diff --git a/src/cmd/ksh93/DESIGN b/src/cmd/ksh93/DESIGN
index 32aecbadd..21c6b01a5 100644
--- a/src/cmd/ksh93/DESIGN
+++ b/src/cmd/ksh93/DESIGN
@@ -106,8 +106,7 @@ sh directory:
 	3.	array.c contains the code for indexed and associative
 		arrays.
 	4.	defs.c contains the data definitions for global symbols.
-	5.	deparse.c contains code to generate shell script from
-		a parse tree.
+	5.	(removed)
 	6.	expand.c contains code for file name expansion and
 		pathname expansion.
 	7.	fault.c contains code for signal processing, trap
diff --git a/src/cmd/ksh93/Mamfile b/src/cmd/ksh93/Mamfile
index b39a86174..614fa75a4 100644
--- a/src/cmd/ksh93/Mamfile
+++ b/src/cmd/ksh93/Mamfile
@@ -322,17 +322,6 @@ make install
 				prev SHOPT.sh
 				exec - ${CC} ${mam_cc_FLAGS} ${KSH_RELFLAGS} ${KSH_SHOPTFLAGS} ${CCFLAGS} -I. -Iinclude -I${PACKAGE_ast_INCLUDE} -D_PACKAGE_ast -D_API_ast=20100309 -DERROR_CONTEXT_T=Error_context_t -c bltins/cflow.c
 			done cflow.o generated
-			make deparse.o
-				make sh/deparse.c
-					prev include/test.h implicit
-					prev include/shnodes.h implicit
-					prev include/defs.h implicit
-				done sh/deparse.c
-				meta deparse.o %.c>%.o sh/deparse.c deparse
-				prev sh/deparse.c
-				prev SHOPT.sh
-				exec - ${CC} ${mam_cc_FLAGS} ${KSH_RELFLAGS} ${KSH_SHOPTFLAGS} ${CCFLAGS} -I. -Iinclude -I${PACKAGE_ast_INCLUDE} -D_API_ast=20100309 -D_PACKAGE_ast -DERROR_CONTEXT_T=Error_context_t -c sh/deparse.c
-			done deparse.o generated
 			make enum.o
 				make bltins/enum.c
 					prev include/defs.h implicit
@@ -1376,7 +1365,7 @@ make install
 				prev SHOPT.sh
 				exec - ${CC} ${mam_cc_FLAGS} ${KSH_RELFLAGS} ${KSH_SHOPTFLAGS} ${CCFLAGS} -I. -Iinclude -I${PACKAGE_ast_INCLUDE} -D_PACKAGE_ast -D_API_ast=20100309 -DERROR_CONTEXT_T=Error_context_t -c edit/hexpand.c
 			done hexpand.o generated
-			exec - ${AR} rc libshell.a alarm.o cd_pwd.o cflow.o deparse.o enum.o getopts.o hist.o misc.o mkservice.o print.o read.o sleep.o trap.o test.o typeset.o ulimit.o umask.o whence.o main.o nvdisc.o nvtype.o arith.o args.o array.o completion.o defs.o edit.o expand.o regress.o fault.o fcin.o
+			exec - ${AR} rc libshell.a alarm.o cd_pwd.o cflow.o enum.o getopts.o hist.o misc.o mkservice.o print.o read.o sleep.o trap.o test.o typeset.o ulimit.o umask.o whence.o main.o nvdisc.o nvtype.o arith.o args.o array.o completion.o defs.o edit.o expand.o regress.o fault.o fcin.o
 			exec - ${AR} rc libshell.a history.o init.o io.o jobs.o lex.o macro.o name.o nvtree.o parse.o path.o string.o streval.o subshell.o tdump.o timers.o trestore.o waitevent.o xec.o limits.o msg.o strdata.o testops.o keywords.o options.o signals.o aliases.o builtins.o variables.o lexstates.o emacs.o vi.o hexpand.o
 			exec - (ranlib libshell.a) >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
 		done libshell.a generated
diff --git a/src/cmd/ksh93/include/defs.h b/src/cmd/ksh93/include/defs.h
index 5169daf6b..ec91c63e8 100644
