diff --git a/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/m3_Dt/Editor.sgm b/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/m3_Dt/Editor.sgm index e1f6590a2..aff7008a5 100644 --- a/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/m3_Dt/Editor.sgm +++ b/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/m3_Dt/Editor.sgm @@ -2005,14 +2005,14 @@ resource can be used to modify these translations. Action Routines The DtEditor widget action routines are described here: -backward-character () +backward-character() This action moves the insertion cursor one character to the left. This action may have different behavior in a right-to-left language environment. -backward-paragraph (extend) +backward-paragraph(extend) If this action is called with no argument, it moves the insertion cursor to the first non-whitespace character following the first previous blank line @@ -2023,7 +2023,7 @@ the previous paragraph. and extends the current selection. -backward-word ( extend) +backward-word( extend) If this action is called with no argument, it moves the insertion cursor to the first non-whitespace character after the first whitespace character @@ -2035,7 +2035,7 @@ in a locale other than the C locale. and extends the current selection. -beginning-of-file (extend) +beginning-of-file(extend) If this action is called with no argument, it moves the insertion cursor to the beginning of the text. @@ -2043,7 +2043,7 @@ to the beginning of the text. and extends the current selection. -beginning-of-line (extend) +beginning-of-line(extend) If this action is called with no argument, it moves the insertion cursor to the beginning of the line. @@ -2051,45 +2051,45 @@ to the beginning of the line. and extends the current selection. -clear-selection () +clear-selection() This action clears the current selection by replacing each character except carriage-return with a space character. -copy-clipboard () +copy-clipboard() This action copies the current selection to the clipboard. -cut-clipboard () +cut-clipboard() This action cuts the current selection to the clipboard. -delete-next-character () +delete-next-character() If there is a non-NULL selection, this action deletes the selection; otherwise, it deletes the character following the insertion cursor. -delete-next-word () +delete-next-word() If there is a non-NULL selection, this action deletes the selection; otherwise, it deletes the characters following the insertion cursor to the next space, tab or end of line character. -delete-previous-character () +delete-previous-character() If there is a non-NULL selection, this action deletes the selection; otherwise, it deletes the character of text immediately preceding the insertion cursor. -delete-previous-word () +delete-previous-word() If there is a non-NULL selection, this action deletes the selection; otherwise, it deletes the characters preceding @@ -2098,26 +2098,26 @@ This action may have different behavior in a locale other than the C locale. -delete-to-end-of-line () +delete-to-end-of-line() If there is a non-NULL selection, this action deletes the selection; otherwise, it deletes the characters following the insertion cursor to the next end-of-line character. -delete-to-start-of-line () +delete-to-start-of-line() If there is a non-NULL selection, this action deletes the selection; otherwise, it deletes the characters preceding the insertion cursor to the previous beginning-of-line character. -deselect-all () +deselect-all() This action deselects the current selection. -end-of-file ( extend) +end-of-file( extend) If this action is called with no argument, it moves the insertion cursor to the end of the text. @@ -2125,7 +2125,7 @@ to the end of the text. and extends the current selection. -end-of-line ( extend) +end-of-line( extend) If this action is called with no argument, it moves the insertion cursor to the end of the line. @@ -2133,14 +2133,14 @@ to the end of the line. and extends the current selection. -forward-character () +forward-character() This action moves the insertion cursor one character to the right. This action may have different behavior in a right-to-left language environment. -forward-paragraph (extend) +forward-paragraph(extend) If this action is called with no argument, it moves the insertion cursor to the first non-whitespace character following the next blank line. If the @@ -2150,7 +2150,7 @@ the insertion cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph. and extends the current selection. -forward-word ( extend) +forward-word( extend) If this action is called with no argument, it moves the insertion cursor to the first whitespace character or end-of-line following the next non-whitespace @@ -2163,7 +2163,7 @@ extends the current selection. -go-to-line () +go-to-line() This action moves the keyboard focus to the Current Line text field to allow the user to move the insertion cursor to a new line. @@ -2175,21 +2175,21 @@ For a description of the status line, see the ]]> -Help () +Help() This action calls the callbacks for XmNhelpCallback if any exist. If there are no help callbacks for this widget, this action calls the help callbacks for the nearest ancestor that has them. -insert-string ( string) +insert-string( string) This action deletes the entire selection if there is a non-NULL selection and the cursor is not disjoint from it. It inserts string before the insertion cursor. -key-select ( direction) +key-select( direction) If this action is called with an argument of right, it moves the insertion cursor one character to the right and extends the current selection. If this action is called with an argument of @@ -2198,7 +2198,7 @@ to the left and extends the current selection. If this action is called with no argument, it extends the current selection. -newline-and-backup () +newline-and-backup() If there is a non-NULL selection and the cursor is not disjoint from it, this action deletes the entire selection, @@ -2206,7 +2206,7 @@ inserts a newline just before the insertion cursor and repositions the insertion cursor to the end of the line before the newline. -newline-and-indent () +newline-and-indent() If there is a non-NULL selection and the cursor is not disjoint from it, this action deletes the entire selection, @@ -2214,7 +2214,7 @@ inserts a newline and then the same number of whitespace characters as at the beginning of the previous line. -next-page ( extend) +next-page( extend) If this action is called with no argument, it moves the insertion cursor forward one page. @@ -2222,23 +2222,23 @@ forward one page. and extends the current selection. -page-left () +page-left() This action scrolls the viewing window left one page of text. -page-right () +page-right() This action scrolls the viewing window right one page of text. -paste-clipboard () +paste-clipboard() This action pastes the contents of the clipboard before the insertion cursor. -previous-page ( extend) +previous-page( extend) If this action is called with no argument, it moves the insertion cursor back one page. @@ -2246,41 +2246,41 @@ back one page. and extends the current selection. -process-cancel () +process-cancel() This action cancels the current extend-adjust or secondary-adjust operation and leaves the selection state as it was before the operation; otherwise, (and if the parent is a manager) it passes the event to the parent. -process-down () +process-down() This action moves the insertion cursor down one line. -process-shift-down () +process-shift-down() This action moves the insertion cursor down one line, extending the current selection. -process-shift-up () +process-shift-up() This action moves the insertion cursor up one line, extending the current selection. -process-up () +process-up() This action moves the insertion cursor up one line. -select-all () +select-all() Selects all text. -toggle-insert-mode () +toggle-insert-mode() This action toggles the state of the text insertion mode. By default, characters typed into the DtEditor widget are inserted at the position of @@ -2290,7 +2290,7 @@ overstrike mode, characters are appended to the end of the line when the end of a line is reached. -quote-next-character () +quote-next-character() This action treats the next typed character as a special character and inserts it into the text without interpreting it. Enables the insertion of @@ -2298,7 +2298,7 @@ special instructional characters or special language characters, such as the character marking a form feed or the umlaut used in German text. -undo-edit () +undo-edit() This action undoes the last change (deletion or insertion) made to the text. A change consists of either a set of consecutive insertions, or a set @@ -2323,14 +2323,14 @@ The following lists summarize these functions. DtEditor Life Cycle Functions -DtCreateEditor () +DtCreateEditor() Creates a new instance of a DtEditor widget. -DtEditorReset () +DtEditorReset() Restores a DtEditor widget to its initial state. @@ -2342,7 +2342,7 @@ The following lists summarize these functions. DtEditor Input/Output Functions -DtEditorAppend () +DtEditorAppend() Appends content data to the end of a DtEditor widget. @@ -2350,7 +2350,7 @@ widget. -DtEditorAppendFromFile () +DtEditorAppendFromFile() Appends the contents of a file to the end of a DtEditor widget. @@ -2358,7 +2358,7 @@ widget. -DtEditorGetContents () +DtEditorGetContents() Retrieves the entire contents of a DtEditor widget. @@ -2366,42 +2366,42 @@ widget. -DtEditorInsert () +DtEditorInsert() Inserts content data at the current insert position. -DtEditorInsertFromFile () +DtEditorInsertFromFile() Inserts the contents of a file at the current insert position. -DtEditorReplace () +DtEditorReplace() Replaces a portion of text with the supplied data. -DtEditorReplaceFromFile () +DtEditorReplaceFromFile() Replaces a portion of text with the contents of a file. -DtEditorSaveContentsToFile () +DtEditorSaveContentsToFile() Saves the entire contents to a file. -DtEditorSetContents () +DtEditorSetContents() Loads content data into a DtEditor widget, replacing the entire contents of the widget. @@ -2409,7 +2409,7 @@ widget, replacing the entire contents of the widget. -DtEditorSetContentsFromFile () +DtEditorSetContentsFromFile() Loads the contents of a file into a DtEditor widget, replacing the entire contents of the widget. @@ -2422,42 +2422,42 @@ widget, replacing the entire contents of the widget. DtEditor Selection Functions -DtEditorClearSelection () +DtEditorClearSelection() Replaces the currently selected contents with blanks. -DtEditorCopyToClipboard () +DtEditorCopyToClipboard() Copies the currently selected contents to the clipboard. -DtEditorCutToClipboard () +DtEditorCutToClipboard() Removes the currently selected contents, placing it on the clipboard. -DtEditorDeleteSelection () +DtEditorDeleteSelection() Removes the currently selected contents. -DtEditorDeselect () +DtEditorDeselect() Deselects any selected contents. -DtEditorPasteFromClipboard () +DtEditorPasteFromClipboard() Pastes the contents of the clipboard into a DtEditor widget, replacing any currently selected contents. @@ -2465,7 +2465,7 @@ widget, replacing any currently selected contents. -DtEditorSelectAll () +DtEditorSelectAll() Selects the entire contents of a DtEditor widget. @@ -2477,7 +2477,7 @@ widget, replacing any currently selected contents. DtEditor Format Functions -DtEditorFormat () +DtEditorFormat() Formats the contents of all or part of a DtEditor widget. @@ -2485,7 +2485,7 @@ widget. -DtEditorInvokeFormatDialog () +DtEditorInvokeFormatDialog() Displays the format dialog that enables the user to specify format settings for margins and @@ -2500,21 +2500,21 @@ operations. DtEditor Find and Change Text Functions -DtEditorChange () +DtEditorChange() Changes one or all occurrences of a string. -DtEditorFind () +DtEditorFind() Finds the next occurrence of a string. -DtEditorInvokeFindChangeDialog () +DtEditorInvokeFindChangeDialog() Displays the dialog that enables the user to search for, and optionally change, a string. @@ -2522,7 +2522,7 @@ to search for, and optionally change, a string. -DtEditorInvokeSpellDialog () +DtEditorInvokeSpellDialog() Displays a dialog with a list of misspelled words in the current contents. @@ -2536,14 +2536,14 @@ words in the current contents. -DtEditorDisableRedisplay () +DtEditorDisableRedisplay() Temporarily prevents visual update of a DtEditor widget. -DtEditorEnableRedisplay () +DtEditorEnableRedisplay() Forces the visual update of a DtEditor widget. @@ -2551,7 +2551,7 @@ words in the current contents. ]]> -DtEditorCheckForUnsavedChanges () +DtEditorCheckForUnsavedChanges() Reports whether the contents of a DtEditor widget have been altered since they were last @@ -2560,7 +2560,7 @@ retrieved or saved. -DtEditorGetInsertionPosition () +DtEditorGetInsertionPosition() Returns the insertion cursor position of a DtEditor widget. @@ -2568,7 +2568,7 @@ widget. -DtEditorGetLastPosition () +DtEditorGetLastPosition() Returns the position of the last character in the edit window. @@ -2576,7 +2576,7 @@ in the edit window. -DtEditorGetMessageTextFieldID () +DtEditorGetMessageTextFieldID() Retrieves the widget ID of the Text Field widget used to display application messages. @@ -2584,7 +2584,7 @@ widget used to display application messages. -DtEditorGetSizeHints () +DtEditorGetSizeHints() Retrieves sizing information from a DtEditor widget. @@ -2592,21 +2592,21 @@ widget. -DtEditorGoToLine () +DtEditorGoToLine() Moves the insert cursor to the specified line. -DtEditorSetInsertionPosition () +DtEditorSetInsertionPosition() Sets the position of the insertion cursor. -DtEditorTraverseToEditor () +DtEditorTraverseToEditor() Sets keyboard traversal to the edit window of a DtEditor widget. @@ -2614,7 +2614,7 @@ widget. -DtEditorUndoEdit () +DtEditorUndoEdit() Undoes the last edit made by a user. @@ -2627,7 +2627,7 @@ widget. FILES -/usr/dt/lib/nls/msg/$LANG/DtWidget.cat () +/usr/dt/lib/nls/msg/$LANG/DtWidget.cat() Message catalog for DtWidget library. diff --git a/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/m3_Dt/Term.sgm b/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/m3_Dt/Term.sgm index f23e2f51b..5c7d384a4 100644 --- a/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/m3_Dt/Term.sgm +++ b/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/m3_Dt/Term.sgm @@ -1789,40 +1789,40 @@ function) to the child process.--> -bell ([percentage]) +bell([percentage]) Rings the keyboard bell at the specified percentage above or below the base volume. -break () +break() Sends an RS232 break signal to the child process. -cancel () +cancel() Sends a CAN (cancel) character to the child process. -copy-clipboard () +copy-clipboard() Copies current selection to the clipboard. -copy-to () +copy-to() Sends the primary selection to the subprocess. -do () +do() Sends the escape sequence (see ) ]]>associated with the Do key to the child process. -edit-key ( string) +edit-key( string) Sends the escape sequence (see ) ]]>associated with the corresponding @@ -1838,20 +1838,20 @@ select -extend-start () +extend-start() Starts the extension of the currently selected text. The amount of text selected depends on the number of mouse clicks (see grab-focus). -extend-end () +extend-end() Extends the current selection. The amount of text selected depends on the number of mouse clicks (see grab-focus). -function-key-execute ( num[, type ]) +function-key-execute( num[, type ]) Sends the escape sequence (see ) ]]>associated with the corresponding @@ -1864,7 +1864,7 @@ then the string associated with user defined key num is sent to the child process. -grab-focus () +grab-focus() Performs one of the following depending on the number of multiple mouse clicks. One click deselects any selected text and sets the selection anchor @@ -1872,12 +1872,12 @@ at the pointer position; two clicks selects a word; three clicks selects a line of text; and four clicks selects all text. -hard-reset () +hard-reset() Performs a hard reset on the terminal emulator. -help () +help() Sends the escape sequence (see ) ]]>associated with the DEC VT220 Help key to the child process.]]>Sends the escape sequence (see ) ]]>associated with the DEC VT220 Help @@ -1885,14 +1885,14 @@ key to the child process.]]> The interpretation of this key is application-specific. -keymap (name) +keymap(name) Defines a new translation table whose resource name is named with the suffix Keymap (case is significant). The name None restores the original translation table. -keypad-key-execute (string) +keypad-key-execute(string) Sends the escape sequence (see ) ]]>associated with the corresponding @@ -1914,7 +1914,7 @@ divide -move-cursor ( direction) +move-cursor( direction) Sends the escape sequence (see ) ]]>associated with the corresponding @@ -1928,12 +1928,12 @@ forward -paste-clipboard () +paste-clipboard() Sends the contents of the clipboard to the subprocess. -process-bdrag () +process-bdrag() The result of this action is determined by several factors: position of the location cursor, motion of the location cursor and the interval between @@ -1948,12 +1948,12 @@ whose XmNexportTargets resource value includes target types of COMPOUND_TEXT, STRING and TEXT. -redraw-display () +redraw-display() Redraws the contents of the text window. -scroll ( count[, units ]) +scroll( count[, units ]) Scrolls the display memory down if count is greater than zero, or up if count is less @@ -1966,36 +1966,36 @@ line -select-adjust () +select-adjust() Extends the selection. The amount of text selected depends on the number of mouse clicks. One click selects characters; two clicks selects words; three clicks selects lines; and four clicks selects the entire buffer. -select-all () +select-all() Selects all text. -select-page () +select-page() Selects all text currently displayed on the screen. -self-insert () +self-insert() Sends the character associated with the key pressed to the child process. -soft-reset () +soft-reset() Performs a soft reset of the terminal. -stop ( state) +stop( state) Toggles, starts, or stops the process of reading data from the child process. Valid values for state are: @@ -2006,7 +2006,7 @@ off -string ( string) +string( string) Inserts the specified text string as if it had been typed. The string must be quoted if it contains white space or non-alphanumeric characters. @@ -2014,12 +2014,12 @@ The string is interpreted as a hexadecimal character constant if it begins with the characters 0x. -tab () +tab() Sends a tab to the child process. -visual-bell () +visual-bell() Flashes the window quickly. diff --git a/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/man1/ksh93.sgm b/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/man1/ksh93.sgm index 7d942eacf..6175d54eb 100644 --- a/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/man1/ksh93.sgm +++ b/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/man1/ksh93.sgm @@ -49,43 +49,43 @@ standard/restricted command and programming language DESCRIPTION -Ksh  is a command and programming language +Ksh is a command and programming language that executes commands read from a terminal or a file. -Rksh  is a restricted version of the +Rksh is a restricted version of the command interpreter ksh; it is used to set up login names and execution environments whose capabilities are more controlled than those of the standard shell. See -Invocation  below +Invocation below for the meaning of arguments to the shell. Definitions. A -metacharacter  is one of the following characters: +metacharacter is one of the following characters: ; & ( ) | < > new-line space tab A -blank  is a +blank is a tab or a space. An -identifier  is a sequence of letters, digits, or underscores +identifier is a sequence of letters, digits, or underscores starting with a letter or underscore. Identifiers are used as components of -variable  names. +variable names. A -vname  is a sequence of one or more identifiers +vname is a sequence of one or more identifiers separated by a. and optionally preceded by a .. Vnames are used as function and variable names. A -word  is a sequence of -characters  excluding non-quoted +word is a sequence of +characters excluding non-quoted metacharacters. A -command  is a sequence of characters in the syntax +command is a sequence of characters in the syntax of the shell language. The shell reads each command and carries out the desired action either directly or by invoking @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ Built-ins that cause side effects in the shell environment and built-ins that are found before performing a path search (see -Execution  below) +Execution below) are documented here. For historical reasons, some of these built-ins behave differently than @@ -108,14 +108,14 @@ other built-ins and are called Commands. A -simple-command  is a list of variable assignments +simple-command is a list of variable assignments (see -Variable Assignments  below) +Variable Assignments below) or a sequence of -blank  separated words +blank separated words which may be preceded by a list of variable assignments (see -Environment  below). +Environment