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Figure for network traffic costs.

Fixes #55.
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Joshua Levy 2016-10-01 15:29:51 -07:00
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README.md
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@ -44,10 +44,11 @@ The Open Guide to Amazon Web Services
**Figures and Tables**
- [Tools and Services Market Landscape](#tools-and-services-market-landscape): A selection of third-party companies/products
- [Service Matrix](#service-matrix): How AWS services compare to alternatives
- [AWS Product Maturity and Releases](#aws-product-maturity-and-releases): AWS product releases
- [Storage Durability, Availability, and Price](#storage-durability-availability-and-price): A quantitative comparison
- Figure: [Tools and Services Market Landscape](#tools-and-services-market-landscape): A selection of third-party companies/products
- Table: [Service Matrix](#service-matrix): How AWS services compare to alternatives
- Table: [AWS Product Maturity and Releases](#aws-product-maturity-and-releases): AWS product releases
- Table: [Storage Durability, Availability, and Price](#storage-durability-availability-and-price): A quantitative comparison
- Figure: [AWS Data Transfer Costs](#aws-data-transfer-costs): Visual overview of data transfer costs
Why an Open Guide?
------------------
@ -272,58 +273,58 @@ Selected resources with more detail on this chart:
Its important to know the maturity of each AWS product. Here is a mostly complete list of first release date, with links to the [release notes](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/). Most recently released services are first. Not all services are available in all regions; see [this table](https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure/regional-product-services/).
| Service | Original release | Availability |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------|--------------|
| 🐥[Database Migration Service](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Database-Migration-Service?browse=1) | 2016-03 | General |
| 🐥[IoT](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/aws-iot-now-generally-available/) | 2015-08 | General |
| 🐥[WAF](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-WAF?browse=1) | 2015-10 | General |
| 🐥[Data Pipeline](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Data-Pipeline?browse=1) | 2015-10 | General |
| 🐥[Elasticsearch](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Elasticsearch-Service?browse=1) | 2015-10 | General |
| 🐥[Service Catalog](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Service-Catalog?browse=1) | 2015-07 | General |
| 🐥[CodePipeline](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-CodePipeline?browse=1) | 2015-07 | General |
| 🐥[CodeCommit](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-CodeCommit?browse=1) | 2015-07 | General |
| 🐥[API Gateway](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-API-Gateway?browse=1) | 2015-07 | General |
| 🐥[Config](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Config?browse=1) | 2015-06 | General |
| 🐥[EFS](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-EFS?browse=1) | 2015-05 | Preview |
| 🐥[Machine Learning](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AmazonML?browse=1) | 2015-04 | General |
| [Lambda](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Lambda?browse=1) | 2014-11 | General |
| [ECS](https://aws.amazon.com/ecs/release-notes/) | 2014-11 | General |
| [KMS](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-KMS?browse=1) | 2014-11 | General |
| [CodeDeploy](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-CodeDeploy?browse=1) | 2014-11 | General |
| [Kinesis](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Kinesis?browse=1) | 2013-12 | General |
| [CloudTrail](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-CloudTrail?browse=1) | 2013-11 | General |
| [AppStream](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-AppStream?browse=1) | 2013-11 | Preview |
| [CloudHSM](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-CloudHSM?browse=1) | 2013-03 | General |
| [Silk](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Silk?browse=1) | 2013-03 | Obsolete? |
| [OpsWorks](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-OpsWorks?browse=1) | 2013-02 | General |
| [Redshift](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Redshift?browse=1) | 2013-02 | General |
| [Elastic Transcoder](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Elastic-Transcoder?browse=1) | 2013-01 | General |
| [Glacier](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Glacier?browse=1) | 2012-08 | General |
| [CloudSearch](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-CloudSearch?browse=1) | 2012-04 | General |
| [SWF](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-SWF?browse=1) | 2012-02 | General |
| [Storage Gateway](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Storage-Gateway?browse=1) | 2012-01 | General |
| [DynamoDB](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-DynamoDB?browse=1) | 2012-01 | General |
| [DirectConnect](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Direct-Connect?browse=1) | 2011-08 | General |
| [ElastiCache](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-ElastiCache?browse=1) | 2011-08 | General |
