Add more regression tests, mostly from ksh93v- and ksh2020 (#216)

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/arrays.sh,
src/cmd/ksh93/tests/arrays2.sh:
- Backport some regression tests from ksh93v- for associative
  arrays.

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/basic.sh:
- Add ksh93v- regression tests for background process output in
  backtick and shared-state command substitutions as well as
  functions used in command substitutions.

- Add regression tests for using EXIT traps in subshells. In
  ksh93v- and ksh2020 EXIT traps don't work in forked subshells:
  https://github.com/att/ast/issues/1452
- The trap builtin shouldn't segfault after receiving an invalid
  signal name. ksh2020 regression:
  https://github.com/att/ast/issues/1403
- Add a test to make sure invalid flags don't crash ksh.
  ksh2020 regression: https://github.com/att/ast/issues/1284
- Test for an illegal seek error when using the 'join' command with
  process substitutions. ksh93v- regression:
  https://www.mail-archive.com/ast-users@lists.research.att.com/msg00816.html

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/bracket.sh:
- Add some regression tests from ksh93v- for the -eq test operator.

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/builtins.sh:
- Move the regression test for 'exit' in an interactive shell to
  the exit.sh script.
- Test for assignments preceding the command builtin persisting
  after an error. ksh2020 regression:
  https://github.com/att/ast/issues/1402
- The chmod builtin should modify the permissions of all files
  passed to it. ksh2020 regression:
  https://github.com/att/ast/issues/949
- Add regression tests for the cd builtin. In ksh93v- 2013-10-10
  alpha, using cd on a directory without an execute bit doesn't
  cause an error. The test for using cd on a normal file was
  backported from ksh93v-.
- Backport a ksh93v- regression test for the exit status
  from 'kill %'.

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/case.sh:
- Test for a segfault when ksh handles an invalid character class
  in a pattern. ksh2020 regression:
  https://github.com/att/ast/issues/1409

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/exit.sh:
- Add regression tests from ksh2020 for the 'exit' builtin:
  d9491d46

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/io.sh:
- Add a regression test from ksh93v- for a process substitution
  hang. This test fails in the 93v- 2013 alpha but succeeds in
  the 2014 beta.

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/math.sh:
- 'typeset -s foo=30000' adds garbage to $foo in ksh93u+, ksh93v-
  and ksh2020:
  $ typeset -s foo=30000
  $ echo $foo
  5#1430000
  This bug was fixed in commit 88a6baa1, but that commit didn't
  add a regression test for it.

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/variables.sh:
- Add a regression test for $PS4 incorrectly unsetting
  ${.sh.subshell}: https://github.com/att/ast/issues/1092

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/exit.sh

@@ -76,4 +76,65 @@ cd /
 cd ~- || err_exit "cd back failed"
 $SHELL -c 'builtin -f cmd getconf; getconf --"?-version"; exit 0' >/dev/null 2>&1 || err_exit 'ksh plugin exit failed -- was ksh built with CCFLAGS+=$(CC.EXPORT.DYNAMIC)?'
 
+# ======
+# Verify the 'exit' command behaves as expected
+
+got=$($SHELL -c 'exit' 2>&1)
+status=$?
+exp=0
+[[ -z $got ]] || err_exit 'bare exit' \
+	"(got $(printf %q "$got"))"
+[[ $exp == $status ]] || err_exit 'bare exit' \
+	"(expected '$exp', got '$status')"
+
+got=$($SHELL -c 'exit 0' 2>&1)
+status=$?
+exp=0
+[[ -z $got ]] || err_exit 'exit 0' \
+	"(got $(printf %q "$got"))"
+[[ $exp == $status ]] || err_exit 'exit 0' \
+	"(expected '$exp', got '$status')"
+
+got=$($SHELL -c 'exit 1' 2>&1)
+status=$?
+exp=1
+[[ -z $got ]] || err_exit 'exit 1' \
+	"(got $(printf %q "$got"))"
+[[ $exp == $status ]] || err_exit 'exit 1' \
+	"(expected '$exp', got '$status')"
+
+got=$($SHELL -c 'function e37 { return 37; } ; e37' 2>&1)
+status=$?
+exp=37
+[[ -z $got ]] || err_exit 'exit 37' \
+	"(got $(printf %q "$got"))"
+[[ $exp == $status ]] || err_exit 'exit 37' \
+	"(expected '$exp', got '$status')"
+
+got=$($SHELL -c 'exit -1' 2>&1)
+status=$?
+exp=255
+[[ -z $got ]] || err_exit 'exit -1' \
+	"(got $(printf %q "$got"))"
+[[ $exp == $status ]] || err_exit 'exit -1' \
+	"(expected '$exp', got '$status')"
+
+got=$($SHELL -c 'exit -2' 2>&1)
+status=$?
+exp=254
+[[ -z $got ]] || err_exit 'exit -2' \
+	"(got $(printf %q "$got"))"
+[[ $exp == $status ]] || err_exit 'exit -2' \
+	"(expected '$exp', got '$status')"
+
+$SHELL +E -i 2>/dev/null <<- \!
+	false
+	exit
+!
+status=$?
+exp=1
+[[ $exp == $status ]] || err_exit 'bare exit after false' \
+	"(expected '$exp', got '$status')"
+
+# ======
 exit $((Errors<125?Errors:125))