manual: use consistent terminology

The ksh manual page is one of the few places that calls globbing
"file name generation". The mksh and zsh manuals use the same term.
But every other shell's manual calls it "pathname expansion": bash,
dash, yash, FreeBSD sh. So does ksh's built-in documentation (alias
--man, export --man, readonly --man, set --man, typeset --man).
What's more, the authoritative ksh reference, Bolsky & Korn's 1995
"The New Kornshell" book, also calls it "pathname expansion", and
so does the POSIX standard.

Similarly, "arithmetic substitution" should be called "arithmetic
expansion" per Bolsky & Korn as well as POSIX.

This commit has several other miscellaneous documentation tweaks as
well.

src/cmd/ksh93/COMPATIBILITY

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ For more details, see the NEWS file and for complete details, see the git log.
 1.	Bytecode compiled by shcomp 93u+m will not run on older ksh versions.
 	(However, bytecode compiled by older shcomp will run on ksh 93u+m.)
 
-2.	File name generation (a.k.a. pathname expansion, a.k.a. globbing) now
+2.	Pathname expansion (a.k.a. filename generation, a.k.a. globbing) now
 	never matches the special navigational names '.' (current directory)
 	and '..' (parent directory). This change makes a pattern like .*
 	useful; it now matches all hidden 'dotfiles' in the current directory.

src/cmd/ksh93/DESIGN

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ sh directory:
 	5.	deparse.c contains code to generate shell script from
 		a parse tree.
 	6.	expand.c contains code for file name expansion and
-		file name generation.
+		pathname expansion.
 	7.	fault.c contains code for signal processing, trap
 		handling and termination.
 	8.	fcin.c contains code for reading and writing a character

src/cmd/ksh93/PROMO.mm

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ way scripts are.
 Substring Capabilities:  KSH-93 allows you to create a
 substring of any given string either by specifying the starting
 offset and length, or by stripping off leading
-or trailing substrings during parameter substitution.
+or trailing substrings during parameter expansion.
 You can also specify attributes, such as upper and lower case,
 field width, and justification to shell variables.
 .LI
@@ -137,5 +137,5 @@ be embedded into an application to allow scripting.
 Documentation for KSH-93 consists of an "Introduction to KSH-93",
 "Compatibility with the Bourne Shell" and a manual page and a
 README file.  In addition, the "New KornShell Command and Programming
-Language," book is available from Prentice Hall.
+Language" book is available from Prentice Hall.
 

src/cmd/ksh93/README

@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ The options have the following defaults and meanings:
                      the job pid and $? is set to the job exit status at the
                      beginning of the trap.
 
-    BRACEPAT     on  C-shell type abc{d,e}f style file generation
+    BRACEPAT     on  Brace expansion. Expands abc{d,e}f to abcdf abcef.
+                     This feature was inspired by the C shell.
 
     CMDLIB_HDR   "<cmdlist.h>"
                      The header in which you can provide a custom list of
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ The options have the following defaults and meanings:
                      fixed-size arrays NAME[N1][N2]... are also supported.
 
     GLOBCASEDET      Adds the 'globcasedetect' shell option. When this shell
-                     option is turned on, file name generation (globbing)
+                     option is turned on, pathname expansion (globbing)
                      and file name listing and completion automatically become
                      case-insensitive on file systems where the difference
                      between upper- and lowercase is ignored for file names.
@@ -95,8 +96,15 @@ The options have the following defaults and meanings:
     MULTIBYTE    on  Multibyte character handling.  Requires mblen() and
                      mbctowc().
 
-    NAMESPACE    on  Allows namespaces.  This is experimental, incomplete
+    NAMESPACE    on  Adds a 'namespace' reserved word that allows defining name
-                     and undocumented.
+                     spaces. Variables and functions defined within a block like
+                        namespace ExampleSpace { commandlist; }
+                     all have their names automatically prefixed with
+                     '.ExampleSpace.' when defining or using them, creating a
+                     separate space of names unique to the block. Outside of
+                     the namespace block, they can be accessed using
+                     .ExampleSpace.function or ${.ExampleSpace.variable}.
+                     Name spaces within name spaces are also supported.
 