below). The first word specifies the name of the command to be executed. Except as specified below, @@ -124,13 +124,13 @@ to the invoked command. The command name is passed as argument 0 (see exec(2)). The -value  of a simple-command is its exit status; 0-255 -if it terminates normally; 256+signum  if +value of a simple-command is its exit status; 0-255 +if it terminates normally; 256+signum if it terminates abnormally (the name of the signal corresponding to the exit status can be obtained via the -l $? option of the -kill  built-in utility). +kill built-in utility). An arithmetic command begins with a @@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ arithmetic expression evaluates to a non-zero value and is 1 when the arithmetic expression evaluates to 0. A -pipeline  is a sequence of one or more -commands  separated by +pipeline is a sequence of one or more +commands separated by |. The standard output of each command but the last is connected by a pipe(2) to the standard input of the next command. @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ Each pipeline can be preceded by the reserved word ! which negates the exit status of the pipeline. A -list  is a sequence of one or more +list is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by ;, &, |&, &&, or @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ which is lower than that of A semicolon (;) causes sequential execution of the preceding pipeline; an ampersand (&) causes asynchronous execution of the preceding pipeline (i.e., the shell does -not  wait for that pipeline to finish). +not wait for that pipeline to finish). The symbol |& causes asynchronous execution of the preceding pipeline with a two-way pipe established to the parent shell; @@ -191,16 +191,16 @@ the built-in commands read and print described later. The symbol -&& (|| ) causes the -list  following it to be executed only if the preceding +&& (||) causes the +list following it to be executed only if the preceding pipeline returns a zero (non-zero) value. An arbitrary number of new-lines may appear in a -list  instead of a semicolon, +list instead of a semicolon, to delimit a command. A -command  is either a simple-command +command is either a simple-command or one of the following. Unless otherwise stated, the value returned by a command is that of the @@ -208,18 +208,18 @@ last simple-command executed in the command. -for vname  in word  ... ;do list  ;done +for vname in word ... ;do list ;done Each time a for command is executed, -name  is set to the next -word  taken from the -in word  list. +name is set to the next +word taken from the +in word list. If -in word  ... +in word ... is omitted, then the -for command executes the do list  once for each positional parameter +for command executes the do list once for each positional parameter that is set (see Parameter Expansion below). @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ Execution ends when there are no more words in the list. -for (( expr1 ; expr2 ; expr3  )) ;do list  ;done +for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ;do list ;done The arithmetic expression expr1 is evaluated first. @@ -244,13 +244,13 @@ is omitted, then it behaves as if it evaluated to 1. -select vname  in word  ... ;do list  ;done +select vname in word ... ;do list ;done A select command prints on standard error (file descriptor 2) the set of words, each preceded by a number. If -in word  ... +in word ... is omitted, then the positional parameters @@ -263,22 +263,22 @@ and a line is read from the standard input. If this line consists of the number of one of the listed words, then the value of the variable -vname  is set to the -word  corresponding to this number. +vname is set to the +word corresponding to this number. If this line is empty the selection list is printed again. Otherwise the value of the variable -vname  is set to +vname is set to null. The contents of the line read from standard input is saved in the variable REPLY. The -list  is executed for each selection until a -break  or -end-of-file  is encountered. +list is executed for each selection until a +break or +end-of-file is encountered. If the REPLY variable is set to -null  by the execution of +null by the execution of list, then the selection list is printed before displaying the PS3 prompt for the next selection. @@ -286,16 +286,16 @@ displaying the -case word  in (pattern  | pattern  ...) list  ;; ... esac +case word in (pattern | pattern ...) list ;; ... esac A case command executes the -list  associated with the first -pattern  that matches +list associated with the first +pattern that matches word. The form of the patterns is the same as that used for file-name generation (see -File Name Generation  below). +File Name Generation below). The ;; operator causes execution of case to terminate. @@ -306,28 +306,28 @@ If -if list  ;then list  +if list ;then list -elif list  ;then list  &str.CK; ... -&str.OK; ;else list  &str.CK; ;fi +elif list ;then list &str.CK; ... +&str.OK; ;else list &str.CK; ;fi The -list  following if is executed and, +list following if is executed and, if it returns a zero exit status, the -list  following +list following the first then is executed. Otherwise, the -list  following elif +list following elif is executed and, if its value is zero, the -list  following +list following the next then is executed. Failing that, the -else list  is executed. +else list is executed. If the -if list  has non-zero exit status +if list has non-zero exit status and there is no else list, then the if command returns a zero exit status. @@ -335,21 +335,21 @@ and there is no -while list  ;do list  ;done +while list ;do list ;done -until list  ;do list  ;done +until list ;do list ;done A while command repeatedly executes the -while list  and, if the exit status of the last command in the list is zero, executes +while list and, if the exit status of the last command in the list is zero, executes the do list; otherwise the loop terminates. If no commands in the -do list  are executed, then the +do list are executed, then the while command returns a zero exit status; until may be used in place of while to negate @@ -358,10 +358,10 @@ the loop termination test. -(list ) +(list) Execute -list  in a separate environment. +list in a separate environment. Note, that if two adjacent open parentheses are needed for nesting, a space must be inserted to avoid evaluation as an arithmetic command as described above. @@ -369,9 +369,9 @@ evaluation as an arithmetic command as described above. -{ list ;} +{ list;} -list  is simply executed. +list is simply executed. Note that unlike the metacharacters ( and ), { and @@ -383,52 +383,52 @@ at the beginning of a line or after a -[[ expression  ]] +[[ expression ]] Evaluates -expression  and returns a zero exit status when -expression  is true. +expression and returns a zero exit status when +expression is true. See -Conditional Expressions  below, for a description of +Conditional Expressions below, for a description of expression. -function varname  { list  ;} +function varname { list ;} -varname  () { list  ;} +varname () { list ;} Define a function which is referenced by varname. A function whose -varname  contains a +varname contains a . is called a discipline function and the portion of the -varname  preceding the last +varname preceding the last . must refer to an existing variable. The body of the function is the -list  of commands between +list of commands between { and -}. A function defined with the function varname  +}. A function defined with the function varname syntax can also be used as an argument to the. special built-in command to get the equivalent behavior -as if the varname () syntax were used to define it. +as if the varname() syntax were used to define it. (See -Functions  below.) +Functions below.) -time pipeline  +time pipeline -If pipeline  is omitted the user and system time for +If pipeline is omitted the user and system time for the current shell and completed child processes is printed on standard error. Otherwise, -pipeline  is executed and the elapsed time as well as +pipeline is executed and the elapsed time as well as the user and system time are printed on standard error. The following reserved words @@ -449,53 +449,53 @@ select time [[ ]] ! or can be an arguments to the typeset, export, or readonly special built-in commands. -The syntax for an assignment  is of the form: +The syntax for an assignment is of the form: -varname =word  +varname=word -varname [word ]=word  +varname[word]=word -No space is permitted between varname  and the = or -between = and word . +No space is permitted between varname and the = or +between = and word. -varname =(assign_list ) +varname=(assign_list) -No space is permitted between varname  and the =. -An assign_list  can be one of the following: +No space is permitted between varname and the =. +An assign_list can be one of the following: -word  ... +word ... Indexed array assignment. -[word ]=word  ... +[word]=word ... Associative array assignment. -assignment  ... +assignment ... Nested variable assignment. -typeset options assignment  ... +typeset options assignment ... Nested variable assignment. Multiple assignments can be specified by separating each of them with a ;. @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ other than any that are in the process of being replaced, will be tested for aliases. If the last character of the alias value is a -blank  then the word following the alias will also be checked for alias +blank then the word following the alias will also be checked for alias substitution. Aliases can be used to redefine built-in commands but cannot be used to redefine @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ Aliases can be created and listed with the alias command and can be removed with the unalias command. -Aliasing  is performed when +Aliasing is performed when scripts are read, not while they are executed. Therefore, @@ -610,8 +610,8 @@ but can be unset or redefined: After alias substitution is performed, each word is checked to see if it begins with an unquoted ≈. For tilde substitution, -word  also refers to the -word  portion of parameter expansion +word also refers to the +word portion of parameter expansion ( see Parameter Expansion below.) If it does, then the word up to a @@ -650,17 +650,17 @@ begins with a The standard output from a command enclosed in parentheses preceded by a dollar sign ( $()) -or a pair of grave accents ( ` ` ) +or a pair of grave accents (``) may be used as part or all of a word; trailing new-lines are removed. In the second (obsolete) form, the string between the quotes is processed for special quoting characters before the command is executed (see -Quoting  below). +Quoting below). The command substitution - $( cat file )  +$(cat file) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster - $( <file ) . +$(<file). @@ -678,9 +678,9 @@ within the double parentheses. versions of the UNIX operating system that support the /dev/fd directory for naming open files. Each command argument of the form -<(list ) +<(list) or ->(list ) +>(list) will run process list asynchronously connected to some file in /dev/fd. The name of this file will become the argument to the command. @@ -712,35 +712,35 @@ is a UNIX Parameter Expansion. A -parameter  is an +parameter is an variable, one or more digits, or any of the characters *, @, #, ?, -, $, and !