diff --git a/trunk/src/rtmp/srs_protocol_handshake.cpp b/trunk/src/rtmp/srs_protocol_handshake.cpp
index a26ce2fa0..807208c99 100644
--- a/trunk/src/rtmp/srs_protocol_handshake.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/rtmp/srs_protocol_handshake.cpp
@@ -515,184 +515,29 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         }
     }
     
-    void __srs_time_copy_to(char*& pp, int32_t time)
-    {
-        // 4bytes time
-        __srs_stream_write_4bytes(pp, time);
-        pp += 4;
-    }
-    void __srs_version_copy_to(char*& pp, int32_t version)
-    {
-        // 4bytes version
-        __srs_stream_write_4bytes(pp, version);
-        pp += 4;
-    }
-    void __srs_key_copy_to(char*& pp, key_block* key)
-    {
-        // 764bytes key block
-        if (key->random0_size > 0) {
-            memcpy(pp, key->random0, key->random0_size);
-        }
-        pp += key->random0_size;
-        
-        memcpy(pp, key->key, sizeof(key->key));
-        pp += sizeof(key->key);
-        
-        if (key->random1_size > 0) {
-            memcpy(pp, key->random1, key->random1_size);
-        }
-        pp += key->random1_size;
-        
-        __srs_stream_write_4bytes(pp, key->offset);
-        pp += 4;
-    }
-    void __srs_digest_copy_to(char*& pp, digest_block* digest, bool with_digest)
-    {
-        // 732bytes digest block without the 32bytes digest-data
-        // nbytes digest block part1
-        __srs_stream_write_4bytes(pp, digest->offset);
-        pp += 4;
-        
-        // digest random padding.
-        if (digest->random0_size > 0) {
-            memcpy(pp, digest->random0, digest->random0_size);
-        }
-        pp += digest->random0_size;
-        
-        // digest
-        if (with_digest) {
-            memcpy(pp, digest->digest, 32);
-            pp += 32;
-        }
-        
-        // nbytes digest block part2
-        if (digest->random1_size > 0) {
-            memcpy(pp, digest->random1, digest->random1_size);
-        }
-        pp += digest->random1_size;
-    }
-    
-    /**
-    * copy whole c1s1 to bytes.
-    */
-    void srs_schema0_copy_to(char* bytes, bool with_digest, 
-        int32_t time, int32_t version, key_block* key, digest_block* digest)
-    {
-        char* pp = bytes;
-    
-        __srs_time_copy_to(pp, time);
-        __srs_version_copy_to(pp, version);
-        __srs_key_copy_to(pp, key);
-        __srs_digest_copy_to(pp, digest, with_digest);
-        
-        if (with_digest) {
-            srs_assert(pp - bytes == 1536);
-        } else {
-            srs_assert(pp - bytes == 1536 - 32);
-        }
-    }
-    void srs_schema1_copy_to(char* bytes, bool with_digest, 
-        int32_t time, int32_t version, digest_block* digest, key_block* key)
-    {
-        char* pp = bytes;
-    
-        __srs_time_copy_to(pp, time);
-        __srs_version_copy_to(pp, version);
-        __srs_digest_copy_to(pp, digest, with_digest);
-        __srs_key_copy_to(pp, key);
-        
-        if (with_digest) {
-            srs_assert(pp - bytes == 1536);
-        } else {
-            srs_assert(pp - bytes == 1536 - 32);
-        }
-    }
-    
-    /**
-    * c1s1 is splited by digest:
-    *     c1s1-part1: n bytes (time, version, key and digest-part1).
-    *     digest-data: 32bytes
-    *     c1s1-part2: (1536-n-32)bytes (digest-part2)
-    */
-    char* srs_bytes_join_schema0(int32_t time, int32_t version, key_block* key, digest_block* digest)
-    {
-        char* bytes = new char[1536 -32];
-        
-        srs_schema0_copy_to(bytes, false, time, version, key, digest);
-        
-        return bytes;
-    }
-    
-    /**
-    * c1s1 is splited by digest:
-    *     c1s1-part1: n bytes (time, version and digest-part1).
-    *     digest-data: 32bytes
-    *     c1s1-part2: (1536-n-32)bytes (digest-part2 and key)
-    */
-    char* srs_bytes_join_schema1(int32_t time, int32_t version, digest_block* digest, key_block* key)
-    {
-        char* bytes = new char[1536 -32];
-        
-        srs_schema1_copy_to(bytes, false, time, version, digest, key);
-        
-        return bytes;
-    }
-    
     c1s1_strategy::c1s1_strategy()
-    {
-    }
-    
-    c1s1_strategy::~c1s1_strategy()
-    {
-    }
-    
-    c1s1_strategy_schema0::c1s1_strategy_schema0()
     {
         key.init();
         digest.init();
     }
     
