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trunk/research/st-1.9/Makefile Normal file
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# The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
# License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file
# except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
# the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
#
# Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
# IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
# implied. See the License for the specific language governing
# rights and limitations under the License.
#
# The Original Code is the Netscape Portable Runtime library.
#
# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Netscape
# Communications Corporation. Portions created by Netscape are
# Copyright (C) 1994-2000 Netscape Communications Corporation. All
# Rights Reserved.
#
# Contributor(s): Silicon Graphics, Inc.
#
# Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000-2001 Silicon
# Graphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
# terms of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the
# "GPL"), in which case the provisions of the GPL are applicable
# instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your
# version of this file only under the terms of the GPL and not to
# allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL,
# indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and
# replace them with the notice and other provisions required by
# the GPL. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient
# may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the
# GPL.
# This is the full version of the libst library - modify carefully
VERSION = 1.9
##########################
# Supported OSes:
#
#OS = AIX
#OS = CYGWIN
#OS = DARWIN
#OS = FREEBSD
#OS = HPUX
#OS = HPUX_64
#OS = IRIX
#OS = IRIX_64
#OS = LINUX
#OS = NETBSD
#OS = OPENBSD
#OS = OSF1
#OS = SOLARIS
#OS = SOLARIS_64
# Please see the "Other possible defines" section below for
# possible compilation options.
##########################
CC = cc
AR = ar
LD = ld
RANLIB = ranlib
LN = ln
SHELL = /bin/sh
ECHO = /bin/echo
BUILD = DBG
TARGETDIR = $(OS)_$(shell uname -r)_$(BUILD)
DEFINES = -D$(OS)
CFLAGS =
SFLAGS =
ARFLAGS = -rv
LNFLAGS = -s
DSO_SUFFIX = so
MAJOR = $(shell echo $(VERSION) | sed 's/^\([^\.]*\).*/\1/')
DESC = st.pc
##########################
# Platform section.
# Possible targets:
TARGETS = aix-debug aix-optimized \
cygwin-debug cygwin-optimized \
darwin-debug darwin-optimized \
freebsd-debug freebsd-optimized \
hpux-debug hpux-optimized \
hpux-64-debug hpux-64-optimized \
irix-n32-debug irix-n32-optimized \
irix-64-debug irix-64-optimized \
linux-debug linux-optimized \
netbsd-debug netbsd-optimized \
openbsd-debug openbsd-optimized \
osf1-debug osf1-optimized \
solaris-debug solaris-optimized \
solaris-64-debug solaris-64-optimized
#
# Platform specifics
#
ifeq ($(OS), AIX)
AIX_VERSION = $(shell uname -v).$(shell uname -r)
TARGETDIR = $(OS)_$(AIX_VERSION)_$(BUILD)
CC = xlC
STATIC_ONLY = yes
ifeq ($(BUILD), OPT)
OTHER_FLAGS = -w
endif
ifneq ($(filter-out 4.1 4.2, $(AIX_VERSION)),)
DEFINES += -DMD_HAVE_SOCKLEN_T
endif
endif
ifeq ($(OS), CYGWIN)
TARGETDIR = $(OS)_$(BUILD)
CC = gcc
LD = gcc
DSO_SUFFIX = dll
SLIBRARY = $(TARGETDIR)/libst.dll.a
DLIBRARY = $(TARGETDIR)/libst.dll
DEF_FILE = $(TARGETDIR)/libst.def
LDFLAGS = libst.def -shared --enable-auto-image-base -Wl,--output-def,$(DEF_FILE),--out-implib,$(SLIBRARY)
OTHER_FLAGS = -Wall
endif
ifeq ($(OS), DARWIN)
LD = cc
SFLAGS = -fPIC -fno-common
DSO_SUFFIX = dylib
RELEASE = $(shell uname -r | cut -d. -f1)
PPC = $(shell test $(RELEASE) -le 9 && echo yes)
INTEL = $(shell test $(RELEASE) -ge 9 && echo yes)
ifeq ($(PPC), yes)
CFLAGS += -arch ppc
LDFLAGS += -arch ppc
endif
ifeq ($(INTEL), yes)
CFLAGS += -arch i386 -arch x86_64
LDFLAGS += -arch i386 -arch x86_64
endif
LDFLAGS += -dynamiclib -install_name /sw/lib/libst.$(MAJOR).$(DSO_SUFFIX) -compatibility_version $(MAJOR) -current_version $(VERSION)
OTHER_FLAGS = -Wall
endif
ifeq ($(OS), FREEBSD)
SFLAGS = -fPIC
LDFLAGS = -shared -soname=$(SONAME) -lc
OTHER_FLAGS = -Wall
ifeq ($(shell test -f /usr/include/sys/event.h && echo yes), yes)
DEFINES += -DMD_HAVE_KQUEUE
endif
endif
ifeq (HPUX, $(findstring HPUX, $(OS)))
ifeq ($(OS), HPUX_64)
DEFINES = -DHPUX
CFLAGS = -Ae +DD64 +Z
else
CFLAGS = -Ae +DAportable +Z
endif
RANLIB = true
LDFLAGS = -b
DSO_SUFFIX = sl
endif
ifeq (IRIX, $(findstring IRIX, $(OS)))
ifeq ($(OS), IRIX_64)
DEFINES = -DIRIX
ABIFLAG = -64
else
ABIFLAG = -n32
endif
RANLIB = true
CFLAGS = $(ABIFLAG) -mips3
LDFLAGS = $(ABIFLAG) -shared
OTHER_FLAGS = -fullwarn
endif
ifeq ($(OS), LINUX)
EXTRA_OBJS = $(TARGETDIR)/md.o
SFLAGS = -fPIC
LDFLAGS = -shared -soname=$(SONAME) -lc
OTHER_FLAGS = -Wall
ifeq ($(shell test -f /usr/include/sys/epoll.h && echo yes), yes)
DEFINES += -DMD_HAVE_EPOLL
endif
endif
ifeq ($(OS), NETBSD)
SFLAGS = -fPIC
LDFLAGS = -shared -soname=$(SONAME) -lc
OTHER_FLAGS = -Wall
endif
ifeq ($(OS), OPENBSD)
SFLAGS = -fPIC
LDFLAGS = -shared -soname=$(SONAME) -lc
OTHER_FLAGS = -Wall
ifeq ($(shell test -f /usr/include/sys/event.h && echo yes), yes)
DEFINES += -DMD_HAVE_KQUEUE
endif
endif
ifeq ($(OS), OSF1)
RANLIB = true
LDFLAGS = -shared -all -expect_unresolved "*"
endif
ifeq (SOLARIS, $(findstring SOLARIS, $(OS)))
TARGETDIR = $(OS)_$(shell uname -r | sed 's/^5/2/')_$(BUILD)
CC = gcc
LD = gcc
RANLIB = true
LDFLAGS = -G
OTHER_FLAGS = -Wall
ifeq ($(OS), SOLARIS_64)