\⁁. A -variable  is denoted by a vname. +variable is denoted by a vname. To create a variable whose -vname  contains a ., +vname contains a ., a variable whose -vname  consists of everything before the last . must already exist. +vname consists of everything before the last . must already exist. A -variable  has a -value  and zero or more -attributes. Variables  can be assigned -values  and +variable has a +value and zero or more +attributes. Variables can be assigned +values and attributes by using the -typeset  special built-in command. +typeset special built-in command. The attributes supported by the shell are described later with the -typeset  special built-in command. +typeset special built-in command. Exported variables pass values and attributes to the environment. The shell supports both indexed and associative arrays. An element of an array variable is referenced by a subscript. A -subscript  for an indexed array is denoted by +subscript for an indexed array is denoted by an -arithmetic expression  (see +arithmetic expression (see Arithmetic evaluation below) between a [ and a @@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ legal and an array will be created if necessary. An associative array is created with the -A option to typeset. A -subscript  for an associative array is denoted by +subscript for an associative array is denoted by a string enclosed between [ and ]. @@ -766,21 +766,21 @@ a string enclosed between is equivalent to referencing the array with subscript 0. The -value  of a -variable  may be assigned by writing: +value of a +variable may be assigned by writing: -vname=value  &str.OK; -vname=value  &str.CK; ... +vname=value &str.OK; +vname=value &str.CK; ... or -vname[subscript]=value  &str.OK; -vname[subscript]=value  &str.CK; ... +vname[subscript]=value &str.OK; +vname[subscript]=value &str.CK; ... Note that no space is allowed before or after the =. A -nameref  is a variable that is a reference to another variable. +nameref is a variable that is a reference to another variable. A nameref is created with the -n attribute of typeset. The value of the variable at the time of the @@ -808,12 +808,12 @@ name has been passed to the function. -F, or the integer attribute, -i, is set for vname, then the -value  is subject to arithmetic evaluation as described below. +value is subject to arithmetic evaluation as described below. Positional parameters, parameters denoted by a number, may be assigned values with the -set  special built-in command. +set special built-in command. Parameter $0 is set from argument zero when the shell is invoked. @@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ is invoked. parameters. -${parameter } +${parameter} The shell reads all the characters from @@ -832,23 +832,23 @@ reads all the characters from braces or metacharacters. The value, if any, of the parameter is substituted. The braces are required when -parameter  is followed by a letter, digit, or underscore +parameter is followed by a letter, digit, or underscore that is not to be interpreted as part of its name, when the variable name contains a ., or when a variable is subscripted. If -parameter  is one or more digits then it is a positional parameter. +parameter is one or more digits then it is a positional parameter. A positional parameter of more than one digit must be enclosed in braces. If -parameter  is +parameter is * or @, then all the positional parameters, starting with $1, are substituted (separated by a field separator character). If an array -vname  with subscript +vname with subscript * or @ is used, then the value @@ -860,14 +860,14 @@ is substituted -${#parameter } +${#parameter} If -parameter  is +parameter is * or @, the number of positional parameters is substituted. Otherwise, the length of the value of the -parameter  is substituted. +parameter is substituted. @@ -875,34 +875,34 @@ Otherwise, the length of the value of the ${#vname[*]} The number of elements in the array -vname  is substituted. +vname is substituted. -${!vname } +${!vname} Expands to the name of the variable referred to by vname. This will be -vname  except when -vname  is a name reference. +vname except when +vname is a name reference. -${!vname [subscript ]} +${!vname[subscript]} Expands to name of the subscript unless -subscript  is +subscript is *, or @. When -subscript  is -*, the list of array subscripts for vname  +subscript is +*, the list of array subscripts for vname is generated. For a variable that is not an array, the value is 0 if the variable is set. Otherwise it is null. When -subscript  is +subscript is @, same as above, except that when used in double quotes, each array subscript yields a separate argument. @@ -910,26 +910,26 @@ argument. -${!prefix *} +${!prefix*} Expands to the names of the variables whose names begin with prefix. -${parameter :-word } +${parameter:-word} If -parameter  is set and is non-null then substitute its value; +parameter is set and is non-null then substitute its value; otherwise substitute word. -${parameter :=word } +${parameter:=word} If -parameter  is not set or is null then set it to +parameter is not set or is null then set it to word; the value of the parameter is then substituted. Positional parameters may not be assigned to in this way. @@ -937,74 +937,74 @@ in this way. -${parameter :?word } +${parameter:?word} If -parameter  is set and is non-null then substitute its value; +parameter is set and is non-null then substitute its value; otherwise, print -word  and exit from the shell. +word and exit from the shell. If -word  is omitted then a standard message is printed. +word is omitted then a standard message is printed. -${parameter :+word } +${parameter:+word} If -parameter  is set and is non-null then substitute +parameter is set and is non-null then substitute word; otherwise substitute nothing. -${parameter :offset :length } +${parameter:offset:length} -${parameter :offset } +${parameter:offset} Expands to the portion of the value of -parameter  starting at the character determined by expanding -offset  as an arithmetic expression and consisting of the +parameter starting at the character determined by expanding +offset as an arithmetic expression and consisting of the number of characters determined by the arithmetic expression defined by length. In the second form, the remainder of the value is used. If -parameter  is +parameter is * or @, or is an array name indexed by * or @, then -offset  and -length  refer to the array index and number +offset and +length refer to the array index and number of elements respectively. -${parameter #pattern } +${parameter#pattern} -${parameter ##pattern } +${parameter##pattern} If the shell -pattern  matches the beginning of the value of +pattern matches the beginning of the value of parameter, then the value of this expansion is the value of the -parameter  with the matched portion deleted; +parameter with the matched portion deleted; otherwise the value of this -parameter  is substituted. +parameter is substituted. In the first form the smallest matching pattern is deleted and in the second form the largest matching pattern is deleted. When -parameter  is +parameter is @, *, or an array variable with subscript @, or *, the substring operation is applied to each element in turn. @@ -1012,25 +1012,25 @@ When -${parameter %pattern } +${parameter%pattern} -${parameter %%pattern } +${parameter%%pattern} If the shell -pattern  matches the end of the value of +pattern matches the end of the value of parameter, then the value of this expansion is the value of the -parameter  with the matched part deleted; +parameter with the matched part deleted; otherwise substitute the value of parameter. In the first form the smallest matching pattern is deleted and in the second form the largest matching pattern is deleted. When -parameter  is +parameter is @, *, or an array variable with subscript @, or *, the substring operation is applied to each element in turn. @@ -1038,30 +1038,30 @@ When -${parameter /pattern /string } +${parameter/pattern/string} -${parameter //pattern /string } +${parameter//pattern/string} Expands -parameter  and replaces -pattern  with the given +parameter and replaces +pattern with the given string. In the first form, only the first occurrence of -pattern  is replaced. +pattern is replaced. In the second form, each match for -pattern  is replaced by the given +pattern is replaced by the given string. When -string  is null, the -pattern  will be deleted and the +string is null, the +pattern will be deleted and the / in front of -string  may be omitted. +string may be omitted. When -parameter  is +parameter is @, *, or an array variable with subscript @, or *, the substitution operation is applied to each element in turn. @@ -1076,12 +1076,12 @@ so that, in the following example, pwd is executed only if d is not set or is null: -print ${d:- $( pwd ) } +print ${d:-$(pwd)} If the colon ( : ) is omitted from the above expressions, then the shell only checks whether -parameter  is set or not. +parameter is set or not. The following parameters @@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ KEYBDtrap. The value is set to ESC when processing a KEYBDtrap while in vi insert mode. (See -Vi Editing Mode   below.) +Vi Editing Mode below.) Otherwise, .sh.edmode is null when processing a KEYBDtrap. @@ -1342,7 +1342,7 @@ the pathname of the script that will be executed when the shell is invoked. (See -Invocation  below.) +Invocation below.) This file is typically used for alias and function definitions. @@ -1420,7 +1420,7 @@ the default editor name for the the value is the pathname of the