-    c1s1_strategy_schema0::~c1s1_strategy_schema0()
+    c1s1_strategy::~c1s1_strategy()
     {
         key.free();
         digest.free();
     }
     
-    srs_schema_type c1s1_strategy_schema0::schema()
-    {
-        return srs_schema0;
-    }
-    
-    char* c1s1_strategy_schema0::get_digest()
+    char* c1s1_strategy::get_digest()
     {
         return digest.digest;
     }
     
-    void c1s1_strategy_schema0::dump(c1s1* owner, char* _c1s1)
+    void c1s1_strategy::dump(c1s1* owner, char* _c1s1)
     {
-        srs_schema0_copy_to(_c1s1, true, owner->time, owner->version, &key, &digest);
+        copy_to(owner, _c1s1, true);
     }
     
-    int c1s1_strategy_schema0::parse(char* _c1s1)
-    {
-        int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
-        
-        if ((ret = key.parse(_c1s1 + 8)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-            srs_error("parse the c1 key failed. ret=%d", ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-        
-        if ((ret = digest.parse(_c1s1 + 8 + 764)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-            srs_error("parse the c1 digest failed. ret=%d", ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-        
-        srs_verbose("parse c1 key-digest success");
-        
-        return ret;
-    }
-    
-    int c1s1_strategy_schema0::c1_create(c1s1* owner)
+    int c1s1_strategy::c1_create(c1s1* owner)
     {
         int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
         
@@ -712,7 +557,7 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         return ret;
     }
     
-    int c1s1_strategy_schema0::c1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid)
+    int c1s1_strategy::c1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid)
     {
         int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
         
@@ -731,7 +576,7 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         return ret;
     }
     
-    int c1s1_strategy_schema0::s1_create(c1s1* owner)
+    int c1s1_strategy::s1_create(c1s1* owner)
     {
         int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
 
@@ -769,7 +614,7 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         return ret;
     }
     
-    int c1s1_strategy_schema0::s1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid)
+    int c1s1_strategy::s1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid)
     {
         int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
         
@@ -788,16 +633,20 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         return ret;
     }
     
-    int c1s1_strategy_schema0::calc_c1_digest(c1s1* owner, char*& c1_digest)
+    int c1s1_strategy::calc_c1_digest(c1s1* owner, char*& c1_digest)
     {
         int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
 
-        char* c1s1_joined_bytes = NULL;
-    
-        c1s1_joined_bytes = srs_bytes_join_schema0(owner->time, owner->version, &key, &digest);
-        
-        srs_assert(c1s1_joined_bytes != NULL);
+        /**
+        * c1s1 is splited by digest:
+        *     c1s1-part1: n bytes (time, version, key and digest-part1).
+        *     digest-data: 32bytes
+        *     c1s1-part2: (1536-n-32)bytes (digest-part2)
+        * @return a new allocated bytes, user must free it.
+        */
+        char* c1s1_joined_bytes = new char[1536 -32];
         SrsAutoFree(char, c1s1_joined_bytes);
+        copy_to(owner, c1s1_joined_bytes, false);
         
         c1_digest = new char[__SRS_OpensslHashSize];
         if ((ret = openssl_HMACsha256(SrsGenuineFPKey, 30, c1s1_joined_bytes, 1536 - 32, c1_digest)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
@@ -810,16 +659,20 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         return ret;
     }
     