DEFINES = -DSOLARIS
CFLAGS += -m64
LDFLAGS += -m64
endif
endif
#
# End of platform section.
##########################
ifeq ($(BUILD), OPT)
OTHER_FLAGS += -O
else
OTHER_FLAGS += -g
DEFINES += -DDEBUG
endif
##########################
# Other possible defines:
# To use poll(2) instead of select(2) for events checking:
# DEFINES += -DUSE_POLL
# You may prefer to use select for applications that have many threads
# using one file descriptor, and poll for applications that have many
# different file descriptors. With USE_POLL poll() is called with at
# least one pollfd per I/O-blocked thread, so 1000 threads sharing one
# descriptor will poll 1000 identical pollfds and select would be more
# efficient. But if the threads all use different descriptors poll()
# may be better depending on your operating system's implementation of
# poll and select. Really, it's up to you. Oh, and on some platforms
# poll() fails with more than a few dozen descriptors.
#
# Some platforms allow to define FD_SETSIZE (if select() is used), e.g.:
# DEFINES += -DFD_SETSIZE=4096
#
# To use malloc(3) instead of mmap(2) for stack allocation:
# DEFINES += -DMALLOC_STACK
#
# To provision more than the default 16 thread-specific-data keys
# (but not too many!):
# DEFINES += -DST_KEYS_MAX=<n>
#
# To start with more than the default 64 initial pollfd slots
# (but the table grows dynamically anyway):
# DEFINES += -DST_MIN_POLLFDS_SIZE=<n>
#
# Note that you can also add these defines by specifying them as
# make/gmake arguments (without editing this Makefile). For example:
#
# make EXTRA_CFLAGS=-DUSE_POLL <target>
#
# (replace make with gmake if needed).
#
# You can also modify the default selection of an alternative event
# notification mechanism. E.g., to enable kqueue(2) support (if it's not
# enabled by default):
#
# gmake EXTRA_CFLAGS=-DMD_HAVE_KQUEUE <target>
#
# or to disable default epoll(4) support:
#
# make EXTRA_CFLAGS=-UMD_HAVE_EPOLL <target>
#
##########################
CFLAGS += $(DEFINES) $(OTHER_FLAGS) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS)
OBJS = $(TARGETDIR)/sched.o \
$(TARGETDIR)/stk.o \
$(TARGETDIR)/sync.o \
$(TARGETDIR)/key.o \
$(TARGETDIR)/io.o \
$(TARGETDIR)/event.o
OBJS += $(EXTRA_OBJS)
HEADER = $(TARGETDIR)/st.h
SLIBRARY = $(TARGETDIR)/libst.a
DLIBRARY = $(TARGETDIR)/libst.$(DSO_SUFFIX).$(VERSION)
EXAMPLES = examples
LINKNAME = libst.$(DSO_SUFFIX)
SONAME = libst.$(DSO_SUFFIX).$(MAJOR)
FULLNAME = libst.$(DSO_SUFFIX).$(VERSION)
ifeq ($(OS), CYGWIN)
SONAME = cygst.$(DSO_SUFFIX)
SLIBRARY = $(TARGETDIR)/libst.dll.a
DLIBRARY = $(TARGETDIR)/$(SONAME)
LINKNAME =
# examples directory does not compile under cygwin
EXAMPLES =
endif
ifeq ($(OS), DARWIN)
LINKNAME = libst.$(DSO_SUFFIX)
SONAME = libst.$(MAJOR).$(DSO_SUFFIX)
FULLNAME = libst.$(VERSION).$(DSO_SUFFIX)
endif
ifeq ($(STATIC_ONLY), yes)
LIBRARIES = $(SLIBRARY)
else
LIBRARIES = $(SLIBRARY) $(DLIBRARY)
endif
ifeq ($(OS),)
ST_ALL = unknown
else
ST_ALL = $(TARGETDIR) $(LIBRARIES) $(HEADER) $(EXAMPLES) $(DESC)
endif
all: $(ST_ALL)
unknown:
@echo
@echo "Please specify one of the following targets:"
@echo
@for target in $(TARGETS); do echo $$target; done
@echo
st.pc: st.pc.in
sed "s/@VERSION@/${VERSION}/g" < $< > $@
$(TARGETDIR):
if [ ! -d $(TARGETDIR) ]; then mkdir $(TARGETDIR); fi
$(SLIBRARY): $(OBJS)
$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $(OBJS)
$(RANLIB) $@
rm -f obj; $(LN) $(LNFLAGS) $(TARGETDIR) obj
$(DLIBRARY): $(OBJS:%.o=%-pic.o)
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $^ -o $@
if test "$(LINKNAME)"; then \
cd $(TARGETDIR); \
rm -f $(SONAME) $(LINKNAME); \
$(LN) $(LNFLAGS) $(FULLNAME) $(SONAME); \
$(LN) $(LNFLAGS) $(FULLNAME) $(LINKNAME); \
fi
$(HEADER): public.h
rm -f $@
cp public.h $@
$(TARGETDIR)/md.o: md.S
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
$(TARGETDIR)/%.o: %.c common.h md.h
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
examples::
@echo Making $@
@cd $@; $(MAKE) CC="$(CC)" CFLAGS="$(CFLAGS)" OS="$(OS)" TARGETDIR="$(TARGETDIR)"
clean:
rm -rf *_OPT *_DBG obj st.pc
##########################
# Pattern rules:
ifneq ($(SFLAGS),)
# Compile with shared library options if it's a C file
$(TARGETDIR)/%-pic.o: %.c common.h md.h
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(SFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
endif
# Compile assembly as normal or C as normal if no SFLAGS
%-pic.o: %.o
rm -f $@; $(LN) $(LNFLAGS) $(<F) $@
##########################
# Target rules:
default-debug:
. ./osguess.sh; $(MAKE) OS="$$OS" BUILD="DBG"
default default-optimized:
. ./osguess.sh; $(MAKE) OS="$$OS" BUILD="OPT"
aix-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="AIX" BUILD="DBG"
aix-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="AIX" BUILD="OPT"
cygwin-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="CYGWIN" BUILD="DBG"
cygwin-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="CYGWIN" BUILD="OPT"
darwin-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="DARWIN" BUILD="DBG"
darwin-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="DARWIN" BUILD="OPT"
freebsd-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="FREEBSD" BUILD="DBG"
freebsd-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="FREEBSD" BUILD="OPT"
hpux-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="HPUX" BUILD="DBG"
hpux-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="HPUX" BUILD="OPT"
hpux-64-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="HPUX_64" BUILD="DBG"
hpux-64-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="HPUX_64" BUILD="OPT"