| [CloudFormation](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-CloudFormation?browse=1) | 2011-04 | General |
| [SES](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-SES?browse=1) | 2011-01 | General |
| [Elastic Beanstalk](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Elastic-Beanstalk?browse=1) | 2010-12 | General |
| [Route 53](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Route-53?browse=1) | 2010-10 | General |
| [IAM](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Identity-and-Access-Management?browse=1) | 2010-09 | General |
| [SNS](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-SNS?browse=1) | 2010-04 | General |
| [EMR](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Elastic-MapReduce?browse=1) | 2010-04 | General |
| [RDS](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-RDS?browse=1) | 2009-12 | General |
| [VPC](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-VPC?browse=1) | 2009-08 | General |
| [Snowball](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-ImportExport?browse=1) | 2009-05 | General |
| [CloudWatch](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/CloudWatch?browse=1) | 2009-05 | General |
| [CloudFront](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/CloudFront?browse=1) | 2008-11 | General |
| [Fulfillment Web Service](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-FWS?browse=1) | 2008-03 | Obsolete? |
| [SimpleDB](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-SimpleDB?browse=1) | 2007-12 | ⚠️[Nearly obsolete](https://forums.aws.amazon.com/thread.jspa?threadID=121711) |
| [DevPay](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/DevPay?browse=1) | 2007-12 | General |
| [Flexible Payments Service](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-FPS?browse=1) | 2007-08 | Retired |
| [EC2](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-EC2?browse=1) | 2006-08 | General |
| [SQS](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-SQS?browse=1) | 2006-07 | General |
| [S3](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-S3?browse=1) | 2006-03 | General |
| Service | Original release | Availability |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 🐥[Database Migration Service](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Database-Migration-Service?browse=1) | 2016-03 | General |
| 🐥[IoT](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/aws-iot-now-generally-available/) | 2015-08 | General |
| 🐥[WAF](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-WAF?browse=1) | 2015-10 | General |
| 🐥[Data Pipeline](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Data-Pipeline?browse=1) | 2015-10 | General |
| 🐥[Elasticsearch](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Elasticsearch-Service?browse=1) | 2015-10 | General |
| 🐥[Service Catalog](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Service-Catalog?browse=1) | 2015-07 | General |
| 🐥[CodePipeline](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-CodePipeline?browse=1) | 2015-07 | General |
| 🐥[CodeCommit](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-CodeCommit?browse=1) | 2015-07 | General |
| 🐥[API Gateway](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-API-Gateway?browse=1) | 2015-07 | General |
| 🐥[Config](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Config?browse=1) | 2015-06 | General |
| 🐥[EFS](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-EFS?browse=1) | 2015-05 | Preview |
| 🐥[Machine Learning](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AmazonML?browse=1) | 2015-04 | General |
| [Lambda](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Lambda?browse=1) | 2014-11 | General |
| [ECS](https://aws.amazon.com/ecs/release-notes/) | 2014-11 | General |
| [KMS](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-KMS?browse=1) | 2014-11 | General |
| [CodeDeploy](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-CodeDeploy?browse=1) | 2014-11 | General |
| [Kinesis](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Kinesis?browse=1) | 2013-12 | General |
| [CloudTrail](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-CloudTrail?browse=1) | 2013-11 | General |
| [AppStream](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-AppStream?browse=1) | 2013-11 | Preview |
| [CloudHSM](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-CloudHSM?browse=1) | 2013-03 | General |
| [Silk](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Silk?browse=1) | 2013-03 | Obsolete? |
| [OpsWorks](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-OpsWorks?browse=1) | 2013-02 | General |
| [Redshift](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Redshift?browse=1) | 2013-02 | General |
| [Elastic Transcoder](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Elastic-Transcoder?browse=1) | 2013-01 | General |
| [Glacier](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Glacier?browse=1) | 2012-08 | General |
| [CloudSearch](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-CloudSearch?browse=1) | 2012-04 | General |
| [SWF](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-SWF?browse=1) | 2012-02 | General |
| [Storage Gateway](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Storage-Gateway?browse=1) | 2012-01 | General |