-    int c1s1_strategy_schema0::calc_s1_digest(c1s1* owner, char*& s1_digest)
+    int c1s1_strategy::calc_s1_digest(c1s1* owner, char*& s1_digest)
     {
         int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
-        
-        char* c1s1_joined_bytes = NULL;
-    
-        c1s1_joined_bytes = srs_bytes_join_schema0(owner->time, owner->version, &key, &digest);
-        
-        srs_assert(c1s1_joined_bytes != NULL);
+
+        /**
+        * c1s1 is splited by digest:
+        *     c1s1-part1: n bytes (time, version, key and digest-part1).
+        *     digest-data: 32bytes
+        *     c1s1-part2: (1536-n-32)bytes (digest-part2)
+        * @return a new allocated bytes, user must free it.
+        */
+        char* c1s1_joined_bytes = new char[1536 -32];
         SrsAutoFree(char, c1s1_joined_bytes);
+        copy_to(owner, c1s1_joined_bytes, false);
         
         s1_digest = new char[__SRS_OpensslHashSize];
         if ((ret = openssl_HMACsha256(SrsGenuineFMSKey, 36, c1s1_joined_bytes, 1536 - 32, s1_digest)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
@@ -832,16 +685,113 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         return ret;
     }
     
+    void c1s1_strategy::copy_time_version(char*& pp, c1s1* owner)
+    {
+        // 4bytes time
+        __srs_stream_write_4bytes(pp, owner->time);
+        pp += 4;
+        // 4bytes version
+        __srs_stream_write_4bytes(pp, owner->version);
+        pp += 4;
+    }
+    void c1s1_strategy::copy_key(char*& pp)
+    {
+        // 764bytes key block
+        if (key.random0_size > 0) {
+            memcpy(pp, key.random0, key.random0_size);
+        }
+        pp += key.random0_size;
+        
+        memcpy(pp, key.key, sizeof(key.key));
+        pp += sizeof(key.key);
+        
+        if (key.random1_size > 0) {
+            memcpy(pp, key.random1, key.random1_size);
+        }
+        pp += key.random1_size;
+        
+        __srs_stream_write_4bytes(pp, key.offset);
+        pp += 4;
+    }
+    void c1s1_strategy::digest_key(char*& pp, bool with_digest)
+    {
+        // 732bytes digest block without the 32bytes digest-data
+        // nbytes digest block part1
+        __srs_stream_write_4bytes(pp, digest.offset);
+        pp += 4;
+        
+        // digest random padding.
+        if (digest.random0_size > 0) {
+            memcpy(pp, digest.random0, digest.random0_size);
+        }
+        pp += digest.random0_size;
+        
+        // digest
+        if (with_digest) {
+            memcpy(pp, digest.digest, 32);
+            pp += 32;
+        }
+        
+        // nbytes digest block part2
+        if (digest.random1_size > 0) {
+            memcpy(pp, digest.random1, digest.random1_size);
+        }
+        pp += digest.random1_size;
+    }
+    
+    c1s1_strategy_schema0::c1s1_strategy_schema0()
+    {
+    }
+    
+    c1s1_strategy_schema0::~c1s1_strategy_schema0()
+    {
+    }
+    
+    srs_schema_type c1s1_strategy_schema0::schema()
+    {
+        return srs_schema0;
+    }
+    
+    int c1s1_strategy_schema0::parse(char* _c1s1)
+    {
+        int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
+        
+        if ((ret = key.parse(_c1s1 + 8)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+            srs_error("parse the c1 key failed. ret=%d", ret);
+            return ret;
+        }
+        
+        if ((ret = digest.parse(_c1s1 + 8 + 764)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+            srs_error("parse the c1 digest failed. ret=%d", ret);
+            return ret;
+        }
+        
+        srs_verbose("parse c1 key-digest success");
+        
+        return ret;
+    }
+    
+    void c1s1_strategy_schema0::copy_to(c1s1* owner, char* bytes, bool with_digest)
+    {
+        char* pp = bytes;
+    
+        copy_time_version(pp, owner);
+        copy_key(pp);
+        digest_key(pp, with_digest);
+        
+        if (with_digest) {
+            srs_assert(pp - bytes == 1536);
+        } else {
+            srs_assert(pp - bytes == 1536 - 32);
+        }
+    }
+    
     c1s1_strategy_schema1::c1s1_strategy_schema1()
     {
-        key.init();
-        digest.init();
     }
     
     c1s1_strategy_schema1::~c1s1_strategy_schema1()
     {
-        key.free();
-        digest.free();
     }
     
     srs_schema_type c1s1_strategy_schema1::schema()
@@ -849,16 +799,6 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         return srs_schema1;
     }
     