--- a/src/cmd/ksh93/include/defs.h
+++ b/src/cmd/ksh93/include/defs.h
@@ -120,7 +120,6 @@ extern Namval_t		*sh_assignok(Namval_t*,int);
 extern struct dolnod	*sh_arguse(void);
 extern char		*sh_checkid(char*,char*);
 extern void		sh_chktrap(void);
-extern void		sh_deparse(Sfio_t*,const Shnode_t*,int);
 extern int		sh_debug(const char*,const char*,const char*,char *const[],int);
 extern char 		**sh_envgen(void);
 extern void 		sh_envnolocal(Namval_t*,void*);
diff --git a/src/cmd/ksh93/sh/deparse.c b/src/cmd/ksh93/sh/deparse.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 489cc75b8..000000000
--- a/src/cmd/ksh93/sh/deparse.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,602 +0,0 @@
-/***********************************************************************
-*                                                                      *
-*               This software is part of the ast package               *
-*          Copyright (c) 1982-2011 AT&T Intellectual Property          *
-*          Copyright (c) 2020-2021 Contributors to ksh 93u+m           *
-*                      and is licensed under the                       *
-*                 Eclipse Public License, Version 1.0                  *
-*                    by AT&T Intellectual Property                     *
-*                                                                      *
-*                A copy of the License is available at                 *
-*          http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/epl-v10.html           *
-*         (with md5 checksum b35adb5213ca9657e911e9befb180842)         *
-*                                                                      *
-*              Information and Software Systems Research               *
-*                            AT&T Research                             *
-*                           Florham Park NJ                            *
-*                                                                      *
-*                  David Korn <dgk@research.att.com>                   *
-*                                                                      *
-***********************************************************************/
-/*
- * David Korn
- * AT&T Labs
- *
- * shell deparser
- *
- */
-
-#include	"defs.h"
-#include	"shnodes.h"
-#include	"test.h"
-
-
-#define HUGE_INT	(((unsigned)-1)>>1)
-#define	BEGIN	0
-#define MIDDLE	1
-#define	END	2
-#define PRE	1
-#define POST	2
-
-
-/* flags that can be specified with p_tree() */
-#define NO_NEWLINE	(1 << 0)
-#define NEED_BRACE	(1 << 1)
-#define NO_BRACKET	(1 << 2)
-#define PROCSUBST	(1 << 3)
-
-static void p_comlist(const struct dolnod*,int);
-static void p_arg(const struct argnod*, int endchar, int opts);
-static void p_comarg(const struct comnod*);
-static void p_keyword(const char*,int);
-static void p_redirect(const struct ionod*);
-static void p_switch(const struct regnod*);
-static void here_body(const struct ionod*);