| [DynamoDB](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-DynamoDB?browse=1) | 2012-01 | General |
| [DirectConnect](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Direct-Connect?browse=1) | 2011-08 | General |
| [ElastiCache](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-ElastiCache?browse=1) | 2011-08 | General |
| [CloudFormation](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-CloudFormation?browse=1) | 2011-04 | General |
| [SES](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-SES?browse=1) | 2011-01 | General |
| [Elastic Beanstalk](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Elastic-Beanstalk?browse=1) | 2010-12 | General |
| [Route 53](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-Route-53?browse=1) | 2010-10 | General |
| [IAM](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-Identity-and-Access-Management?browse=1) | 2010-09 | General |
| [SNS](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-SNS?browse=1) | 2010-04 | General |
| [EMR](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Elastic-MapReduce?browse=1) | 2010-04 | General |
| [RDS](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-RDS?browse=1) | 2009-12 | General |
| [VPC](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-VPC?browse=1) | 2009-08 | General |
| [Snowball](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/AWS-ImportExport?browse=1) | 2009-05 | General |
| [CloudWatch](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/CloudWatch?browse=1) | 2009-05 | General |
| [CloudFront](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/CloudFront?browse=1) | 2008-11 | General |
| [Fulfillment Web Service](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-FWS?browse=1) | 2008-03 | Obsolete? |
| [SimpleDB](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-SimpleDB?browse=1) | 2007-12 | ⚠️[Nearly obsolete](https://forums.aws.amazon.com/thread.jspa?threadID=121711) |
| [DevPay](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/DevPay?browse=1) | 2007-12 | General |
| [Flexible Payments Service](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-FPS?browse=1) | 2007-08 | Retired |
| [EC2](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-EC2?browse=1) | 2006-08 | General |
| [SQS](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-SQS?browse=1) | 2006-07 | General |
| [S3](https://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-S3?browse=1) | 2006-03 | General |
### Compliance
@ -461,7 +462,6 @@ This guide is about AWS, not DevOps or server configuration management in genera
- **NTP and accurate time:** If you are not using Amazon Linux (which comes preconfigured), you should confirm your servers [configure NTP correctly](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/set-time.html#configure_ntp), to avoid insidious time drift (which can then cause all sorts of issues, from breaking API calls to misleading logs). This should be part of your automatic configuration for every server. If time has already drifted substantially (generally >1000 seconds), remember NTP wont shift shift it back, so you may need to remediate manually (for example, [like this](http://askubuntu.com/questions/254826/how-to-force-a-clock-update-using-ntp) on Ubuntu).
Security and IAM
----------------
@ -1226,6 +1226,16 @@ Billing and Cost Management
- If you need to do custom analysis of raw billing data or want to feed it to a third party cost analysis service, [enable](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/awsaccountbilling/latest/aboutv2/detailed-billing-reports.html#turnonreports) the [detailed billing report](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/awsaccountbilling/latest/aboutv2/detailed-billing-reports.html#detailed-billing-report) feature.
- Multiple Amazon accounts can be linked for billing purposes using the [Consolidated Billing](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/awsaccountbilling/latest/aboutv2/consolidated-billing.html) feature. Large enterprises may need complex billing structures depending on ownership and approval processes.
### AWS Data Transfer Costs
- For deployments that involve significant network traffic, a large fraction of AWS expenses are around data transfer. Furthermore, costs of data transfer, within AZs, within regions, between regions, and into and out of AWS and the internet vary significantly depending on deployment choices.
- The figure gives an overview.
- Some of the most common gotchas:
- 🔸*AZ-to-AZ traffic:* Note EC2 traffic between AZs is effectively the same as between regions. For example, deploying a Cassandra cluster across AZs is helpful for [high availability](#high-availability), but can hurt on network costs.
- 🔸*Using public IPs when not necessary:* If you use an Elastic IP or public IP address of an EC2 instance, you will incur network costs, even if it is accessed locally within the AZ.
![AWS Data Transfer Costs](figures/aws-data-transfer-costs.png)
### EC2 Cost Management
- With EC2, there is a trade-off between engineering effort (more analysis, more tools, more complex architectures) and spend rate on AWS. If your EC2 costs are small, many of the efforts here are not worth the engineering time required to make them work. But once you know your costs will be growing in excess of an engineers salary, serious investment is often worthwhile.

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