-    char* c1s1_strategy_schema1::get_digest()
-    {
-        return digest.digest;
-    }
-    
-    void c1s1_strategy_schema1::dump(c1s1* owner, char* _c1s1)
-    {
-        srs_schema0_copy_to(_c1s1, true, owner->time, owner->version, &key, &digest);
-    }
-    
     int c1s1_strategy_schema1::parse(char* _c1s1)
     {
         int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
@@ -878,143 +818,19 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         return ret;
     }
     
-    int c1s1_strategy_schema1::c1_create(c1s1* owner)
+    void c1s1_strategy_schema1::copy_to(c1s1* owner, char* bytes, bool with_digest)
     {
-        int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
-        
-        // generate digest
-        char* c1_digest = NULL;
-        
-        if ((ret = calc_c1_digest(owner, c1_digest)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-            srs_error("sign c1 error, failed to calc digest. ret=%d", ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-        
-        srs_assert(c1_digest != NULL);
-        SrsAutoFree(char, c1_digest);
-        
-        memcpy(digest.digest, c1_digest, 32);
-        
-        return ret;
-    }
+        char* pp = bytes;
     
-    int c1s1_strategy_schema1::c1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid)
-    {
-        int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
+        copy_time_version(pp, owner);
+        digest_key(pp, with_digest);
+        copy_key(pp);
         
-        char* c1_digest = NULL;
-        
-        if ((ret = calc_c1_digest(owner, c1_digest)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-            srs_error("validate c1 error, failed to calc digest. ret=%d", ret);
-            return ret;
+        if (with_digest) {
+            srs_assert(pp - bytes == 1536);
+        } else {
+            srs_assert(pp - bytes == 1536 - 32);
         }
-        
-        srs_assert(c1_digest != NULL);
-        SrsAutoFree(char, c1_digest);
-        
-        is_valid = srs_bytes_equals(digest.digest, c1_digest, 32);
-        
-        return ret;
-    }
-    
-    int c1s1_strategy_schema1::s1_create(c1s1* owner)
-    {
-        int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
-
-        SrsDH dh;
-        
-        // ensure generate 128bytes public key.
-        if ((ret = dh.initialize(true)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-            return ret;
-        }
-        
-        // directly generate the public key.
-        // @see: https://github.com/winlinvip/simple-rtmp-server/issues/148
-        int pkey_size = 128;
-        if ((ret = dh.copy_public_key(key.key, pkey_size)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-            srs_error("calc s1 key failed. ret=%d", ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-        srs_assert(pkey_size == 128);
-        srs_verbose("calc s1 key success.");
-            
-        char* s1_digest = NULL;
-        if ((ret = calc_s1_digest(owner, s1_digest))  != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-            srs_error("calc s1 digest failed. ret=%d", ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-        srs_verbose("calc s1 digest success.");
-        
-        srs_assert(s1_digest != NULL);
-        SrsAutoFree(char, s1_digest);
-        
-        memcpy(digest.digest, s1_digest, 32);
-        srs_verbose("copy s1 key success.");
-        
-        return ret;
-    }
-    
-    int c1s1_strategy_schema1::s1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid)
-    {
-        int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
-        
-        char* s1_digest = NULL;
-        
-        if ((ret = calc_s1_digest(owner, s1_digest)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-            srs_error("validate s1 error, failed to calc digest. ret=%d", ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-        
-        srs_assert(s1_digest != NULL);
-        SrsAutoFree(char, s1_digest);
-        
-        is_valid = srs_bytes_equals(digest.digest, s1_digest, 32);
-        
-        return ret;
-    }
-    
-    int c1s1_strategy_schema1::calc_c1_digest(c1s1* owner, char*& c1_digest)
-    {
-        int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
-
-        char* c1s1_joined_bytes = NULL;
-    
-        c1s1_joined_bytes = srs_bytes_join_schema1(owner->time, owner->version, &digest, &key);
-        
-        srs_assert(c1s1_joined_bytes != NULL);
-        SrsAutoFree(char, c1s1_joined_bytes);
-        
-        c1_digest = new char[__SRS_OpensslHashSize];
-        if ((ret = openssl_HMACsha256(SrsGenuineFPKey, 30, c1s1_joined_bytes, 1536 - 32, c1_digest)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-            srs_freep(c1_digest);
-            srs_error("calc digest for c1 failed. ret=%d", ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-        srs_verbose("digest calculated for c1");
-        
-        return ret;
-    }
-    
-    int c1s1_strategy_schema1::calc_s1_digest(c1s1* owner, char*& s1_digest)
-    {
-        int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
-        
-        char* c1s1_joined_bytes = NULL;
-    
-        c1s1_joined_bytes = srs_bytes_join_schema1(owner->time, owner->version, &digest, &key);
-        
-        srs_assert(c1s1_joined_bytes != NULL);
-        SrsAutoFree(char, c1s1_joined_bytes);
-        
-        s1_digest = new char[__SRS_OpensslHashSize];
-        if ((ret = openssl_HMACsha256(SrsGenuineFMSKey, 36, c1s1_joined_bytes, 1536 - 32, s1_digest)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-            srs_freep(s1_digest);
-            srs_error("calc digest for s1 failed. ret=%d", ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-        srs_verbose("digest calculated for s1");
-
-        return ret;
     }
     