-static void p_tree(const Shnode_t*,int);
-
-static int level;
-static int begin_line;
-static int end_line;
-static char io_op[7];
-static char un_op[3] = "-?";
-static const struct ionod *here_doc;
-static Sfio_t *outfile;
-static const char *forinit = "";
-
-void sh_deparse(Sfio_t *out, const Shnode_t *t,int tflags)
-{
-	outfile = out;
-	p_tree(t,tflags);
-}
-/*
- * print script corresponding to shell tree <t>
- */
-static void p_tree(register const Shnode_t *t,register int tflags)
-{
-	register char *cp=0;
-	int save = end_line;
-	int needbrace = (tflags&NEED_BRACE);
-	int procsub = (tflags&PROCSUBST);
-	tflags &= ~NEED_BRACE;
-	if(tflags&NO_NEWLINE)
-		end_line = ' ';
-	else if(procsub)
-		end_line = ')';
-	else
-		end_line = '\n';
-	switch(t->tre.tretyp&COMMSK)
-	{
-		case TTIME:
-			if(t->tre.tretyp&COMSCAN)
-				p_keyword("!",BEGIN);
-			else
-				p_keyword("time",BEGIN);
-			if(t->par.partre)
-				p_tree(t->par.partre,tflags); 
-			level--;
-			break;
-
-		case TCOM:
-			if(begin_line && level>0)
-				sfnputc(outfile,'\t',level);
-			begin_line = 0;
-			p_comarg((struct comnod*)t);
-			break;
-
-		case TSETIO:
-			if(t->tre.tretyp&FPCL)
-				tflags |= NEED_BRACE;
-			else
-				tflags = NO_NEWLINE|NEED_BRACE;
-			p_tree(t->fork.forktre,tflags);
-			p_redirect(t->fork.forkio);
-			break;
-
-		case TFORK:
-			if(needbrace)
-				tflags |= NEED_BRACE;
-			if((t->tre.tretyp&(FAMP|FCOOP)) && (t->tre.tretyp&(FAMP|FINT))!=FAMP)
-			{
-				tflags = NEED_BRACE|NO_NEWLINE;
-				end_line = ' ';
-			}
-			else if(t->fork.forkio)
-				tflags = NO_NEWLINE;
-			p_tree(t->fork.forktre,tflags);
-			if(t->fork.forkio)
-				p_redirect(t->fork.forkio);
-			if(t->tre.tretyp&FCOOP)
-			{
-				sfputr(outfile,"|&",procsub?')':'\n');
-				begin_line = 1;
-			}
-			else if((t->tre.tretyp&(FAMP|FINT))==(FAMP|FINT))
-			{
-				sfputr(outfile,"&",procsub?')':'\n');
-				begin_line = 1;
-			}
-			break;
-	
-		case TIF:
-			p_keyword("if",BEGIN);
-			p_tree(t->if_.iftre,0);
-			p_keyword("then",MIDDLE);
-			p_tree(t->if_.thtre,0);
-			if(t->if_.eltre)
-			{
-				p_keyword("else",MIDDLE);
-				p_tree(t->if_.eltre,0);
-			}
-			p_keyword("fi",END);
-			break;
-
-		case TWH:
-			if(t->wh.whinc)
-				cp = "for";
-			else if(t->tre.tretyp&COMSCAN)
-				cp = "until";
-			else
-				cp = "while";
-			p_keyword(cp,BEGIN);
-			if(t->wh.whinc)
-			{
-				struct argnod *arg = (t->wh.whtre)->ar.arexpr;
-				sfprintf(outfile,"(( %s; ",forinit);
-				forinit = "";
-				sfputr(outfile,arg->argval,';');
-				arg = (t->wh.whinc)->arexpr;
-				sfprintf(outfile," %s))\n",arg->argval);
-			}
-			else
-				p_tree(t->wh.whtre,0);
-			t = t->wh.dotre;
-			goto dolist;
-
-		case TLST:
-		{
-			Shnode_t *tr = t->lst.lstrit;
-			if(tr->tre.tretyp==TWH && tr->wh.whinc && t->lst.lstlef->tre.tretyp==TARITH)
-			{
-				/* arithmetic for statement */
-				struct argnod *init = (t->lst.lstlef)->ar.arexpr;
-				forinit= init->argval;
-				p_tree(t->lst.lstrit,tflags);