irix-n32-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="IRIX" BUILD="DBG"
irix-n32-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="IRIX" BUILD="OPT"
irix-64-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="IRIX_64" BUILD="DBG"
irix-64-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="IRIX_64" BUILD="OPT"
linux-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="LINUX" BUILD="DBG"
linux-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="LINUX" BUILD="OPT"
# compatibility
linux-ia64-debug: linux-debug
linux-ia64-optimized: linux-optimized
netbsd-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="NETBSD" BUILD="DBG"
netbsd-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="NETBSD" BUILD="OPT"
openbsd-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="OPENBSD" BUILD="DBG"
openbsd-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="OPENBSD" BUILD="OPT"
osf1-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="OSF1" BUILD="DBG"
osf1-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="OSF1" BUILD="OPT"
solaris-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="SOLARIS" BUILD="DBG"
solaris-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="SOLARIS" BUILD="OPT"
solaris-64-debug:
$(MAKE) OS="SOLARIS_64" BUILD="DBG"
solaris-64-optimized:
$(MAKE) OS="SOLARIS_64" BUILD="OPT"
##########################

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WELCOME!
The State Threads Library is a small application library which provides
a foundation for writing fast and highly scalable Internet applications
(such as web servers, proxy servers, mail transfer agents, and so on,
really any network-data-driven application) on UNIX-like platforms. It
combines the simplicity of the multithreaded programming paradigm, in
which one thread supports each simultaneous connection, with the
performance and scalability of an event-driven state machine
architecture. In other words, this library offers a threading API for
structuring an Internet application as a state machine. For more
details, please see the library documentation in the "docs" directory or
on-line at
http://state-threads.sourceforge.net/docs/
The State Threads Project is an open source project for maintaining and
enhancing the State Threads Library. For more information about this
project, please see
http://state-threads.sourceforge.net/
BUILDING
To build the library by hand, use the GNU make utility. Run the make
command (e.g., `gmake') with no arguments to display all supported
targets.
To build more or less automatically, first set the CONFIG_GUESS_PATH
variable in either osguess.sh or your environment then run "make
default" which guesses your OS and builds. Requires the "config.guess"
utility from GNU autoconf (not included with ST). You can use one from
a larger "main" software project or just use any config.guess available
on your system. You can also get it directly from GNU:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/
To build rpms (RedHat Linux 6.2 or later, Linux/Mandrake, Solaris with
gnome, etc.):
download the latest st-x.y.tar.gz
# rpm -ta st-x.y.tar.gz
The .rpms will land in /usr/src/RPMS/<arch>. Install them with:
# rpm -i libst*.rpm
Requires GNU automake and rpm 3.0.3 or later.
Debian users:
If you run potato, please upgrade to woody.
If you run woody, "apt-get install libst-dev" will get you v1.3.
If you run testing/unstable, you will get the newest available version.
If you *must* have the newest libst in woody, you may follow these
not-recommended instructions:
1. Add "deb-src <your-favourite-debian-mirror> unstable main" to your
/etc/apt/sources.list
2. apt-get update
3. apt-get source st
4. cd st-1.4 (or whatever version you got)
5. debuild
6. dpkg -i ../*.deb
If your application uses autoconf to search for dependencies and you
want to search for a given version of libst, you can simply add
PKG_CHECK_MODULES(MYAPP, st >= 1.3 mumble >= 0.2.23)
to your configure.ac/in. This will define @MYAPP_LIBS@ and
@MYAPP_CFLAGS@ which you may then use in your Makefile.am/in files to
link against mumble and st.
LICENSE
The State Threads library is a derivative of the Netscape Portable
Runtime library (NSPR). All source code in this directory is
distributed under the terms of the Mozilla Public License (MPL) version
1.1 or the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 or later. For
more information about these licenses please see
http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ and http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
All source code in the "examples" directory is distributed under the BSD
style license.
PLATFORMS
Please see the "docs/notes.html" file for the list of currently
supported platforms.
DEBUGGER SUPPORT
It's almost impossible to print SP and PC in a portable way. The only
way to see thread's stack platform-independently is to actually jump to
the saved context. That's what the _st_iterate_threads() function does.
Do the following to iterate over all threads:
- set the _st_iterate_threads_flag to 1 in debugger
- set breakpoint at the _st_show_thread_stack() function
(which does nothing)
- call the _st_iterate_threads() function which jumps to the
next thread
- at each break you can explore thread's stack
- continue
- when iteration is complete, you return to the original
point (you can see thread id and a message as arguments of
the _st_show_thread_stack() function).
You can call _st_iterate_threads() in three ways:
- Insert it into your source code at the point you want to
go over threads.
- Just run application and this function will be called at
the first context switch.