     c2s2::c2s2()
diff --git a/trunk/src/rtmp/srs_protocol_handshake.hpp b/trunk/src/rtmp/srs_protocol_handshake.hpp
index ad72486bf..871723298 100644
--- a/trunk/src/rtmp/srs_protocol_handshake.hpp
+++ b/trunk/src/rtmp/srs_protocol_handshake.hpp
@@ -193,32 +193,6 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         void free();
     };
     
-    /**
-    * copy whole c1s1 to bytes.
-    */
-    void srs_schema0_copy_to(char* bytes, bool with_digest, 
-        int32_t time, int32_t version, key_block* key, digest_block* digest);
-    void srs_schema1_copy_to(char* bytes, bool with_digest, 
-        int32_t time, int32_t version, digest_block* digest, key_block* key);
-    
-    /**
-    * c1s1 is splited by digest:
-    *     c1s1-part1: n bytes (time, version, key and digest-part1).
-    *     digest-data: 32bytes
-    *     c1s1-part2: (1536-n-32)bytes (digest-part2)
-    * @return a new allocated bytes, user must free it.
-    */
-    char* srs_bytes_join_schema0(int32_t time, int32_t version, key_block* key, digest_block* digest);
-    
-    /**
-    * c1s1 is splited by digest:
-    *     c1s1-part1: n bytes (time, version and digest-part1).
-    *     digest-data: 32bytes
-    *     c1s1-part2: (1536-n-32)bytes (digest-part2 and key)
-    * @return a new allocated bytes, user must free it.
-    */
-    char* srs_bytes_join_schema1(int32_t time, int32_t version, digest_block* digest, key_block* key);
-    
     class c1s1;
     
     /**
@@ -228,6 +202,9 @@ namespace _srs_internal
     */
     class c1s1_strategy
     {
+    protected:
+        key_block key;
+        digest_block digest;
     public:
         c1s1_strategy();
         virtual ~c1s1_strategy();
@@ -239,11 +216,11 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         /**
         * get the digest key.
         */
-        virtual char* get_digest() = 0;
+        virtual char* get_digest();
         /**
         * copy to bytes.
         */
-        virtual void dump(c1s1* owner, char* _c1s1) = 0;
+        virtual void dump(c1s1* owner, char* _c1s1);
         /**
         * server: parse the c1s1, discovery the key and digest by schema.
         * use the c1_validate_digest() to valid the digest of c1.
@@ -265,19 +242,29 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         *        digest-data = calc_c1_digest(c1, schema)
         *        copy digest-data to c1
         */
-        virtual int c1_create(c1s1* owner) = 0;
+        virtual int c1_create(c1s1* owner);
         /**
         * server: validate the parsed c1 schema
         */
-        virtual int c1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid) = 0;
+        virtual int c1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid);
         /**
         * server: create and sign the s1 from c1.
         */
-        virtual int s1_create(c1s1* owner) = 0;
+        virtual int s1_create(c1s1* owner);
         /**
         * server: validate the parsed s1 schema
         */
-        virtual int s1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid) = 0;
+        virtual int s1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid);
+    protected:
+        virtual int calc_c1_digest(c1s1* owner, char*& c1_digest);
+        virtual int calc_s1_digest(c1s1* owner, char*& s1_digest);
+        /**
+        * copy whole c1s1 to bytes.
+        */
+        virtual void copy_to(c1s1* owner, char* bytes, bool with_digest) = 0;
+        virtual void copy_time_version(char*& pp, c1s1* owner);
+        virtual void copy_key(char*& pp);
+        virtual void digest_key(char*& pp, bool with_digest);
     };
     
