Add ${.sh.pid} as an alternative to $BASHPID (#109)

This variable is like Bash's $BASHPID, but in virtual subshells
it will retain its previous value as virtual subshells don't fork.
Both $BASHPID and ${.sh.pid} are different from $$ as the latter
is only set to the parent shell's process ID (i.e. it isn't set
to the process ID of the current subshell).

src/cmd/ksh93/include/defs.h:
- Add 'current_pid' for storing the current process ID at a valid
  memory address.
- Change 'ppid' from 'int32_t' to 'pid_t', as the return value from
  'getppid' is of the 'pid_t' data type.

src/cmd/ksh93/data/variables.c,
src/cmd/ksh93/include/variables.h,
src/cmd/ksh93/sh/init.c,
src/cmd/ksh93/sh/xec.c:
 - Add the ${.sh.pid} variable as an alternative to $BASHPID.
   The process ID is stored in a struct before ${.sh.pid} is set
   as environment variables are pointers that must point to a
   valid memory address. ${.sh.pid} is updated by the _sh_fork()
   function, which is called when ksh forks a new process with
   sh_fork() or sh_ntfork().

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/variables.sh:
- Add ${.sh.pid} to the list of special variables and add three
  regression tests for ${.sh.pid}.

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/subshell.sh:
- Update the PATH forking regression test to use ${.sh.pid} and
  remove the TODO note.

NEWS

@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@ Any uppercase BUG_* names are modernish shell bug IDs.
 - Fixed a crash that occurred intermittently if 'set -b'/'set -o notify' is
   active and $PS1 contains a command substitution running an external command.
 
+- Added the '${.sh.pid}' variable as an alternative to Bash's '$BASHPID'.
+  This variable is set to the current shell's PID, unlike '$$' (which is
+  set to the parent shell's PID). In virtual subshells '${.sh.pid}' is not
+  changed from its previous value, while in forked subshells '${.sh.pid}'
+  is set to the subshell's process ID.
+
 2020-08-05:
 
 - Fixed a bug in functions that caused ksh to crash when an array with an