * Apply a function or function object to all roots
	 *
	 * This locks the root list during execution but other operations
	 * are fine.
	 *
	 * @param f Function to apply
	 * @tparam F function or function object type
	 */
	template<typename F>
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE void eachRoot(F f)
	{
		Mutex::Lock l(_roots_m);
		SharedPtr<Peer> rp;
		for(std::vector<Root>::const_iterator i(_roots.begin());i!=_roots.end();++i) {
			{
				Mutex::Lock l2(_peers_l);
				const SharedPtr<Peer> *const ap = _peers.get(i->address());
				if (ap) {
					rp = *ap;
				} else {
					rp.set(new Peer(RR,_myIdentity,i->id()));
					_peers.set(rp->address(),rp);
				}
			}
			f(*i,rp);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get the best root, rescanning and re-ranking roots periodically
	 *
	 * @param now Current time
	 * @return Best/fastest currently connected root or NULL if none
	 */
	inline SharedPtr<Peer> root(const int64_t now)
	{
		Mutex::Lock l(_bestRoot_m);
		if ((!_bestRoot)||((now - _lastRankedBestRoot) >= ZT_FIND_BEST_ROOT_PERIOD)) {
			_bestRoot.zero();
			Mutex::Lock l2(_roots_m);
			SharedPtr<Peer> rp;
			long bestQuality = 2147483647;
			for(std::vector<Root>::const_iterator i(_roots.begin());i!=_roots.end();++i) {
				{
					Mutex::Lock l2(_peers_l);
					const SharedPtr<Peer> *const ap = _peers.get(i->address());
					if (ap) {
						rp = *ap;
					} else {
						rp.set(new Peer(RR,_myIdentity,i->id()));
						_peers.set(rp->address(),rp);
					}
				}
				SharedPtr<Path> path(rp->getAppropriatePath(now,false));
				if (path) {
					const long pq = path->quality(now);
					if (pq < bestQuality) {
						bestQuality = pq;
						_bestRoot = rp;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return _bestRoot;
	}
#endif

	/**
	 * Apply a function or function object to all roots
	 *
	 * This locks the root list during execution but other operations
	 * are fine.
	 *
	 * @param f Function to apply f(peer,IPs)
	 * @tparam F function or function object type
	 */
	template<typename F>
	inline void eachRoot(F f)
	{
		{
			Mutex::Lock l(_staticRoots_l);
			Hashtable< Identity,std::vector<InetAddress> >::Iterator i(_staticRoots);
			Identity *k = (Identity *)0;
			std::vector<InetAddress> *v = (std::vector<InetAddress> *)0;
			while (i.next(k,v)) {
				if (!v->empty()) {
					const SharedPtr<Peer> *ap;
					{
						Mutex::Lock l2(_peers_l);
						ap = _peers.get(k->address());
					}
					if (ap) {
						if (!f(*ap,*v))
							return;
					} else {
						SharedPtr<Peer> p(new Peer(RR,_myIdentity,*k));
						{
							Mutex::Lock l2(_peers_l);
							_peers.set(k->address(),p);
						}
						if (!f(p,*v))
							return;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		{
			Mutex::Lock l(_dynamicRoots_l);
			Hashtable< Str,Locator >::Iterator i(_dynamicRoots);
			Str *k = (Str *)0;
			Locator *v = (Locator *)0;
			while (i.next(k,v)) {
				if (*v) {
					for(std::vector<Identity>::const_iterator id(v->virt().begin());id!=v->virt().end();++id) {
						const SharedPtr<Peer> *ap;
						{
							Mutex::Lock l2(_peers_l);
							ap = _peers.get(id->address());
						}
						if (ap) {
							if (!f(*ap,v->phy()))
								return;
						} else {
							SharedPtr<Peer> p(new Peer(RR,_myIdentity,*id));
							{
								Mutex::Lock l2(_peers_l);
								_peers.set(id->address(),p);
							}
							if (!f(p,v->phy()))
								return;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	inline SharedPtr<Peer> root(const int64_t now)
	{
		_RootRankingFunction rrf;
		eachRoot(rrf);
	}

	/**
	 * @return Names of dynamic roots currently known by the system
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE std::vector<Str> dynamicRootNames() const
	{
		Mutex::Lock l(_dynamicRoots_l);
		return _dynamicRoots.keys();
	}

	/**
	 * Set or update a static root entry
	 *
	 * @param id Static root's identity
	 * @param addrs Static root's IP address(es)
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE void setStaticRoot(const Identity &id,const std::vector<InetAddress> &addrs)
	{
		Mutex::Lock l(_staticRoots_l);
		_staticRoots[id] = addrs;
	}

	/**
	 * Set or update dynamic root if new locator is newer and valid
	 *
	 * This checks internal validity of the new locator including its internal self-signature.
	 * It does not check any DNS signatures.
	 *
	 * @param dnsName DNS name used to retrive root
	 * @param latestLocator Latest locator
	 * @return True if latest locator is internally valid and newer
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE bool setDynamicRoot(const Str &dnsName,const Locator &latestLocator)
	{
		Mutex::Lock l(_dynamicRoots_l);
		Locator &ll = _dynamicRoots[dnsName];
		if (ll.timestamp() < latestLocator.timestamp()) {
			ll = latestLocator;
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the best relay to a given address, which may or may not be a root
	 *
	 * @param now Current time
	 * @param toAddr Destination address
	 * @return Best current relay or NULL if none
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE SharedPtr<Peer> findRelayTo(const int64_t now,const Address &toAddr)
	{
		// TODO: in the future this will check 'mesh-like' relays and if enabled consult LF for other roots (for if this is a root)
		//return root(now);
	}