file that will be used to store the command history. (See -Command re-entry  below.) +Command re-entry below.) @@ -1458,7 +1458,7 @@ LINESlines are filled. MAIL If this variable is set to the name of a mail file -and  the +and the MAILPATHvariable is not set, then the shell informs the user of arrival of mail in the specified file. @@ -1497,18 +1497,18 @@ and arithmetic substitution with the variable $_ defined as the name of the file that has changed. The default message is -you have mail in $_ . +you have mail in $_. PATH The search path for commands (see -Execution  below). +Execution below). The user may not change PATH if executing under rksh (except in -.profile ). +.profile). @@ -1519,8 +1519,8 @@ expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic substitution to define the primary prompt string which by default is ``$''. The character ! in the primary prompt string is replaced by the -command  number (see -Command Re-entry   below). +command number (see +Command Re-entry below). Two successive occurrences of ! will produce a single ! when the prompt string is printed. @@ -1558,7 +1558,7 @@ If omitted, the execution trace prompt is SHELL The pathname of the -shell  is kept in the environment. +shell is kept in the environment. At invocation, if the basename of this variable is rsh, rksh, or krsh, then the shell becomes restricted. @@ -1601,7 +1601,7 @@ while HOME, SHELL, ENV, and MAIL are not set at all by the shell (although -HOME is  set by +HOME is set by login(1)). On some systems MAIL and SHELL are also @@ -1614,19 +1614,19 @@ set by After parameter expansion and command substitution, the results of substitutions are scanned for the field separator characters (those found in -IFS ) +IFS) and split into distinct fields where such characters are found. -Explicit null fields ( " " or (fm (fm ) are retained. +Explicit null fields ("" or (fm(fm) are retained. Implicit null fields (those resulting from -parameters  that have no values or command substitutions with no output) are removed. +parameters that have no values or command substitutions with no output) are removed. File Name Generation. Following splitting, each field is scanned for the characters *, ?, (, and -&str.OK;  unless the +&str.OK; unless the -f option has been set. If one of these characters appears then the word is regarded as a @@ -1673,21 +1673,21 @@ uses of pattern matching the - ...  +... Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of characters separated by - matches any character lexically between the pair, inclusive. If the first character following the opening -&str.OK;  is a +&str.OK; is a ! then any character not enclosed is matched. A - can be included in the character set by putting it as the first or last character. Within -&str.OK;  and -&str.CK;  character classes can be specified with the syntax +&str.OK; and +&str.CK; character classes can be specified with the syntax [:class:] where class is one of the following: @@ -1703,35 +1703,35 @@ with a -?(pattern-list ) +?(pattern-list) Optionally matches any one of the given patterns. -*(pattern-list ) +*(pattern-list) Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns. -+(pattern-list ) ++(pattern-list) Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns. -@(pattern-list ) +@(pattern-list) Matches exactly one of the given patterns. -!(pattern-list ) +!(pattern-list) Matches anything except one of the given patterns. @@ -1742,18 +1742,18 @@ with a Quoting. Each of the -metacharacters  listed earlier (see -Definitions  above) +metacharacters listed earlier (see +Definitions above) has a special meaning to the shell and causes termination of a word unless quoted. A character may be -quoted  (i.e., made to stand for itself) +quoted (i.e., made to stand for itself) by preceding it with a \. The pair \new-line is removed. All characters enclosed between a pair of single quote marks -( ´ ´ ) +(´´) that is not preceded by a $ are quoted. A single quote cannot appear within the single quotes. @@ -1765,7 +1765,7 @@ string to be ignored and \E is equivalent to the escape character (ascii 033). Inside double quote marks -(" "), +(""), parameter and command substitution occur and \ quotes the characters \, `, ", @@ -1782,9 +1782,9 @@ where IFS variable, whereas "$@" is equivalent to "$1" "$2" -... . +.... Inside grave quote marks -(` `), +(``), \ quotes the characters \, `, and $. If the grave quotes occur within double quotes then @@ -1804,19 +1804,19 @@ arithmetic substitution, to evaluate an arithmetic command, to evaluate an indexed array subscript, and to evaluate arguments to the built-in commands -shift  and +shift and let. Evaluations are performed using double precision floating point arithmetic. Floating point constants follow the ANSI-C programming language conventions. Integer constants are of the form -&str.OK;base# &str.CK;n  +&str.OK;base#&str.CK;n where -base  is a decimal number between two and sixty-four +base is a decimal number between two and sixty-four representing the arithmetic base and -n  is a number in that base. +n is a number in that base. The digits above 9 are represented by the lower case characters, the upper case characters, @, and @@ -1824,7 +1824,7 @@ by the lower case characters, the upper case characters, For bases less than 36, upper and lower case character can be used interchangeably. If -base  is omitted +base is omitted then base 10 is used. An arithmetic expression uses the same syntax, precedence, and @@ -1845,10 +1845,10 @@ expression: abs acos asin atan cos cosh exp int log sin sinh sqrt tan tanh An internal representation of a -variable  as a double precision floating point can be specified with the --E &str.OK;n &str.CK; +variable as a double precision floating point can be specified with the +-E &str.OK;n&str.CK; or --F &str.OK;n &str.CK; +-F &str.OK;n&str.CK; option of the typeset special built-in command. The @@ -1863,8 +1863,8 @@ The optional option argument n defines the number of places after the decimal point in this case. An internal integer representation of a -variable  can be specified with the --i &str.OK;n &str.CK; +variable can be specified with the +-i &str.OK;n&str.CK; option of the typeset special built-in command. The optional option argument @@ -2131,7 +2131,7 @@ has permission to search in the directory. True, if string matches pattern. Any part of -pattern  can be quoted to cause it to be matched as a string. +pattern can be quoted to cause it to be matched as a string. @@ -2277,12 +2277,12 @@ Used to group expressions. may be redirected using a special notation interpreted by the shell. The following may appear anywhere in a simple-command or may precede or follow a -command  and are -not  passed on to the invoked command. +command and are +not passed on to the invoked command. Command substitution, parameter expansion, and arithmetic substitution occur before -word  or -digit  is used except as noted below. +word or +digit is used except as noted below. File name generation occurs only if the shell is interactive and the pattern matches a single file, @@ -2293,7 +2293,7 @@ Field splitting is not performed. < word Use file -word  as standard input (file descriptor 0). +word as standard input (file descriptor 0). @@ -2301,7 +2301,7 @@ Field splitting is not performed. > word Use file -word  as standard output (file descriptor 1). +word as standard output (file descriptor 1). If the file does not exist then it is created. If the file exists, and the noclobber option is on, @@ -2323,7 +2323,7 @@ otherwise, it is truncated to zero length. >> word Use file -word  as standard output. +word as standard output. If the file exists then output is appended to it (by first seeking to the end-of-file); otherwise, the file is created. @@ -2333,7 +2333,7 @@ otherwise, the file is created. <> word Open file -word  for reading and writing +word for reading and writing as standard input. @@ -2351,7 +2351,7 @@ called a here-document, becomes the standard input. If any character of -word  is quoted, then no interpretation +word is quoted, then no interpretation is placed upon the characters of the document; otherwise, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic substitution occur, @@ -2361,7 +2361,7 @@ and \, $, `. If - is appended to <<, then all leading tabs are stripped from -word  and from the document. +word and from the document. @@ -2371,7 +2371,7 @@ and The standard input is duplicated from file descriptor digit (see dup(2)). Similarly for the standard output using ->& digit. +>&digit. @@ -2413,15 +2413,15 @@ The shell evaluates each redirection in terms of the (file descriptor, file) association at the time of evaluation. For example: -... 1>fname  2>&1 +... 1>fname 2>&1 first associates file descriptor 1 with file -fname . It then associates file descriptor 2 with the file associated with file +fname. It then associates file descriptor 2 with the file associated with file descriptor 1 (i.e. -fname ). If the order of redirections were reversed, file descriptor 2 would be associated +fname). If the order of redirections were reversed, file descriptor 2 would be associated with the terminal (assuming file descriptor 1 had been) and then file descriptor 1 would be associated with file -fname . +fname. If a command is followed by & and job control is not active, then the default standard input @@ -2438,11 +2438,11 @@ input/output specifications. Environment. The -environment  (see +environment (see environ(7)) is a list of name-value pairs that is passed to an executed program in the same way as a normal argument list. The names must be -identifiers  and the values are character strings. +identifiers and the values are character strings. The shell interacts with the environment in several ways. On invocation, the shell scans the environment and creates a @@ -2466,7 +2466,7 @@ which must be noted in typeset -x commands. The environment for any -simple-command  or function +simple-command or function may be augmented by prefixing it with one or more variable assignments. A variable assignment argument is a word of the form identifier=value. Thus: @@ -2480,13 +2480,13 @@ TERM=450 cmd args (export TERM; TERM=450; cmd args) are equivalent (as far as the above execution of -cmd  is concerned except for special built-in commands listed below - +cmd is concerned except for special built-in commands listed below - those that are preceded with a dagger). If the obsolete -k option is set, -all  variable assignment arguments are placed in the environment, +all variable assignment