- Call it directly from the debugger at any point.
This works with gdb and dbx.
Example using gdb:
(gdb) set _st_iterate_threads_flag = 1
(gdb) b _st_show_thread_stack
...
(gdb) call _st_iterate_threads()
...
(gdb) bt
...
(gdb) c
...
(gdb) bt
...
(gdb) c
...
and so on...
_st_iterate_threads_flag will be set to 0 automatically
after iteration is over or you can set it to 0 at any time
to stop iteration.
Sometimes gdb complains about SIGSEGV when you call a function
directly at gdb command-line. It can be ignored -- just call the
same function right away again, it works just fine. For example:
(gdb) set _st_iterate_threads_flag = 1
(gdb) b _st_show_thread_stack
Breakpoint 1 at 0x809bbbb: file sched.c, line 856.
(gdb) call _st_iterate_threads()
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
....
(gdb) # just call the function again:
(gdb) call _st_iterate_threads()
Breakpoint 1, _st_show_thread_stack (thread=0x4017aee4, messg=0x80ae7a2
"Iteration started") at sched.c:856
856 }
....
You can use simple gdb command-line scripting to display
all threads and their stack traces at once:
(gdb) while _st_iterate_threads_flag
>bt
>c
>end
....
Another script to stop at the thread with the specific thread id
(e.g., 0x40252ee4):
(gdb) # set the flag again:
(gdb) set _st_iterate_threads_flag = 1
(gdb) call _st_iterate_threads()
Breakpoint 1, _st_show_thread_stack (thread=0x4017aee4, messg=0x80ae7a2
"Iteration started") at sched.c:856
856 }
....
(gdb) while thread != 0x40252ee4
>c
>end
....
....
Breakpoint 1, _st_show_thread_stack (thread=0x40252ee4, messg=0x0) at
sched.c:856
856 }
(gdb) bt
....
(gdb) # don't want to continue iteration, unset the flag:
(gdb) set _st_iterate_threads_flag = 0
(gdb) c
Continuing.
Breakpoint 1, _st_show_thread_stack (thread=0x0, messg=0x80ae78e "Iteration
completed")
at sched.c:856
856 }
(gdb) c
Continuing.
(gdb) return
Make selected stack frame return now? (y or n) y
#0 0x4011254e in __select ()
from /lib/libc.so.6
(gdb) detach
CHANGE LOG
Changes from 1.8 to 1.9.
------------------------
o Support 32-bit and 64-bit Intel Macs.
o Added ST_VERSION string, and ST_VERSION_MAJOR and ST_VERSION_MINOR
[bug 1796801].
o Fixed some compiler warnings, based on a patch from Brian Wellington
[bug 1932741].
Changes from 1.7 to 1.8.
--------------------------
o Added support for kqueue and epoll on platforms that support them.
Added ability to choose the event notification system at program
startup.
o Long-overdue public definitions of ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT (-1ULL) and
ST_UTIME_NO_WAIT (0) [bug 1514436].
o Documentation patch for st_utime() [bug 1514484].
o Documentation patch for st_timecache_set() [bug 1514486].
o Documentation patch for st_netfd_serialize_accept() [bug 1514494].
o Added st_writev_resid() [rfe 1538344].
o Added st_readv_resid() [rfe 1538768] and, for symmetry, st_readv().
Changes from 1.6 to 1.7.
------------------------
o Support glibc 2.4, which breaks programs that manipulate jump buffers.
Replaced Linux IA64 special cases with new md.S that covers all
Linux.
Changes from 1.5.2 to 1.6.
--------------------------
none
Changes from 1.5.1 to 1.5.2.
----------------------------
o Alfred Perlstein's context switch callback feature.
o Claus Assmann's st_recvmsg/st_sendmsg wrappers.
o Extra stack padding for platforms that need it.
o Ron Arts's timeout clarifications in the reference manual.
o Raymond Bero and Anton Berezin's AMD64 FreeBSD port.
o Claus Assmann's AMD64 SunOS 5.10 port.
o Claus Assmann's AMD64 OpenBSD port.
o Michael Abd-El-Malek's Mac OS X port.
o Michael Abd-El-Malek's stack printing patch.
Changes from 1.5.0 to 1.5.1.
----------------------------
o Andreas Gustafsson's USE_POLL fix.
o Gene's st_set_utime_function() enhancement.
Changes from 1.4 to 1.5.0.
--------------------------
o Andreas Gustafsson's performance patch.
o New extensions: Improved DNS resolver, generic LRU cache, in-process
DNS cache, and a program to test the resolver and cache.
o Support for AMD Opteron 64-bit CPUs under Linux.
o Support for SPARC-64 under Solaris.
o Andreas Gustafsson's support for VAX under NetBSD.
o Changed unportable #warning directives in md.h to #error.
Changes from 1.3 to 1.4.
------------------------
o Andreas Gustafsson's NetBSD port.
o Wesley W. Terpstra's Darwin (MacOS X) port.
o Support for many CPU architectures under Linux and *BSD.
o Renamed private typedefs so they don't conflict with public ones any
more.
o common.h now includes public.h for strict prototyping.
o Joshua Levy's recommendation to make st_connect() and st_sendto()
accept const struct sockaddr pointers, as the originals do.
o Clarified the documentation regarding blocking vs. non-blocking I/O.
o Cygwin support.
o Created the extensions directory.
o Fixed warnings from ia64asm.S.
Changes from 1.2 to 1.3.
------------------------
o Added st_read_resid() and st_write_resid() to allow the caller to know
how much data was transferred before an error occurred. Updated
documentation.
o Updated project link, copyrights, and documentation regarding
timeouts. Added comment to st_connect().
o Optimized the _st_add_sleep_q() function in sched.c. Now we walk the
sleep queue *backward* when inserting a thread into it. When you
have lots (hundreds) of threads and several timeout values, it takes
a while to insert a thread at the appropriate point in the sleep
queue. The idea is that often this appropriate point is closer to
the end of the queue rather than the beginning. Measurements show
performance improves with this change. In any case this change
should do no harm.
o Added a hint of when to define USE_POLL and when not to, to the
Makefile.
o Added debugging support (files common.h and sched.c). See above.
o Decreased the number of reallocations of _ST_POLLFDS in sched.c.