-				break;
-			}
-			if(needbrace)
-				p_keyword("{",BEGIN);
-			p_tree(t->lst.lstlef,0);
-			if(needbrace)
-				tflags = 0;
-			p_tree(t->lst.lstrit,tflags);
-			if(needbrace)
-				p_keyword("}",END);
-			break;
-		}
-
-		case TAND:
-			cp = "&&";
-			goto andor;
-		case TORF:
-			cp = "||";
-			goto andor;
-		case TFIL:
-			cp = "|";
-		andor:
-		{
-			int bracket = 0;
-			if(t->tre.tretyp&TTEST)
-			{
-				tflags |= NO_NEWLINE;
-				if(!(tflags&NO_BRACKET))
-				{
-					p_keyword("[[",BEGIN);
-					tflags |= NO_BRACKET;
-					bracket=1;
-				}
-			}
-			p_tree(t->lst.lstlef,NEED_BRACE|NO_NEWLINE|(tflags&NO_BRACKET));
-			if(tflags&FALTPIPE)
-			{
-				Shnode_t *tt = t->lst.lstrit;
-				if(tt->tre.tretyp!=TFIL || !(tt->lst.lstlef->tre.tretyp&FALTPIPE))
-				{
-					sfputc(outfile,'\n');
-					return;
-				}
-			}
-			sfputr(outfile,cp,here_doc?'\n':' ');
-			if(here_doc)
-			{
-				here_body(here_doc);
-				here_doc = 0;
-			}
-			level++;
-			p_tree(t->lst.lstrit,tflags|NEED_BRACE);
-			if(bracket)
-				p_keyword("]]",END);
-			level--;
-			break;
-		}
-	
-		case TPAR:
-			p_keyword("(",BEGIN);
-			p_tree(t->par.partre,0); 
-			p_keyword(")",END);
-			break;
-
-		case TARITH:
-		{
-			register struct argnod *ap = t->ar.arexpr;
-			if(begin_line && level)
-				sfnputc(outfile,'\t',level);
-			sfprintf(outfile,"(( %s ))%c",ap->argval,end_line);
-			if(!(tflags&NO_NEWLINE))
-				begin_line=1;
-			break;
-		}
-
-		case TFOR:
-			cp = ((t->tre.tretyp&COMSCAN)?"select":"for");
-			p_keyword(cp,BEGIN);
-			sfputr(outfile,t->for_.fornam,' ');
-			if(t->for_.forlst)
-			{
-				sfputr(outfile,"in",' ');
-				tflags = end_line;
-				end_line = '\n';
-				p_comarg(t->for_.forlst);
-				end_line = tflags;
-			}
-			else
-				sfputc(outfile,'\n');
-			begin_line = 1;
-			t = t->for_.fortre;
-		dolist:
-			p_keyword("do",MIDDLE);
-			p_tree(t,0);
-			p_keyword("done",END);
-			break;
-	
-		case TSW:
-			p_keyword("case",BEGIN);
-			p_arg(t->sw.swarg,' ',0);
-			if(t->sw.swlst)
-			{
-				begin_line = 1;
-				sfputr(outfile,"in",'\n');
-				tflags = end_line;
-				end_line = '\n';
-				p_switch(t->sw.swlst);
-				end_line = tflags;
-			}
-			p_keyword("esac",END);
-			break;
-
-		case TFUN:
-			if(t->tre.tretyp&FPOSIX)
-			{
-				sfprintf(outfile,"%s",t->funct.functnam);
-				p_keyword("()\n",BEGIN);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				p_keyword("function",BEGIN);
-				tflags = (t->funct.functargs?' ':'\n');
-				sfputr(outfile,t->funct.functnam,tflags);
-				if(t->funct.functargs)
-				{
-					tflags = end_line;
-					end_line = '\n';
-					p_comarg(t->funct.functargs);
-					end_line = tflags;
-				}
-			}
-			begin_line = 1;
-			p_keyword("{\n",MIDDLE);
-			begin_line = 1;
-			p_tree(t->funct.functtre,0); 
-			p_keyword("}",END);
-			break;
-		/* new test compound command */
-		case TTST:
-			if(!(tflags&NO_BRACKET))
-				p_keyword("[[",BEGIN);
-			if((t->tre.tretyp&TPAREN)==TPAREN)
-			{