arguments are placed in the environment, even if they occur after the command name. The following first prints @@ -2509,9 +2509,9 @@ It is likely to disappear someday. For historical reasons, there are two ways to define functions, the -name( ) syntax and +name() syntax and the -function name  syntax, described in the +function name syntax, described in the Commands section above. Shell functions are read in and stored internally. Alias names are resolved when the function is read. @@ -2546,7 +2546,7 @@ all functions it calls. Errors within functions return control to the caller. Functions defined with the -name( ) syntax and functions defined with the +name() syntax and functions defined with the function name syntax that are invoked with the . special built-in are executed in the caller's @@ -2717,7 +2717,7 @@ the are carried out. If the command name matches one of the -Special built-in Commands  listed below, +Special built-in Commands listed below, it is executed within the current shell process. Next, the command name is checked to see if @@ -2725,20 +2725,20 @@ it matches a user defined function. If it does, the positional parameters are saved and then reset to the arguments of the -function  call. +function call. When the -function  completes or issues a +function completes or issues a return, the positional parameter list is restored. For functions defined with the -function name  syntax, +function name syntax, any trap set on EXIT within the function is executed. The value of a -function  is the value of the last command executed. +function is the value of the last command executed. A function is also executed in the current shell process. If a command name is not a -special built-in command  or a user defined +special built-in command or a user defined function, but it is one of the built-in commands listed below it is executed in the current shell process. @@ -2798,7 +2798,7 @@ A shell can access the commands of all interactive shells which use the same named HISTFILE. The built-in command -hist  is used to list or +hist is used to list or edit a portion of this file. The portion of the file to be edited or listed can be selected by number or by giving the first character or @@ -2806,7 +2806,7 @@ characters of the command. A single command or range of commands can be specified. If you do not specify an editor program as an argument to -hist  then the value of the variable +hist then the value of the variable HISTEDIT is used. If HISTEDIT is unset, the obsolete variable @@ -3411,9 +3411,9 @@ If the line begins with a Vi Editing Mode. There are two typing modes. Initially, when you enter a command you are in the -input  mode. +input mode. To edit, the user enters -control  mode by typing ESC +control mode by typing ESC (033) and moves the cursor to the point needing correction and then inserts or deletes characters or words as needed. Most control commands accept an optional repeat @@ -3431,7 +3431,7 @@ This scheme has the advantages of canonical processing with the type-ahead echoing of raw mode. If the option -viraw  is also set, the terminal will always have canonical processing +viraw is also set, the terminal will always have canonical processing disabled. This mode is implicit for systems that do not support two alternate end of line delimiters, @@ -3889,11 +3889,11 @@ replace characters on the screen with characters you type overlay fashion. [count]_ Causes the -count  word of the previous command to be appended and +count word of the previous command to be appended and input mode entered. The last word is used if -count  is omitted. +count is omitted. @@ -3966,7 +3966,7 @@ Equivalent to Returns the command hist -e ${VISUAL:-${EDITOR:-vi}} count in the input buffer. If -count  is omitted, then the current line is used. +count is omitted, then the current line is used. @@ -4042,7 +4042,7 @@ Except for -- to indicate end of options. They also interpret the option -? as a help request and print a -usage  message +usage message on standard error. Commands that are preceded by one or two - are special built-in commands and @@ -4082,30 +4082,30 @@ performed. --: arg  ... +-: arg ... The command only expands parameters. -- . name  arg  ... +- . name arg ... If -name  is a function defined with the -function name  reserved word syntax, +name is a function defined with the +function name reserved word syntax, the function is executed in the current environment ( as if it had been defined with the name() syntax.) Otherwise if -name  refers to a file, the +name refers to a file, the file is read in its entirety and the commands are executed in the current shell environment. The search path specified by PATHis used to find the directory containing file. If any arguments -arg  are given, +arg are given, they become the positional parameters while processing the . command and are restored upon completion. @@ -4115,23 +4115,23 @@ The exit status is the exit status of the last command executed. --- alias -ptx name =value  ... +-- alias -ptx name =value ... -alias  with no arguments prints the list of aliases +alias with no arguments prints the list of aliases in the form -name=value  on standard output. +name=value on standard output. The -p option causes the word alias to be inserted before each one. When one or more arguments are given an -alias  is defined +alias is defined for each -name  whose -value  is given. +name whose +value is given. A trailing space in -value  causes the next word to be checked for +value causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution. The obsolete -t option is used to set and list tracked aliases. @@ -4142,52 +4142,52 @@ corresponding to the given Without the -t option, for each -name  in the argument list +name in the argument list for which no -value  is given, the name +value is given, the name and value of the alias is printed. The obsolete -x option has no effect. The exit status is non-zero if a -name  is given, but no value, and no alias has been defined for the -name . +name is given, but no value, and no alias has been defined for the +name. -bg job ... +bg job... This command is only on systems that support job control. Puts each specified -job  into the background. +job into the background. The current job is put in the background if -job  is not specified. +job is not specified. See Jobs for a description of the format of job. -- break n  +- break n Exit from the enclosing -for , while , until , or -select  loop, if any. +for, while, until, or +select loop, if any. If -n  is specified then break -n  levels. +n is specified then break +n levels. -builtin -ds -f file  name  ... +builtin -ds -f file name ... If -name  is not specified, the built-ins are printed on standard output. +name is not specified, the built-ins are printed on standard output. The -s option prints only the special built-ins. Otherwise, each -name  represents the pathname whose basename is the name of the built-in. +name represents the pathname whose basename is the name of the built-in. The entry point function name is determined by prepending b_ to the built-in name. Special built-ins cannot be bound to a pathname or deleted. @@ -4211,19 +4211,19 @@ error-checks the incoming arguments and then calls the real funcName -cd -LP arg  +cd -LP arg -cd -LP old  new  +cd -LP old new This command can be in either of two forms. In the first form it changes the current directory to arg. If -arg  is +arg is - the directory is changed to the previous directory. The shell @@ -4265,25 +4265,25 @@ The last instance of -P determines which method is used. The -cd  command may not be executed by -rksh . +cd command may not be executed by +rksh. -command -pvV name  arg  ... +command -pvV name arg ... Without the -v or -V options, command executes -name  with the arguments given by +name with the arguments given by arg. The -p option causes a default path to be searched rather than the one defined by the value of PATH. Functions will not be searched for when finding name. In addition, if -name  refers to a special built-in, +name refers to a special built-in, none of the special properties associated with the leading daggers will be honored. ( @@ -4301,19 +4301,19 @@ The -- continue n  +- continue n Resume the next iteration of the enclosing -for , while , until , or -select  loop. +for, while, until, or +select loop. If -n  is specified then resume at the +n is specified then resume at the n-th enclosing loop. -disown job ... +disown job... Causes the shell not to send a HUP signal to each given @@ -4324,10 +4324,10 @@ when a login shell terminates. -echo arg  ... +echo arg ... When the first -arg  does not begin with a -, and +arg does not begin with a -, and none of the arguments contain a \, then echo prints each of its arguments separated by a space @@ -4343,7 +4343,7 @@ See -- eval arg  ... +- eval arg ... The arguments are read as input to the shell @@ -4352,10 +4352,10 @@ and the resulting command(s) executed. -- exec -c -a name  arg  ... +- exec -c -a name arg ... If -arg  is given, +arg is given, the command specified by the arguments is executed in place of this shell without creating a new process. @@ -4366,13 +4366,13 @@ variable assignments associated with the The -a option causes -name  rather than the first +name rather than the first arg, to become argv[0] for the new process. Input/output arguments may appear and affect the current process. If -arg  is not given +arg is not given the effect of this command is to modify file descriptors as prescribed by the input/output redirection list. @@ -4384,13 +4384,13 @@ another program. -- exit n  +- exit n Causes the shell to exit with the exit status specified by n. The value will be the least significant 8 bits of the specified status. If -n  is omitted then the exit status is that of the last command executed. +n is omitted then the exit status is that of the last command executed. An end-of-file will also cause the shell to exit except for a shell which has the @@ -4400,10 +4400,10 @@ shell which has the --- export -p name =value  ... +-- export -p name=value ... If -name  is not given, +name is not given, the names and values of each variable with the export attribute are printed with the values quoted in a manner that allows them to be re-inputed. @@ -4414,16 +4414,16 @@ causes the word Otherwise, the given names are marked for automatic export to the -environment  of subsequently-executed commands. +environment of subsequently-executed commands. -fg job ... +fg job... This command is only on systems that support