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- 📒 [Homepage](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/) ∙ [Documentation](https://aws.amazon.com/documentation/ec2/) ∙ [FAQ](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/faqs/) ∙ [Pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/) (see also [ec2instances.info](http://www.ec2instances.info/)\)
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- 📒 [Homepage](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/) ∙ [Documentation](https://aws.amazon.com/documentation/ec2/) ∙ [FAQ](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/faqs/) ∙ [Pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/) (see also [ec2instances.info](http://www.ec2instances.info/)\)
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- **EC2** (Elastic Compute Cloud) is AWS’ offering of the most fundamental piece of cloud computing: A [virtual private server](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server). These “instances” and can run [most Linux, BSD, and Windows operating systems](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/faqs/#What_operating_system_environments_are_supported). Internally, they use [Xen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen) virtualization.
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- **EC2** (Elastic Compute Cloud) is AWS’ offering of the most fundamental piece of cloud computing: A [virtual private server](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server). These “instances” and can run [most Linux, BSD, and Windows operating systems](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/faqs/#What_operating_system_environments_are_supported). Internally, they use [Xen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen) virtualization.
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- The term “EC2” is sometimes used to refer to the servers themselves, but technically refers more broadly to a whole collection of supporting services, too, like load balancing (CLBs/ALBs), IP addresses (EIPs), bootable images (AMIs), security groups, and network drives (EBS) (which we discuss individually in this guide).
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- The term “EC2” is sometimes used to refer to the servers themselves, but technically refers more broadly to a whole collection of supporting services, too, like load balancing (CLBs/ALBs), IP addresses (EIPs), bootable images (AMIs), security groups, and network drives (EBS) (which we discuss individually in this guide).
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- 💸[EC2 pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/) is a complicated topic. It can range from free (on the [AWS free tier](https://aws.amazon.com/free/)) to a lot, depending on your usage of course. Pricing is by instance type, by hour and changes depending on AWS region and whether you are purchasing your instances [on-demand](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/on-demand/), on the [spot-market](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/spot/) or pre-purchasing ([reserved instances](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/reserved-instances/)). The website [http://www.ec2instances.info/](http://www.ec2instances.info/) is particularly good for comparing instance types.
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- 💸**[EC2 pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/)** and **[cost management](#ec2-cost-management)** is a complicated topic. It can range from free (on the [AWS free tier](https://aws.amazon.com/free/)) to a lot, depending on your usage. Pricing is by instance type, by hour and changes depending on AWS region and whether you are purchasing your instances [On-Demand](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/on-demand/), on the [Spot market](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/spot/) or pre-purchasing ([Reserved Instances](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/reserved-instances/)).
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### EC2 Alternatives and Lock-In
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### EC2 Alternatives and Lock-In
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- Selecting instance types is complex since there are so many types. Additionally, there are different generations, released [over the years](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/ec2-instance-history/).
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- Selecting instance types is complex since there are so many types. Additionally, there are different generations, released [over the years](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/ec2-instance-history/).
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- 🔹Use the list at [**ec2instances.info**](http://www.ec2instances.info/) to review costs and features. [Amazon’s own list](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/) of instance types is hard to use, and doesn’t list features and price together, which makes it doubly difficult.
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- 🔹Use the list at [**ec2instances.info**](http://www.ec2instances.info/) to review costs and features. [Amazon’s own list](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/) of instance types is hard to use, and doesn’t list features and price together, which makes it doubly difficult.
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- Prices vary a lot, so use [**ec2instances.info**](http://www.ec2instances.info/) to determine the set of machines that meet your needs and [**ec2price.com**](http://ec2price.com/) to find the cheapest type in the region you’re working in. Depending on the timing and region, it might be much cheaper to rent an instance with *more* memory or CPU than the bare minimum.
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- Prices vary a lot, so use [**ec2instances.info**](http://www.ec2instances.info/) to determine the set of machines that meet your needs and [**ec2price.com**](http://ec2price.com/) to find the cheapest type in the region you’re working in. Depending on the timing and region, it might be much cheaper to rent an instance with *more* memory or CPU than the bare minimum.
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- Turn off your instances when they aren't in use. For multiple workloads/environments, you don't need your EC2 instances on 24/7. Given that costs are calculated based on hourly usage, this is a simple mechanism for cost savings. This can be achieved using [Lambda and CloudWatch](https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/start-stop-lambda-cloudwatch/), an open source solution like [Scalr](https://github.com/Scalr/scalr) or a SaaS provider like [GorillaStack](www.gorillastack.com).
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- **Turn off** your instances when they aren't in use. For many situations such as testing or staging resources, you may not need your instances on 24/7, and you won't need to pay EC2 hourly costs when they are suspended. Given that costs are calculated based on hourly usage, this is a simple mechanism for cost savings. This can be achieved using [Lambda and CloudWatch](https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/start-stop-lambda-cloudwatch/), an open source solution like [Scalr](https://github.com/Scalr/scalr) or a SaaS provider like [GorillaStack](https://www.gorillastack.com).
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- [**Dedicated instances**](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/purchasing-options/dedicated-instances/) and [**dedicated hosts**](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/dedicated-hosts/) are assigned hardware, instead of usual virtual instances. They are more expensive than virtual instances but [can be preferable](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/dedicated-hosts/) for performance, compliance, or licensing reasons.
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- [**Dedicated instances**](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/purchasing-options/dedicated-instances/) and [**dedicated hosts**](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/dedicated-hosts/) are assigned hardware, instead of usual virtual instances. They are more expensive than virtual instances but [can be preferable](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/dedicated-hosts/) for performance, compliance, or licensing reasons.
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- **32 bit vs 64 bit:** A few micro, small, and medium instances are still available to use as 32-bit architecture. You’ll be using 64-bit EC2 (“amd64”) instances nowadays, though smaller instances still support 32 bit (“i386”). Use 64 bit unless you have legacy constraints or other good reasons to use 32.
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- **32 bit vs 64 bit:** A few micro, small, and medium instances are still available to use as 32-bit architecture. You’ll be using 64-bit EC2 (“amd64”) instances nowadays, though smaller instances still support 32 bit (“i386”). Use 64 bit unless you have legacy constraints or other good reasons to use 32.
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- **HVM vs PV:** There are two kinds of virtualization technology used by EC2, [hardware virtual machine (HVM) and paravirtual (PV)](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/virtualization_types.html). Historically, PV was the usual type, but [now HVM is becoming the standard](https://www.opswat.com/blog/aws-2015-why-you-need-switch-pv-hvm). If you want to use the newest instance types, you must use HVM. See the [instance type matrix](https://aws.amazon.com/amazon-linux-ami/instance-type-matrix/) for details.
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- **HVM vs PV:** There are two kinds of virtualization technology used by EC2, [hardware virtual machine (HVM) and paravirtual (PV)](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/virtualization_types.html). Historically, PV was the usual type, but [now HVM is becoming the standard](https://www.opswat.com/blog/aws-2015-why-you-need-switch-pv-hvm). If you want to use the newest instance types, you must use HVM. See the [instance type matrix](https://aws.amazon.com/amazon-linux-ami/instance-type-matrix/) for details.
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