	/**
	 * @param allPeers vector to fill with all current peers
	 */
	inline void getAllPeers(std::vector< SharedPtr<Peer> > &allPeers) const
	{
		Mutex::Lock l(_peers_l);
		allPeers.clear();
		allPeers.reserve(_peers.size());
		Hashtable< Address,SharedPtr<Peer> >::Iterator i(*(const_cast<Hashtable< Address,SharedPtr<Peer> > *>(&_peers)));
		Address *a = (Address *)0;
		SharedPtr<Peer> *p = (SharedPtr<Peer> *)0;
		while (i.next(a,p)) {
			allPeers.push_back(*p);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get info about a path
	 *
	 * The supplied result variables are not modified if no special config info is found.
	 *
	 * @param physicalAddress Physical endpoint address
	 * @param mtu Variable set to MTU
	 * @param trustedPathId Variable set to trusted path ID
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE void getOutboundPathInfo(const InetAddress &physicalAddress,unsigned int &mtu,uint64_t &trustedPathId)
	{
		for(unsigned int i=0,j=_numConfiguredPhysicalPaths;i<j;++i) {
			if (_physicalPathConfig[i].first.containsAddress(physicalAddress)) {
				trustedPathId = _physicalPathConfig[i].second.trustedPathId;
				mtu = _physicalPathConfig[i].second.mtu;
				return;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get the payload MTU for an outbound physical path (returns default if not configured)
	 *
	 * @param physicalAddress Physical endpoint address
	 * @return MTU
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE unsigned int getOutboundPathMtu(const InetAddress &physicalAddress)
	{
		for(unsigned int i=0,j=_numConfiguredPhysicalPaths;i<j;++i) {
			if (_physicalPathConfig[i].first.containsAddress(physicalAddress))
				return _physicalPathConfig[i].second.mtu;
		}
		return ZT_DEFAULT_PHYSMTU;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the outbound trusted path ID for a physical address, or 0 if none
	 *
	 * @param physicalAddress Physical address to which we are sending the packet
	 * @return Trusted path ID or 0 if none (0 is not a valid trusted path ID)
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE uint64_t getOutboundPathTrust(const InetAddress &physicalAddress)
	{
		for(unsigned int i=0,j=_numConfiguredPhysicalPaths;i<j;++i) {
			if (_physicalPathConfig[i].first.containsAddress(physicalAddress))
				return _physicalPathConfig[i].second.trustedPathId;
		}
		return 0;
	}

	/**
	 * Check whether in incoming trusted path marked packet is valid
	 *
	 * @param physicalAddress Originating physical address
	 * @param trustedPathId Trusted path ID from packet (from MAC field)
	 */
	ZT_ALWAYS_INLINE bool shouldInboundPathBeTrusted(const InetAddress &physicalAddress,const uint64_t trustedPathId)
	{
		for(unsigned int i=0,j=_numConfiguredPhysicalPaths;i<j;++i) {
			if ((_physicalPathConfig[i].second.trustedPathId == trustedPathId)&&(_physicalPathConfig[i].first.containsAddress(physicalAddress)))
				return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Set or clear physical path configuration (called via Node::setPhysicalPathConfiguration)
	 */
	inline void setPhysicalPathConfiguration(const struct sockaddr_storage *pathNetwork,const ZT_PhysicalPathConfiguration *pathConfig)
	{
		if (!pathNetwork) {
			_numConfiguredPhysicalPaths = 0;
		} else {
			std::map<InetAddress,ZT_PhysicalPathConfiguration> cpaths;
			for(unsigned int i=0,j=_numConfiguredPhysicalPaths;i<j;++i)
				cpaths[_physicalPathConfig[i].first] = _physicalPathConfig[i].second;

			if (pathConfig) {
				ZT_PhysicalPathConfiguration pc(*pathConfig);

				if (pc.mtu <= 0)
					pc.mtu = ZT_DEFAULT_PHYSMTU;
				else if (pc.mtu < ZT_MIN_PHYSMTU)
					pc.mtu = ZT_MIN_PHYSMTU;
				else if (pc.mtu > ZT_MAX_PHYSMTU)
					pc.mtu = ZT_MAX_PHYSMTU;

				cpaths[*(reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress *>(pathNetwork))] = pc;
			} else {
				cpaths.erase(*(reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress *>(pathNetwork)));
			}

			unsigned int cnt = 0;
			for(std::map<InetAddress,ZT_PhysicalPathConfiguration>::const_iterator i(cpaths.begin());((i!=cpaths.end())&&(cnt<ZT_MAX_CONFIGURABLE_PATHS));++i) {
				_physicalPathConfig[cnt].first = i->first;
				_physicalPathConfig[cnt].second = i->second;
				++cnt;
			}
			_numConfiguredPhysicalPaths = cnt;
		}
	}

private:
	const RuntimeEnvironment *const RR;
	const Identity _myIdentity;

	std::pair<InetAddress,ZT_PhysicalPathConfiguration> _physicalPathConfig[ZT_MAX_CONFIGURABLE_PATHS];
	unsigned int _numConfiguredPhysicalPaths;

	Hashtable< Address,SharedPtr<Peer> > _peers;
	Hashtable< Path::HashKey,SharedPtr<Path> > _paths;

	Hashtable< Identity,std::vector<InetAddress> > _staticRoots;
	Hashtable< Str,Locator > _dynamicRoots;

	Mutex _peers_l;
	Mutex _paths_l;
	Mutex _staticRoots_l;
	Mutex _dynamicRoots_l;
};

} // namespace ZeroTier

#endif