job control. Each -job  specified is brought to the foreground and waited for in +job specified is brought to the foreground and waited for in the specified order. Otherwise, the current job is brought into the foreground. @@ -4433,14 +4433,14 @@ See -getconf name  pathname  +getconf name pathname Prints the current value of the configuration parameter given by name. -getopts optstring vname  arg  ... +getopts optstring vname arg ... Checks arg for legal options. @@ -4460,7 +4460,7 @@ If a letter is followed by a The options can be separated from the argument by blanks. getopts -places the next option letter it finds inside variable vname  each time it is invoked with a +places the next option letter it finds inside variable vname each time it is invoked with a + prepended when arg begins with a +. The index of the next @@ -4490,22 +4490,22 @@ The exit status is non-zero when there are no more options. -hist -e ename  -nlr  first  last  +hist -e ename -nlr first last -hist -s old=new  command  +hist -s old=new command In the first form, a range of commands from -first  to -last  is selected from the last +first to +last is selected from the last HISTSIZE commands that were typed at the terminal. The arguments -first  and -last  may be specified as a number or as a string. +first and +last may be specified as a number or as a string. A string is used to locate the most recent command starting with the given string. A negative number is used as an offset to the current command number. @@ -4514,22 +4514,22 @@ If the is selected, the commands are listed on standard output. Otherwise, the editor program -ename  is invoked on a file containing these +ename is invoked on a file containing these keyboard commands. If -ename  is not supplied, then the value of the variable +ename is not supplied, then the value of the variable HISTEDIT is used. If HISTEDIT is not set then FCEDIT (default -/bin/ed ) is used as the editor. +/bin/ed) is used as the editor. When editing is complete, the edited command(s) is executed if the changes have been saved. If -last  is not specified +last is not specified then it will be set to first. If -first  is not specified +first is not specified the default is the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. The option @@ -4537,14 +4537,14 @@ The option the option -n suppresses command numbers when listing. In the second form the -command  is re-executed after the substitution -old =new  +command is re-executed after the substitution +old=new is performed. -jobs -lnp  job  ... +jobs -lnp job ... Lists information about each given job; or all active jobs if job is omitted. @@ -4561,19 +4561,19 @@ See -kill -s signame  job  ... +kill -s signame job ... -kill -n signum  job  ... +kill -n signum job ... -kill -l sig  ... +kill -l sig ... Sends either the TERM (terminate) signal or the specified signal to the specified jobs or processes. @@ -4591,25 +4591,25 @@ after the then the job or process will be sent a CONT (continue) signal if it is stopped. The argument -job  can be the process id of a process that is not a member of one of the +job can be the process id of a process that is not a member of one of the active jobs. See Jobs for a description of the format of job. In the third form, kill -l, if -sig  is not specified, +sig is not specified, the signal names are listed. Otherwise, for each -sig  that is a name, the corresponding signal number is listed. +sig that is a name, the corresponding signal number is listed. For each -sig  that is a number, the signal name corresponding to the +sig that is a number, the signal name corresponding to the least significant 8 bits of -sig  is listed. +sig is listed. -let arg  ... +let arg ... Each arg is a separate @@ -4624,15 +4624,15 @@ is non-zero, and 1 otherwise. -- newgrp arg  ... +- newgrp arg ... Equivalent to -exec /bin/newgrp arg  ... . +exec /bin/newgrp arg .... -print -Rnprs  -u unit  -f format  arg  ... +print -Rnprs -u unit -f format arg ... With no options or with option - or @@ -4739,20 +4739,20 @@ instead of standard output. The -u option can be used to specify a one digit file descriptor unit number -unit  on which the +unit on which the output will be placed. The default is 1. If the option -n is used, no -new-line  is added to the output. +new-line is added to the output. -printf format  arg  ... +printf format arg ... The arguments -arg  are printed on standard output +arg are printed on standard output in accordance with the ANSI-C formatting rules associated with the format string format. The following extensions can also be used: @@ -4762,14 +4762,14 @@ formatting rules associated with the format string A %b format can be used instead of %s to cause escape sequences in the corresponding -arg  to be expanded as described in +arg to be expanded as described in print. A %P format can be used instead of %s to cause -arg  to be interpreted as an extended regular +arg to be interpreted as an extended regular expression and be printed as a shell pattern. @@ -4801,7 +4801,7 @@ all symbolic links are resolved from the name. -read -Aprs  -d delim  -t timeout  -u unit  vname?prompt  vname  ... +read -Aprs -d delim -t timeout -u unit vname?prompt vname ... The shell input mechanism. One line is read and @@ -4813,7 +4813,7 @@ character and for line continuation. The -d option causes the read to continue to the first character of -delim  rather than new-line. +delim rather than new-line. In raw mode, -r, the \ character is not treated specially. @@ -4824,7 +4824,7 @@ to the second vname, etc., with leftover fields assigned to the last vname. The -A option causes the variable -vname  to be unset and each field that is read to be stored in +vname to be unset and each field that is read to be stored in successive elements of the indexed array vname. The -p option causes the input line @@ -4837,23 +4837,23 @@ the input will be saved as a command in the history file. The option -u can be used to specify a one digit file descriptor unit -unit  to read from. +unit to read from. The file descriptor can be opened with the -exec  special built-in command. +exec special built-in command. The default value of unit -n  is 0. +n is 0. The option -t is used to specify a timeout in decimal seconds when reading from a terminal or pipe. If -vname  is omitted then +vname is omitted then REPLY is used as the default vname. An end-of-file with the -p option causes cleanup for this process so that another can be spawned. If the first argument contains a ?, the remainder of this word is used as a -prompt  on standard error +prompt on standard error when the shell is interactive. The exit status is 0 unless an end-of-file is encountered or read has timed out. @@ -4861,10 +4861,10 @@ or read has timed out. --- readonly -p vname=value  ... +-- readonly -p vname=value ... If -vname  is not given +vname is not given the names and values of each variable with the readonly attribute is printed with the values quoted in a manner that allows them to be re-inputed. @@ -4881,7 +4881,7 @@ by subsequent assignment. -- return n  +- return n Causes a shell function or @@ -4891,7 +4891,7 @@ to the invoking script with the return status specified by n. The value will be the least significant 8 bits of the specified status. If -n  is omitted then the return status is that of the last command executed. +n is omitted then the return status is that of the last command executed. If return is invoked while not in a function or a @@ -4902,7 +4902,7 @@ then it behaves the same as -- set ±CPabefhkmnopstuvx ±o option  ... ±A vname  arg  ... +- set ±CPabefhkmnopstuvx ±o option ... ±A vname arg ... The options for this command have meaning as follows: @@ -5158,7 +5158,7 @@ The command vi Puts you in insert mode of a -vi  style in-line editor +vi style in-line editor until you hit escape character 033. This puts you in control mode. A return sends the line. @@ -5170,7 +5170,7 @@ A return sends the line. Each character is processed as it is typed in -vi  mode. +vi mode. @@ -5248,7 +5248,7 @@ set to the real uid and gid. As an obsolete feature, if the first -arg  is +arg is - then the -x and -v options are turned off and the next @@ -5262,7 +5262,7 @@ The current set of options may be found in -A is specified, the remaining arguments are positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to -$1 $2 ... . +$1 $2 .... If no arguments are given then the names and values of all variables are printed on the standard output. @@ -5272,23 +5272,23 @@ of all variables are printed on the standard output. -- shift n  +- shift n The positional parameters from $n+1 ... are renamed -$1 ...  +$1 ... , default -n  is 1. +n is 1. The parameter -n  can be any arithmetic expression that evaluates to a non-negative +n can be any arithmetic expression that evaluates to a non-negative number less than or equal to $#. -sleep seconds  +sleep seconds Suspends execution for the number of decimal seconds or fractions of a second given by @@ -5296,64 +5296,64 @@ second given by -- trap -p action  sig  ... +- trap -p action sig ... The -p option causes the trap action associated with each trap as specified by the arguments to be printed with appropriate quoting. Otherwise, -action  will be processed as if it were an argument to +action will be processed as if it were an argument to eval when the shell receives signal(s) sig. Each -sig  can be given as a number or as the name of the signal. +sig can be given as a number or as the name of the signal. Trap commands are executed in order of signal number. Any attempt to set a trap on a signal that was ignored on entry to the current shell is ineffective. If -action  is omitted and the first -sig  is a number, or if -action  is +action is omitted and the first +sig is a number, or if +action is -, then the trap(s) for each -sig  are reset +sig are reset to their original values. If -action  is the null +action is the null string then this signal is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If -sig  is +sig is ERR then -action  will be executed whenever a command has a non-zero exit status. +action will be executed whenever a command has a non-zero exit status. If -sig  is +sig is DEBUG then -action  will be executed before each command. +action will be executed before each command. If -sig  is +sig is 0 or EXIT and the trap statement is executed inside the body of a function, then the command -action  is executed +action is executed after the function completes. If -sig  is +sig is 0 or EXIT for a trap set outside any function then