-				p_keyword("(",BEGIN);
-				p_tree(t->lst.lstlef,NO_BRACKET|NO_NEWLINE); 
-				p_keyword(")",END);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				int flags = (t->tre.tretyp)>>TSHIFT;
-				if(t->tre.tretyp&TNEGATE)
-					sfputr(outfile,"!",' ');
-				if(t->tre.tretyp&TUNARY)
-				{
-					un_op[1] = flags;
-					sfputr(outfile,un_op,' ');
-				}
-				else
-					cp = ((char*)(shtab_testops+(flags&037)-1)->sh_name);
-				p_arg(&(t->lst.lstlef->arg),' ',0);
-				if(t->tre.tretyp&TBINARY)
-				{
-					sfputr(outfile,cp,' ');
-					p_arg(&(t->lst.lstrit->arg),' ',0);
-				}
-			}
-			if(!(tflags&NO_BRACKET))
-				p_keyword("]]",END);
-	}
-	while(begin_line && here_doc)
-	{
-		here_body(here_doc);
-		here_doc = 0;
-	}
-	end_line = save;
-	return;
-}
-
-/*
- * print a keyword
- * increment indent level for flag==BEGIN
- * decrement indent level for flag==END
- */
-static void p_keyword(const char *word,int flag)
-{
-	register int sep;
-	if(flag==END)
-		sep = end_line;
-	else if(*word=='[' || *word=='(')
-		sep = ' ';
-	else
-		sep = '\t';
-	if(flag!=BEGIN)
-		level--;
-	if(begin_line && level)
-		sfnputc(outfile,'\t',level);
-	sfputr(outfile,word,sep);
-	if(sep=='\n')
-		begin_line=1;
-	else
-		begin_line=0;
-	if(flag!=END)
-		level++;
-}
-
-static void p_arg(register const struct argnod *arg,register int endchar,int opts)
-{
-	register const char *cp;
-	register int flag=0;
-	do
-	{
-		if(!arg->argnxt.ap)
-			flag = endchar;
-		else if(opts&PRE)
-		{
-			/* case alternation lists in reverse order */
-			p_arg(arg->argnxt.ap,'|',opts);
-			flag = endchar;
-		}
-		else if(opts)
-			flag = ' ';
-		cp = arg->argval;
-		if(*cp==0 && (arg->argflag&ARG_EXP) && arg->argchn.ap)
-		{
-			/* process substitution */
-			int c = (arg->argflag&ARG_RAW)?'>':'<';
-			sfputc(outfile,c);
-			sfputc(outfile,'(');
-			p_tree((Shnode_t*)arg->argchn.ap,PROCSUBST);
-		}
-		else if(*cp==0 && opts==POST && arg->argchn.ap)
-		{
-			/* compound assignment */
-			struct fornod *fp=(struct fornod*)arg->argchn.ap;
-			sfprintf(outfile,"%s=(\n",fp->fornam);
-			sfnputc(outfile,'\t',++level);
-			p_tree(fp->fortre,0);
-			if(--level)
-				sfnputc(outfile,'\t',level);
-			sfputc(outfile,')');
-		}
-		else if((arg->argflag&ARG_RAW) && (cp[1] || (*cp!='[' && *cp!=']')))
-			cp = sh_fmtq(cp);
-		sfputr(outfile,cp,flag);
-		if(flag=='\n')
-			begin_line = 1;
-		arg = arg->argnxt.ap;
-	}
-	while((opts&POST) && arg);
-	return;
-}
-
-static void p_redirect(register const struct ionod *iop)
-{
-	register char *cp;
-	register int iof,iof2;
-	for(;iop;iop=iop->ionxt)
-	{
-		iof=iop->iofile;
-		cp = io_op;
-		if(iop->iovname)
-		{
-			sfwrite(outfile,"(;",2);
-			sfputr(outfile,iop->iovname,')');
-			cp++;
-		}
-		else
-			*cp = '0'+(iof&IOUFD);
-		if(iof&IOPUT)
-		{
-			if(*cp == '1' && !iop->iovname)
-				cp++;
-			io_op[1] = '>';
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			if(*cp == '0' && !iop->iovname)
-				cp++;
-			io_op[1] = '<';