     /**
@@ -287,24 +274,17 @@ namespace _srs_internal
     */
     class c1s1_strategy_schema0 : public c1s1_strategy
     {
-    private:
-        key_block key;
-        digest_block digest;
     public:
         c1s1_strategy_schema0();
         virtual ~c1s1_strategy_schema0();
     public:
         virtual srs_schema_type schema();
-        virtual char* get_digest();
-        virtual void dump(c1s1* owner, char* _c1s1);
         virtual int parse(char* _c1s1);
-        virtual int c1_create(c1s1* owner);
-        virtual int c1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid);
-        virtual int s1_create(c1s1* owner);
-        virtual int s1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid);
     private:
-        virtual int calc_c1_digest(c1s1* owner, char*& c1_digest);
-        virtual int calc_s1_digest(c1s1* owner, char*& s1_digest);
+        /**
+        * copy whole c1s1 to bytes.
+        */
+        virtual void copy_to(c1s1* owner, char* bytes, bool with_digest);
     };
     
     /**
@@ -314,24 +294,17 @@ namespace _srs_internal
     */
     class c1s1_strategy_schema1 : public c1s1_strategy
     {
-    private:
-        digest_block digest;
-        key_block key;
     public:
         c1s1_strategy_schema1();
         virtual ~c1s1_strategy_schema1();
     public:
         virtual srs_schema_type schema();
-        virtual char* get_digest();
-        virtual void dump(c1s1* owner, char* _c1s1);
         virtual int parse(char* _c1s1);
-        virtual int c1_create(c1s1* owner);
-        virtual int c1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid);
-        virtual int s1_create(c1s1* owner);
-        virtual int s1_validate_digest(c1s1* owner, bool& is_valid);
     private:
-        virtual int calc_c1_digest(c1s1* owner, char*& c1_digest);
-        virtual int calc_s1_digest(c1s1* owner, char*& s1_digest);
+        /**
+        * copy whole c1s1 to bytes.
+        */
+        virtual void copy_to(c1s1* owner, char* bytes, bool with_digest);
     };
 
     /**
@@ -356,9 +329,10 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         int32_t version;
         // 764bytes+764bytes
         c1s1_strategy* payload;
-        
+    public:
         c1s1();
         virtual ~c1s1();
+    public:
         /**
         * get the scema.
         */
@@ -367,6 +341,7 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         * get the digest key.
         */
         virtual char* get_digest();
+    public:
         /**
         * copy to bytes.
         */
@@ -377,7 +352,7 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         * use the s1_validate_digest() to valid the digest of s1.
         */
         virtual int parse(char* _c1s1, srs_schema_type _schema);
-        
+    public:
         /**
         * client: create and sign c1 by schema.
         * sign the c1, generate the digest.
@@ -398,6 +373,7 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         * server: validate the parsed c1 schema
         */
         virtual int c1_validate_digest(bool& is_valid);
+    public:
         /**
         * server: create and sign the s1 from c1.
         *       // decode c1 try schema0 then schema1
@@ -442,10 +418,10 @@ namespace _srs_internal
     public:
         char random[1504];
         char digest[32];
-        
+    public:
         c2s2();
         virtual ~c2s2();
-        
+    public:
         /**
         * copy to bytes.
         */
@@ -454,7 +430,7 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         * parse the c2s2
         */
         virtual void parse(char* _c2s2);
-    
+    public:
         /**
         * create c2.
         * random fill c2s2 1536 bytes
@@ -469,7 +445,7 @@ namespace _srs_internal
         * validate the c2 from client.
         */
         virtual int c2_validate(c1s1* s1, bool& is_valid);
-        
+    public:
         /**
         * create s2.
         * random fill c2s2 1536 bytes