the command -action  is executed +action is executed on exit from the shell. If -sig  is +sig is KEYBD then -action  will be executed whenever a key is read +action will be executed whenever a key is read while in emacs, gmacs, or -vi  mode. +vi mode. The trap command with no arguments prints a list @@ -5362,12 +5362,12 @@ of commands associated with each signal number. --- typeset ±AHflnprtux  ±EFLRZin  vname =value    ... +-- typeset ±AHflnprtux ±EFLRZin vname=value ... Sets attributes and values for shell variables and functions. When invoked inside a function, a new instance of the variables -vname  is created. +vname is created. The variables' value and type are restored when the function completes. The following list of attributes may be specified: @@ -5377,7 +5377,7 @@ The following list of attributes may be specified: -A Declares -vname  to be an associate array. +vname to be an associate array. Subscripts are strings rather than arithmetic expressions. @@ -5387,9 +5387,9 @@ expressions. -E Declares -vname  to be a double precision floating point number. +vname to be a double precision floating point number. If -n  is non-zero it defines the number of significant figures +n is non-zero it defines the number of significant figures that are used when expanding vname. Otherwise ten significant figures will be used. @@ -5399,9 +5399,9 @@ that are used when expanding -F Declares -vname  to be a double precision floating point number. +vname to be a double precision floating point number. If -n  is non-zero it defines the number of places after the +n is non-zero it defines the number of places after the decimal point that are used when expanding vname. Otherwise ten places after the decimal point will be used. @@ -5420,7 +5420,7 @@ machines. Left justify and remove leading blanks from value. If -n  is non-zero it defines the width +n is non-zero it defines the width of the field, otherwise it is determined by the width of the value of first assignment. @@ -5437,7 +5437,7 @@ The Right justify and fill with leading blanks. If -n  is non-zero it defines the width +n is non-zero it defines the width of the field, otherwise it is determined by the width of the value of first assignment. @@ -5458,7 +5458,7 @@ the first non-blank character is a digit and the Remove leading zeros if the -L option is also set. If -n  is non-zero it defines the width +n is non-zero it defines the width of the field, otherwise it is determined by the width of the value of first assignment. @@ -5487,11 +5487,11 @@ when the function is referenced. -i Declares -vname  to be represented internally as integer. +vname to be represented internally as integer. The right hand side of an assignment is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when assigning to an integer. If -n  is non-zero it defines the output arithmetic base, +n is non-zero it defines the output arithmetic base, otherwise the the output base will be ten. @@ -5510,7 +5510,7 @@ The upper-case option, -n Declares -vname  to be a reference to the variable whose name is +vname to be a reference to the variable whose name is defined by the value of variable vname. This is usually used to reference a variable inside a function whose name has been passed as an argument. @@ -5553,7 +5553,7 @@ The lower-case option, The given vnames are marked for automatic export to the -environment  of subsequently-executed commands. +environment of subsequently-executed commands. Variables whose names contain a . can not be exported. @@ -5565,11 +5565,11 @@ can not be exported. + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. If no -vname  arguments are given +vname arguments are given a list of -vnames  (and optionally the -values ) of the -variables  is printed. +vnames (and optionally the +values) of the +variables is printed. (Using + rather than - keeps the @@ -5586,8 +5586,8 @@ which have all of the given options are printed. Otherwise, the vnames and -attributes  of all -variables  are printed. +attributes of all +variables are printed. @@ -5595,15 +5595,15 @@ Otherwise, the -ulimit -HSacdfmnpstv limit  +ulimit -HSacdfmnpstv limit Set or display a resource limit. The available resources limits are listed below. Many systems do not contain one or more of these limits. The limit for a specified resource is set when -limit  is specified. +limit is specified. The value of -limit  can be a number in the unit specified below with each resource, +limit can be a number in the unit specified below with each resource, or the value unlimited. The -H and @@ -5615,7 +5615,7 @@ If neither the H or S options is specified, the limit applies to both. The current resource limit is printed when -limit  is omitted. +limit is omitted. In this case the soft limit is printed unless H is specified. When more that one resource is specified, then the limit @@ -5700,19 +5700,19 @@ current process or by child processes (files of any size may be read). -umask -S mask  +umask -S mask The user file-creation mask is set to -mask  (see +mask (see umask(2)). mask can either be an octal number or a symbolic value as described in chmod(1). If a symbolic value is given, the new umask value is the complement of the result of applying -mask  to the complement of the previous umask value. +mask to the complement of the previous umask value. If -mask  is omitted, the current value of the mask is printed. +mask is omitted, the current value of the mask is printed. The -S option causes the mode to be printed as a symbolic value. Otherwise, the @@ -5721,12 +5721,12 @@ mask is printed in octal. -- unalias -a name  ... +- unalias -a name ... The -aliases  given by the list of +aliases given by the list of names are removed from the -alias  list. +alias list. The -a option causes all the aliases to be unset. @@ -5734,7 +5734,7 @@ aliases to be unset. --unset -fv vname  ... +-unset -fv vname ... The variables given by the list of vnames are unassigned, @@ -5744,10 +5744,10 @@ Readonly variables cannot be unset. If the -f option is set, then the names refer to -function  names. +function names. If the -v option is set, then the names refer to -variable  names. +variable names. The default is equivalent to -v. Unsetting ERRNO, LINENO, MAILCHECK, OPTARG, OPTIND, RANDOM, SECONDS, TMOUT, and @@ -5757,13 +5757,13 @@ subsequently assigned to. -wait job  ... +wait job ... Wait for the specified job and report its termination status. If -job  is not given then all currently active child processes are waited for. +job is not given then all currently active child processes are waited for. The exit status from this command is that of the last process waited for. See @@ -5772,7 +5772,7 @@ See -whence -apv name  ... +whence -apv name ... For each name, indicate how it @@ -5785,7 +5785,7 @@ produces a more verbose report. The -p option does a path search for -name  even if name is an alias, a function, or a reserved word. +name even if name is an alias, a function, or a reserved word. The -a is similar to the -v option but causes @@ -5814,14 +5814,14 @@ the value of the environment variable ENV if the file exists. If the -s option is not present and -arg  is, then a path search is performed on the first -arg  to determine the name of the script to execute. +arg is, then a path search is performed on the first +arg to determine the name of the script to execute. The script -arg  must have read permission and any +arg must have read permission and any setuid and getgid settings will be ignored. If the script is not found on the path, -arg  is processed as if it named a built-in command or function. +arg is processed as if it named a built-in command or function. Commands are then read as described below; the following option are interpreted by the shell when it is invoked: @@ -5847,7 +5847,7 @@ arguments remain then commands are read from the standard input. Shell output, except for the output of the -Special Commands  listed above, +Special Commands listed above, is written to file descriptor 2. @@ -5878,7 +5878,7 @@ In all cases, QUIT is ignored by the shell. The --I filename  option is used +-I filename option is used to generate a cross reference database that can be used by a separate utility to find definitions and references for variables and commands. @@ -5924,9 +5924,9 @@ after .profile and the When a command to be executed is found to be a shell procedure, invokes -sh } {.B rksh  +sh} {.B rksh invokes -ksh } to execute it. +ksh} to execute it. Thus, it is possible to provide to the end-user shell procedures that have access to the full power of the standard shell, @@ -5939,7 +5939,7 @@ execute permissions in the same directory. by performing guaranteed setup actions and leaving the user in an appropriate directory (probably -not  the login directory). +not the login directory). The system administrator often sets up a directory of commands @@ -6028,19 +6028,19 @@ environ(7). is executed, and then a command with the same name is installed in a directory in the search path before the directory where the original command was found, the shell will continue to -exec  the original command. +exec the original command. Use the -t option of the -alias  command to correct this situation. +alias command to correct this situation. Some very old shell scripts contain a ⁁ as a synonym for the pipe character |. Using the -hist  built-in command within a compound command will cause the whole +hist built-in command within a compound command will cause the whole command to disappear from the history file. -The built-in command . file  +The built-in command . file reads the whole file before any commands are executed. Therefore, alias and diff --git a/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/man1_dt/ksh.sgm b/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/man1_dt/ksh.sgm index 6e9e961b5..a1bc383bb 100644 --- a/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/man1_dt/ksh.sgm +++ b/cde/doc/en_US.UTF-8/guides/man/man1_dt/ksh.sgm @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ widget for information on the resources that apply to that widget. The following information describes the environment variables that dtksh uses that are in addition to those documented in the manual page for the sh command language interpreter. -Immediate Return Value ( - ) +Immediate Return Value (-) Many of the category 3 commands (as described in Return Values From Built-in Commands section) ]]>) ]]>return a single value using an environment variable specified as the first argument to the command (in the synopses for