Inspired by Lev Walkin.
o Fixed st_usleep(-1) and st_sleep(-1), and added a warning to the
documentation about too-large timeouts.
o Linux/*BSD Alpha port.
o Wesley W. Terpstra modernized the build process:
- properly build relocatable libraries under bsd and linux
- use library versioning
- added rpm spec file
- added debian/ files
See above for build instructions.
Changes from 1.1 to 1.2.
------------------------
o Added st_randomize_stacks().
o Added a patch contributed by Sascha Schumann.
Changes from 1.0 to 1.1.
------------------------
o Relicensed under dual MPL-GPL.
o OpenBSD port.
o Compile-time option to use poll() instead of select() for
event polling (see Makefile).
This is useful if you want to support a large number of open
file descriptors (larger than FD_SETSIZE) within a single
process.
o Linux IA-64 port.
Two issues make IA-64 different from other platforms:
- Besides the traditional call stack in memory, IA-64 uses the
general register stack. Thus each thread needs a backing store
for the register stack in addition to the memory stack.
- Current implementation of setjmp()/longjmp() can not be used
for thread context-switching since it assumes that only one
register stack exists. Using special assembly functions for
context-switching is unavoidable.
o Thread stack capping on IRIX.
This allows some profiling tools (such as SpeedShop) to know when
to stop unwinding the stack. Without this libexc, used by SpeedShop,
traces right off the stack and crashes.
o Miscellaneous documentation additions.
COPYRIGHTS
Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.

466
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/*
* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
* License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file
* except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*
* Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
* IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
* implied. See the License for the specific language governing
* rights and limitations under the License.
*
* The Original Code is the Netscape Portable Runtime library.
*
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Netscape
* Communications Corporation. Portions created by Netscape are
* Copyright (C) 1994-2000 Netscape Communications Corporation. All
* Rights Reserved.
*
* Contributor(s): Silicon Graphics, Inc.
*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000-2001 Silicon
* Graphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
* terms of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the
* "GPL"), in which case the provisions of the GPL are applicable
* instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your
* version of this file only under the terms of the GPL and not to
* allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL,
* indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and
* replace them with the notice and other provisions required by
* the GPL. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient
* may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the
* GPL.
*/
/*
* This file is derived directly from Netscape Communications Corporation,
* and consists of extensive modifications made during the year(s) 1999-2000.
*/
#ifndef __ST_COMMON_H__
#define __ST_COMMON_H__
#include <stddef.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
/* Enable assertions only if DEBUG is defined */
#ifndef DEBUG
#define NDEBUG
#endif
#include <assert.h>
#define ST_ASSERT(expr) assert(expr)
#define ST_BEGIN_MACRO {
#define ST_END_MACRO }
#ifdef DEBUG
#define ST_HIDDEN /*nothing*/
#else
#define ST_HIDDEN static
#endif
#include "public.h"
#include "md.h"
/*****************************************
* Circular linked list definitions
*/
typedef struct _st_clist {
struct _st_clist *next;
struct _st_clist *prev;
} _st_clist_t;
/* Insert element "_e" into the list, before "_l" */
#define ST_INSERT_BEFORE(_e,_l) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
(_e)->next = (_l); \
(_e)->prev = (_l)->prev; \
(_l)->prev->next = (_e); \
(_l)->prev = (_e); \
ST_END_MACRO
/* Insert element "_e" into the list, after "_l" */
#define ST_INSERT_AFTER(_e,_l) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
(_e)->next = (_l)->next; \
(_e)->prev = (_l); \
(_l)->next->prev = (_e); \
(_l)->next = (_e); \
ST_END_MACRO
/* Return the element following element "_e" */
#define ST_NEXT_LINK(_e) ((_e)->next)
/* Append an element "_e" to the end of the list "_l" */
#define ST_APPEND_LINK(_e,_l) ST_INSERT_BEFORE(_e,_l)
/* Insert an element "_e" at the head of the list "_l" */
#define ST_INSERT_LINK(_e,_l) ST_INSERT_AFTER(_e,_l)
/* Return the head/tail of the list */
#define ST_LIST_HEAD(_l) (_l)->next
#define ST_LIST_TAIL(_l) (_l)->prev
/* Remove the element "_e" from it's circular list */
#define ST_REMOVE_LINK(_e) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
(_e)->prev->next = (_e)->next; \
(_e)->next->prev = (_e)->prev; \
ST_END_MACRO
/* Return non-zero if the given circular list "_l" is empty, */
/* zero if the circular list is not empty */
#define ST_CLIST_IS_EMPTY(_l) \
((_l)->next == (_l))
/* Initialize a circular list */
#define ST_INIT_CLIST(_l) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
(_l)->next = (_l); \
(_l)->prev = (_l); \
ST_END_MACRO
#define ST_INIT_STATIC_CLIST(_l) \
{(_l), (_l)}
/*****************************************
* Basic types definitions
*/
typedef void (*_st_destructor_t)(void *);