-		}
-		io_op[2] = 0;
-		io_op[3] = 0;
-		if(iof&IOLSEEK)
-		{
-			io_op[1] = '#';
-			if(iof&IOARITH)
-				strcpy(&io_op[3]," ((");
-		}
-		else if(iof&IOMOV)
-			io_op[2] = '&';
-		else if(iof&(IORDW|IOAPP))
-			io_op[2] = '>';
-		else if(iof&IOCLOB)
-			io_op[2] = '|';
-		if(iop->iodelim)
-		{
-			/* here document */
-			here_doc  = iop;
-			io_op[2] = '<';
-		}
-		sfputr(outfile,cp,' ');
-		if(iop->ionxt)
-			iof = ' ';
-		else
-		{
-			if((iof=end_line)=='\n')
-				begin_line = 1;
-		}
-		if((iof&IOLSEEK) && (iof&IOARITH))
-			iof2 = iof, iof = ' ';
-		if((iop->iofile & IOPROCSUB) && !(iop->iofile & IOLSEEK))
-		{
-			/* process substitution as argument to redirection */
-			if(iop->iofile & IOPUT)
-				sfwrite(outfile,">(",2);
-			else
-				sfwrite(outfile,"<(",2);
-			p_tree((Shnode_t*)iop->ioname,PROCSUBST);
-			sfputc(outfile,iof);
-		}
-		else if(iop->iodelim)
-		{
-			if(!(iop->iofile&IODOC))
-				sfwrite(outfile,"''",2);
-			sfputr(outfile,sh_fmtq(iop->iodelim),iof);
-		}
-		else if(iop->iofile&IORAW)
-			sfputr(outfile,sh_fmtq(iop->ioname),iof);
-		else
-			sfputr(outfile,iop->ioname,iof);
-		if((iof&IOLSEEK) && (iof&IOARITH))
-			sfputr(outfile, "))", iof2);
-	}
-	return;
-}
-
-static void p_comarg(register const struct comnod *com)
-{
-	register int flag = end_line;
-	if(com->comtyp&FAMP)
-		sfwrite(outfile,"& ",2);
-	if(com->comarg || com->comio)
-		flag = ' ';
-	if(com->comset)
-		p_arg(com->comset,flag,POST);
-	if(com->comarg)
-	{
-		if(!com->comio)
-			flag = end_line;
-		if(com->comtyp&COMSCAN)
-			p_arg(com->comarg,flag,POST);
-		else
-			p_comlist((struct dolnod*)com->comarg,flag);
-	}
-	if(com->comio)
-		p_redirect(com->comio);
-	return;
-}
-
-static void p_comlist(const struct dolnod *dol,int endchar)
-{
-	register char *cp, *const*argv;
-	register int flag = ' ', special;
-	argv = dol->dolval+ARG_SPARE;
-	cp = *argv;
-	special = (*cp=='[' && cp[1]==0);
-	do
-	{
-		if(cp)
-			argv++;
-		else
-			cp = "";
-		if(*argv==0)
-		{
-			if((flag=endchar)=='\n')
-				begin_line = 1;
-			special = (*cp==']' && cp[1]==0);
-		}
-		sfputr(outfile,special?cp:sh_fmtq(cp),flag);
-		special = 0;
-	}
-	while(cp  = *argv);
-	return;
-}
-
-static void p_switch(register const struct regnod *reg)
-{
-	if(level>1)
-		sfnputc(outfile,'\t',level-1);
-	p_arg(reg->regptr,')',PRE);
-	begin_line = 0;
-	sfputc(outfile,'\t');
-	if(reg->regcom)
-		p_tree(reg->regcom,0);
-	level++;
-	if(reg->regflag)
-		p_keyword(";&",END);
-	else
-		p_keyword(";;",END);
-	if(reg->regnxt)
-		p_switch(reg->regnxt);
-	return;
-}
-
-/*
- * output here documents
- */
-static void here_body(register const struct ionod *iop)
-{
-	Sfio_t *infile;
-	if(iop->iofile&IOSTRG)
-		infile = sfnew((Sfio_t*)0,iop->ioname,iop->iosize,-1,SF_STRING|SF_READ);
-	else
-		sfseek(infile=sh.heredocs,iop->iooffset,SEEK_SET);
-	sfmove(infile,outfile,iop->iosize,-1);
-	if(iop->iofile&IOSTRG)
-		sfclose(infile);
-	sfputr(outfile,iop->iodelim,'\n');
-}