     NOECHOE      off Disable the '-e' option to the 'echo' command,
                      unless SHOPT_ECHOPRINT is enabled.

src/cmd/ksh93/data/testops.c

@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ const char sh_opttest[] =
 "[+DESCRIPTION?\btest\b evaluates expressions and returns its result using the "
 	"exit status. Option parsing is not performed; all arguments, "
 	"including \b--\b, are processed as operands. It is essential to quote "
-	"expression arguments to suppress empty removal, field splitting, file "
+	"expression arguments to suppress empty removal, field splitting, "
-	"name generation, and constructs such as redirection. If the command "
+	"pathname expansion, and constructs such as redirection. If the command "
 	"is invoked as \b[\b, a final \b]]\b argument is required and "
 	"discarded. The evaluation of the expression depends on the number of "
 	"operands, as follows:]"

src/cmd/ksh93/sh.1

@@ -416,8 +416,8 @@ that matches
 .IR word .
 The form of the patterns is
 the same as that used for
-file name generation (see
+pathname expansion (see
-.I "File Name Generation\^"
+.I "Pathname Expansion\^"
 below).
 The
 .B ;;
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ value is not unset and the new values are appended to the
 current ones provided that the types are compatible.
 .PP
 The right hand side of a variable assignment undergoes all the expansion
-listed below except word splitting, brace expansion, and file name generation.
+listed below except word splitting, brace expansion, and pathname expansion.
 When the left hand side is an assignment is a compound variable and
 the right hand is the name of a compound variable, the compound variable
 on the right will be copied or appended to the compound variable on the left.
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ side effects are possible.
 For the second form, the final
 .B }
 will be recognized as a reserved word after any token.
-.SS Arithmetic Substitution.
+.SS Arithmetic Expansion.
 An arithmetic expression enclosed in double
 parentheses preceded by a dollar sign (
 .B $((\|))
@@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@ will be turned on.
 .SM
 .B ENV
 If this variable is set, then
-parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic substitution
+parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion
 are performed on
 the value to generate
 the pathname of the script that will be
@@ -1966,7 +1966,7 @@ The first character of the
 variable is used to separate arguments for the
 .B
 "$*"
-substitution (see
+expansion (see
 .I Quoting
 below).
 Each single occurrence of
@@ -2037,7 +2037,7 @@ collation information.
 This variable determines the locale category for character
 handling functions.
 It determines the character classes for pattern matching (see
-.I "File Name Generation\^"
+.I "Pathname Expansion\^"
 below).
 .TP
 .B
@@ -2099,7 +2099,7 @@ Each file name can be followed by a
 .B ?
 and a message that will be printed.
 The message will undergo parameter expansion, command substitution,
-and arithmetic substitution
+and arithmetic expansion
 with the variable
 .B $_
 defined as the name of the file that has changed.
@@ -2125,7 +2125,7 @@ if executing under
 Every time a new command line is started on an interactive shell,
 the value of this variable is expanded to resolve
 backslash escaping, parameter expansion, command substitution,
-and arithmetic substitution.
+and arithmetic expansion.
 The result defines the primary prompt string for that command line.
 The default is
 .RB `` "$ \|\|\|" ''.
@@ -2164,7 +2164,7 @@ loop, by default
 .SM
 .B PS4
 The value of this variable is expanded for parameter evaluation,
-command substitution, and arithmetic substitution
+command substitution, and arithmetic expansion
 and precedes each line of an execution trace.
 By default,
 .SM
@@ -2450,7 +2450,9 @@ expands to the 8 fields,
 .B z04bx
 and
 .BR z04cx .
-.SS File Name Generation.
+.SS Pathname Expansion.
+This is also known as \f2globbing\fP
+or sometimes \f2filename generation\fP.
 Following splitting, each field is scanned for the characters
 .BR * ,
 .BR ? ,
@@ -2761,7 +2763,7 @@ This is the default.
 .TP
 .B N
 This is ignored.  However, when it is the first letter and is
-used with file name generation, and no matches occur,
+used with pathname expansion, and no matches occur,
 the file pattern expands to the empty string.
 .TP
 .B X
@@ -2911,13 +2913,17 @@ The recognition of function names or built-in command names listed below
 cannot be altered by quoting them.
 .SS Arithmetic Evaluation.
 The shell performs arithmetic evaluation for
-arithmetic substitution, to evaluate an arithmetic command,
+arithmetic expansion, to evaluate an arithmetic command,
 to evaluate an indexed array subscript,
 and to evaluate arguments to
 the built-in commands
 .B shift\^
 and
-.BR let .
+.B let\^
+as well as arguments to numeric format specifiers given to
+.B "print -f"\^
+and
+.BR printf .
 Evaluations are performed using
 double precision floating point
 arithmetic or long double precision floating point for
@@ -3059,7 +3065,7 @@ the shell prompts with the value of
 .SM
 .B PS1
 after expanding it for parameter expansion, command substitution, and
-arithmetic substitution,
+arithmetic expansion,
 before reading a command.