typedef struct _st_stack {
_st_clist_t links;
char *vaddr; /* Base of stack's allocated memory */
int vaddr_size; /* Size of stack's allocated memory */
int stk_size; /* Size of usable portion of the stack */
char *stk_bottom; /* Lowest address of stack's usable portion */
char *stk_top; /* Highest address of stack's usable portion */
void *sp; /* Stack pointer from C's point of view */
#ifdef __ia64__
void *bsp; /* Register stack backing store pointer */
#endif
} _st_stack_t;
typedef struct _st_cond {
_st_clist_t wait_q; /* Condition variable wait queue */
} _st_cond_t;
typedef struct _st_thread _st_thread_t;
struct _st_thread {
int state; /* Thread's state */
int flags; /* Thread's flags */
void *(*start)(void *arg); /* The start function of the thread */
void *arg; /* Argument of the start function */
void *retval; /* Return value of the start function */
_st_stack_t *stack; /* Info about thread's stack */
_st_clist_t links; /* For putting on run/sleep/zombie queue */
_st_clist_t wait_links; /* For putting on mutex/condvar wait queue */
#ifdef DEBUG
_st_clist_t tlink; /* For putting on thread queue */
#endif
st_utime_t due; /* Wakeup time when thread is sleeping */
_st_thread_t *left; /* For putting in timeout heap */
_st_thread_t *right; /* -- see docs/timeout_heap.txt for details */
int heap_index;
void **private_data; /* Per thread private data */
_st_cond_t *term; /* Termination condition variable for join */
jmp_buf context; /* Thread's context */
};
typedef struct _st_mutex {
_st_thread_t *owner; /* Current mutex owner */
_st_clist_t wait_q; /* Mutex wait queue */
} _st_mutex_t;
typedef struct _st_pollq {
_st_clist_t links; /* For putting on io queue */
_st_thread_t *thread; /* Polling thread */
struct pollfd *pds; /* Array of poll descriptors */
int npds; /* Length of the array */
int on_ioq; /* Is it on ioq? */
} _st_pollq_t;
typedef struct _st_eventsys_ops {
const char *name; /* Name of this event system */
int val; /* Type of this event system */
int (*init)(void); /* Initialization */
void (*dispatch)(void); /* Dispatch function */
int (*pollset_add)(struct pollfd *, int); /* Add descriptor set */
void (*pollset_del)(struct pollfd *, int); /* Delete descriptor set */
int (*fd_new)(int); /* New descriptor allocated */
int (*fd_close)(int); /* Descriptor closed */
int (*fd_getlimit)(void); /* Descriptor hard limit */
} _st_eventsys_t;
typedef struct _st_vp {
_st_thread_t *idle_thread; /* Idle thread for this vp */
st_utime_t last_clock; /* The last time we went into vp_check_clock() */
_st_clist_t run_q; /* run queue for this vp */
_st_clist_t io_q; /* io queue for this vp */
_st_clist_t zombie_q; /* zombie queue for this vp */
#ifdef DEBUG
_st_clist_t thread_q; /* all threads of this vp */
#endif
int pagesize;
_st_thread_t *sleep_q; /* sleep queue for this vp */
int sleepq_size; /* number of threads on sleep queue */
#ifdef ST_SWITCH_CB
st_switch_cb_t switch_out_cb; /* called when a thread is switched out */
st_switch_cb_t switch_in_cb; /* called when a thread is switched in */
#endif
} _st_vp_t;
typedef struct _st_netfd {
int osfd; /* Underlying OS file descriptor */
int inuse; /* In-use flag */
void *private_data; /* Per descriptor private data */
_st_destructor_t destructor; /* Private data destructor function */
void *aux_data; /* Auxiliary data for internal use */
struct _st_netfd *next; /* For putting on the free list */
} _st_netfd_t;
/*****************************************
* Current vp, thread, and event system
*/
extern _st_vp_t _st_this_vp;
extern _st_thread_t *_st_this_thread;
extern _st_eventsys_t *_st_eventsys;
#define _ST_CURRENT_THREAD() (_st_this_thread)
#define _ST_SET_CURRENT_THREAD(_thread) (_st_this_thread = (_thread))
#define _ST_LAST_CLOCK (_st_this_vp.last_clock)
#define _ST_RUNQ (_st_this_vp.run_q)
#define _ST_IOQ (_st_this_vp.io_q)
#define _ST_ZOMBIEQ (_st_this_vp.zombie_q)
#ifdef DEBUG
#define _ST_THREADQ (_st_this_vp.thread_q)
#endif
#define _ST_PAGE_SIZE (_st_this_vp.pagesize)
#define _ST_SLEEPQ (_st_this_vp.sleep_q)
#define _ST_SLEEPQ_SIZE (_st_this_vp.sleepq_size)
#define _ST_VP_IDLE() (*_st_eventsys->dispatch)()
/*****************************************
* vp queues operations
*/
#define _ST_ADD_IOQ(_pq) ST_APPEND_LINK(&_pq.links, &_ST_IOQ)
#define _ST_DEL_IOQ(_pq) ST_REMOVE_LINK(&_pq.links)
#define _ST_ADD_RUNQ(_thr) ST_APPEND_LINK(&(_thr)->links, &_ST_RUNQ)
#define _ST_DEL_RUNQ(_thr) ST_REMOVE_LINK(&(_thr)->links)
#define _ST_ADD_SLEEPQ(_thr, _timeout) _st_add_sleep_q(_thr, _timeout)
#define _ST_DEL_SLEEPQ(_thr) _st_del_sleep_q(_thr)
#define _ST_ADD_ZOMBIEQ(_thr) ST_APPEND_LINK(&(_thr)->links, &_ST_ZOMBIEQ)
#define _ST_DEL_ZOMBIEQ(_thr) ST_REMOVE_LINK(&(_thr)->links)
#ifdef DEBUG
#define _ST_ADD_THREADQ(_thr) ST_APPEND_LINK(&(_thr)->tlink, &_ST_THREADQ)
#define _ST_DEL_THREADQ(_thr) ST_REMOVE_LINK(&(_thr)->tlink)
#endif
/*****************************************
* Thread states and flags
*/
#define _ST_ST_RUNNING 0
#define _ST_ST_RUNNABLE 1
#define _ST_ST_IO_WAIT 2
#define _ST_ST_LOCK_WAIT 3
#define _ST_ST_COND_WAIT 4
#define _ST_ST_SLEEPING 5
#define _ST_ST_ZOMBIE 6
#define _ST_ST_SUSPENDED 7
#define _ST_FL_PRIMORDIAL 0x01
#define _ST_FL_IDLE_THREAD 0x02
#define _ST_FL_ON_SLEEPQ 0x04
#define _ST_FL_INTERRUPT 0x08
#define _ST_FL_TIMEDOUT 0x10
/*****************************************
* Pointer conversion
*/
#ifndef offsetof
#define offsetof(type, identifier) ((size_t)&(((type *)0)->identifier))
#endif
#define _ST_THREAD_PTR(_qp) \