 In addition, each single
 .B !
@@ -3081,7 +3087,7 @@ is used with the
 .B [[
 compound command to test attributes of files and to compare
 strings.
-Field splitting and file name generation are
+Field splitting and pathname expansion are
 not performed on the words between
 .B [[
 and
@@ -3401,12 +3407,12 @@ and are
 .I not\^
 passed on to the invoked command.
 Command substitution, parameter expansion,
-and arithmetic substitution occur before
+and arithmetic expansion occur before
 .I word\^
 or
 .I digit\^
 is used except as noted below.
-File name generation
+Pathname expansion
 occurs only if the shell is interactive and
 the pattern matches a single file.
 Field splitting is not performed.
@@ -3497,8 +3503,8 @@ The shell input is read up to a line that is the same as
 .IR word
 after any quoting has been removed,
 or to an end-of-file.
-No parameter substitution, command substitution, arithmetic substitution or
+No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion or
-file name generation is performed on
+pathname expansion is performed on
 .IR word .
 The resulting document,
 called a
@@ -3510,7 +3516,7 @@ If any character of
 is quoted, then no interpretation
 is placed upon the characters of the document;
 otherwise, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
-substitution occur,
+expansion occur,
 .B \enew-line
 is ignored,
 and
@@ -3541,7 +3547,7 @@ purposes of determining the indentation.
 A short form of here document in which \f2word\fP becomes the
 contents of the here-document after any
 parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
-substitution occur.
+expansion occur.
 .TP
 .BI <& digit
 The standard input is duplicated from file descriptor
@@ -4211,7 +4217,7 @@ the
 .B trap
 built-in command below).
 .SS Execution.
-Each time a command is read, the above substitutions
+Each time a command is read, the above expansions and substitutions
 are carried out.
 If the command name matches one
 of the
@@ -4984,7 +4990,7 @@ Same as
 .PP
 .TP 10
 .B M-*
-Attempt file name generation on the current word.
+Attempt pathname expansion on the current word.
 An asterisk is appended if the word doesn't match any file
 or contain any special
 pattern characters.
@@ -5443,7 +5449,7 @@ is omitted.
 .B *
 Causes an
 .B *
-to be appended to the current word and file name generation attempted.
+to be appended to the current word and pathname expansion attempted.
 If no match is found,
 it rings the bell.
 Otherwise, the word is replaced
@@ -5604,7 +5610,7 @@ This means that tilde expansion is performed after the
 .B =
 sign, array assignments of the form
 \f2varname\^\fP\f3=(\fP\f2assign_list\^\fP\f3)\fP
-are supported, and field splitting and file name generation are not
+are supported, and field splitting and pathname expansion are not
 performed.
 .PD
 .TP
@@ -7006,11 +7012,11 @@ Requires
 to truncate a file when turned on.
 .TP 8
 .B \-G
-Enables recursive file name generation.
+Enables recursive pathname expansion.
 This adds the double-star pattern
 .B **
-to the file generation mechanism (see
+to the pathname expansion (see
-.I "File Name Generation\^"
+.I "Pathname Expansion\^"
 above).
 By itself, it matches the recursive contents of the current directory,
 which is to say, all files and directories in the current directory
@@ -7035,7 +7041,7 @@ itself and the recursive contents of
 Symbolic links to non-directories are not followed.
 Symbolic links to directories are followed if they are specified literally
 or match a pattern as described under
-.IR "File Name Generation\^" ,
+.IR "Pathname Expansion\^" ,
 but not if they result from a double-star pattern.
 .TP 8
 .B \-H
@@ -7071,7 +7077,7 @@ and exit.
 This mode is disabled while reading profiles.
 .TP 8
 .B \-f
-Disables file name generation.
+Disables pathname expansion.
 .TP 8
 .B \-h
 Each command
@@ -7134,7 +7140,7 @@ Same as
 .TP 8
 .B globcasedetect
 When this option is turned on, globbing (see
-.I "File Name Generation\^"
+.I "Pathname Expansion\^"
 above) and
 file name listing and completion (see
 .I "In-line Editing Options\^"
@@ -7179,7 +7185,7 @@ command allows octal numbers starting with
 On by default if ksh is invoked as \fBsh\fR or \fBrsh\fR.
 .TP 8
 .B markdirs
-All directory names resulting from file name generation have a trailing
+All directory names resulting from pathname expansion have a trailing
 .B /
 appended.
 .TP 8
@@ -7470,7 +7476,7 @@ not available. Instead, the \f3-a\fP and \f3-o\fP binary operators can be
 used, but they are fraught with pitfalls due to grammatical ambiguities and
 therefore deprecated in favor of invoking separate \f3test\fP commands. Most
 importantly, as \f3test\fP and \f3[\fP are simple regular commands, field
-splitting and file name generation \f2are\fP performed on all their
+splitting and pathname expansion \f2are\fP performed on all their
 arguments and all aspects of regular shell grammar (such as redirection)
 remain active. This is usually harmful, so care must be taken to quote
 arguments and expansions to avoid this. To avoid the many pitfalls
@@ -8333,7 +8339,7 @@ the file named by
 .B ENV
 if the file exists, its name being determined by
 performing parameter expansion, command substitution,
-and arithmetic substitution on
+and arithmetic expansion on
 the value of that environment variable.
 If the
 .B \-s