((_st_thread_t *)((char *)(_qp) - offsetof(_st_thread_t, links)))
#define _ST_THREAD_WAITQ_PTR(_qp) \
((_st_thread_t *)((char *)(_qp) - offsetof(_st_thread_t, wait_links)))
#define _ST_THREAD_STACK_PTR(_qp) \
((_st_stack_t *)((char*)(_qp) - offsetof(_st_stack_t, links)))
#define _ST_POLLQUEUE_PTR(_qp) \
((_st_pollq_t *)((char *)(_qp) - offsetof(_st_pollq_t, links)))
#ifdef DEBUG
#define _ST_THREAD_THREADQ_PTR(_qp) \
((_st_thread_t *)((char *)(_qp) - offsetof(_st_thread_t, tlink)))
#endif
/*****************************************
* Constants
*/
#ifndef ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT
#define ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT ((st_utime_t) -1LL)
#endif
#ifndef __ia64__
#define ST_DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE (64*1024)
#else
#define ST_DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE (128*1024) /* Includes register stack size */
#endif
#ifndef ST_KEYS_MAX
#define ST_KEYS_MAX 16
#endif
#ifndef ST_MIN_POLLFDS_SIZE
#define ST_MIN_POLLFDS_SIZE 64
#endif
/*****************************************
* Threads context switching
*/
#ifdef DEBUG
void _st_iterate_threads(void);
#define ST_DEBUG_ITERATE_THREADS() _st_iterate_threads()
#else
#define ST_DEBUG_ITERATE_THREADS()
#endif
#ifdef ST_SWITCH_CB
#define ST_SWITCH_OUT_CB(_thread) \
if (_st_this_vp.switch_out_cb != NULL && \
_thread != _st_this_vp.idle_thread && \
_thread->state != _ST_ST_ZOMBIE) { \
_st_this_vp.switch_out_cb(); \
}
#define ST_SWITCH_IN_CB(_thread) \
if (_st_this_vp.switch_in_cb != NULL && \
_thread != _st_this_vp.idle_thread && \
_thread->state != _ST_ST_ZOMBIE) { \
_st_this_vp.switch_in_cb(); \
}
#else
#define ST_SWITCH_OUT_CB(_thread)
#define ST_SWITCH_IN_CB(_thread)
#endif
/*
* Switch away from the current thread context by saving its state and
* calling the thread scheduler
*/
#define _ST_SWITCH_CONTEXT(_thread) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
ST_SWITCH_OUT_CB(_thread); \
if (!MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context)) { \
_st_vp_schedule(); \
} \
ST_DEBUG_ITERATE_THREADS(); \
ST_SWITCH_IN_CB(_thread); \
ST_END_MACRO
/*
* Restore a thread context that was saved by _ST_SWITCH_CONTEXT or
* initialized by _ST_INIT_CONTEXT
*/
#define _ST_RESTORE_CONTEXT(_thread) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
_ST_SET_CURRENT_THREAD(_thread); \
MD_LONGJMP((_thread)->context, 1); \
ST_END_MACRO
/*
* Initialize the thread context preparing it to execute _main
*/
#ifdef MD_INIT_CONTEXT
#define _ST_INIT_CONTEXT MD_INIT_CONTEXT
#else
#error Unknown OS
#endif
/*
* Number of bytes reserved under the stack "bottom"
*/
#define _ST_STACK_PAD_SIZE MD_STACK_PAD_SIZE
/*****************************************
* Forward declarations
*/
void _st_vp_schedule(void);
void _st_vp_check_clock(void);
void *_st_idle_thread_start(void *arg);
void _st_thread_main(void);
void _st_thread_cleanup(_st_thread_t *thread);
void _st_add_sleep_q(_st_thread_t *thread, st_utime_t timeout);
void _st_del_sleep_q(_st_thread_t *thread);
_st_stack_t *_st_stack_new(int stack_size);
void _st_stack_free(_st_stack_t *ts);
int _st_io_init(void);
st_utime_t st_utime(void);
_st_cond_t *st_cond_new(void);
int st_cond_destroy(_st_cond_t *cvar);
int st_cond_timedwait(_st_cond_t *cvar, st_utime_t timeout);
int st_cond_signal(_st_cond_t *cvar);
ssize_t st_read(_st_netfd_t *fd, void *buf, size_t nbyte, st_utime_t timeout);
ssize_t st_write(_st_netfd_t *fd, const void *buf, size_t nbyte,
st_utime_t timeout);
int st_poll(struct pollfd *pds, int npds, st_utime_t timeout);
_st_thread_t *st_thread_create(void *(*start)(void *arg), void *arg,
int joinable, int stk_size);
#endif /* !__ST_COMMON_H__ */

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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>State Threads Library Programming Notes</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF>
<H2>Programming Notes</H2>
<P>
<B>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF=#porting>Porting</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF=#signals>Signals</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF=#intra>Intra-Process Synchronization</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF=#inter>Inter-Process Synchronization</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF=#nonnet>Non-Network I/O</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF=#timeouts>Timeouts</A></LI>
</UL>
</B>
<P>
<HR>
<P>
<A NAME="porting">
<H3>Porting</H3>
The State Threads library uses OS concepts that are available in some
form on most UNIX platforms, making the library very portable across
many flavors of UNIX. However, there are several parts of the library
that rely on platform-specific features. Here is the list of such parts:
<P>
<UL>
<LI><I>Thread context initialization</I>: Two ingredients of the
<TT>jmp_buf</TT>
data structure (the program counter and the stack pointer) have to be
manually set in the thread creation routine. The <TT>jmp_buf</TT> data
structure is defined in the <TT>setjmp.h</TT> header file and differs from
platform to platform. Usually the program counter is a structure member
with <TT>PC</TT> in the name and the stack pointer is a structure member
with <TT>SP</TT> in the name. One can also look in the
<A HREF="http://www.mozilla.org/source.html">Netscape's NSPR library source</A>
which already has this code for many UNIX-like platforms
(<TT>mozilla/nsprpub/pr/include/md/*.h</TT> files).
<P>
Note that on some BSD-derived platforms <TT>_setjmp(3)/_longjmp(3)</TT>
calls should be used instead of <TT>setjmp(3)/longjmp(3)</TT> (that is
the calls that manipulate only the stack and registers and do <I>not</I>
save and restore the process's signal mask).</LI>
<P>
Starting with glibc 2.4 on Linux the opacity of the <TT>jmp_buf</TT> data
structure is enforced by <TT>setjmp(3)/longjmp(3)</TT> so the
<TT>jmp_buf</TT> ingredients cannot be accessed directly anymore (unless
special environmental variable LD_POINTER_GUARD is set before application
execution). To avoid dependency on custom environment, the State Threads
library provides <TT>setjmp/longjmp</TT> replacement functions for
all Intel CPU architectures. Other CPU architectures can also be easily
supported (the <TT>setjmp/longjmp</TT> source code is widely available for
many CPU architectures).
<P>
<LI><I>High resolution time function</I>: Some platforms (IRIX, Solaris)
provide a high resolution time function based on the free running hardware
counter. This function returns the time counted since some arbitrary
moment in the past (usually machine power up time). It is not correlated in
any way to the time of day, and thus is not subject to resetting,
drifting, etc. This type of time is ideal for tasks where cheap, accurate
interval timing is required. If such a function is not available on a
particular platform, the <TT>gettimeofday(3)</TT> function can be used
(though on some platforms it involves a system call).
<P>
<LI><I>The stack growth direction</I>: The library needs to know whether the
stack grows toward lower (down) or higher (up) memory addresses.
One can write a simple test program that detects the stack growth direction
on a particular platform.</LI>
<P>
<LI><I>Non-blocking attribute inheritance</I>: On some platforms (e.g. IRIX)
the socket created as a result of the <TT>accept(2)</TT> call inherits the
non-blocking attribute of the listening socket. One needs to consult the manual
pages or write a simple test program to see if this applies to a specific
platform.</LI>
<P>
<LI><I>Anonymous memory mapping</I>: The library allocates memory segments
for thread stacks by doing anonymous memory mapping (<TT>mmap(2)</TT>). This
mapping is somewhat different on SVR4 and BSD4.3 derived platforms.
<P>
The memory mapping can be avoided altogether by using <TT>malloc(3)</TT> for
stack allocation. In this case the <TT>MALLOC_STACK</TT> macro should be
defined.</LI>
</UL>
<P>
All machine-dependent feature test macros should be defined in the
<TT>md.h</TT> header file. The assembly code for <TT>setjmp/longjmp</TT>
replacement functions for all CPU architectures should be placed in
the <TT>md.S</TT> file.
<P>
The current version of the library is ported to:
<UL>
<LI>IRIX 6.x (both 32 and 64 bit)</LI>
<LI>Linux (kernel 2.x and glibc 2.x) on x86, Alpha, MIPS and MIPSEL,
SPARC, ARM, PowerPC, 68k, HPPA, S390, IA-64, and Opteron (AMD-64)</LI>
<LI>Solaris 2.x (SunOS 5.x) on x86, AMD64, SPARC, and SPARC-64</LI>
<LI>AIX 4.x</LI>
<LI>HP-UX 11 (both 32 and 64 bit)</LI>
<LI>Tru64/OSF1</LI>
<LI>FreeBSD on x86, AMD64, and Alpha</LI>
<LI>OpenBSD on x86, AMD64, Alpha, and SPARC</LI>
<LI>NetBSD on x86, Alpha, SPARC, and VAX</LI>
<LI>MacOS X (Darwin) on PowerPC (32 bit) and Intel (both 32 and 64 bit) [universal]</LI>
<LI>Cygwin</LI>
</UL>
<P>
<A NAME="signals">
<H3>Signals</H3>
Signal handling in an application using State Threads should be treated the
same way as in a classical UNIX process application. There is no such
thing as per-thread signal mask, all threads share the same signal handlers,
and only asynchronous-safe functions can be used in signal handlers.
However, there is a way to process signals synchronously by converting a
signal event to an I/O event: a signal catching function does a write to
a pipe which will be processed synchronously by a dedicated signal handling
thread. The following code demonstrates this technique (error handling is
omitted for clarity):
<PRE>
/* Per-process pipe which is used as a signal queue. */
/* Up to PIPE_BUF/sizeof(int) signals can be queued up. */
int sig_pipe[2];
/* Signal catching function. */
/* Converts signal event to I/O event. */
void sig_catcher(int signo)
{
int err;
/* Save errno to restore it after the write() */
err = errno;
/* write() is reentrant/async-safe */
write(sig_pipe[1], &signo, sizeof(int));
errno = err;
}
/* Signal processing function. */
/* This is the "main" function of the signal processing thread. */
void *sig_process(void *arg)
{
st_netfd_t nfd;
int signo;
nfd = st_netfd_open(sig_pipe[0]);
for ( ; ; ) {
/* Read the next signal from the pipe */
st_read(nfd, &signo, sizeof(int), ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT);
/* Process signal synchronously */
switch (signo) {
case SIGHUP:
/* do something here - reread config files, etc. */
break;
case SIGTERM:
/* do something here - cleanup, etc. */
break;
/* .
.
Other signals
.
.
*/
}
}
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct sigaction sa;
.
.
.
/* Create signal pipe */
pipe(sig_pipe);
/* Create signal processing thread */
st_thread_create(sig_process, NULL, 0, 0);
/* Install sig_catcher() as a signal handler */
sa.sa_handler = sig_catcher;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
sa.sa_flags = 0;
sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL);
sa.sa_handler = sig_catcher;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
sa.sa_flags = 0;
sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa, NULL);
.
.
.
}
</PRE>
<P>
Note that if multiple processes are used (see below), the signal pipe should
be initialized after the <TT>fork(2)</TT> call so that each process has its
own private pipe.
<P>
<A NAME="intra">
<H3>Intra-Process Synchronization</H3>
Due to the event-driven nature of the library scheduler, the thread context
switch (process state change) can only happen in a well-known set of
library functions. This set includes functions in which a thread may
"block":<TT> </TT>I/O functions (<TT>st_read(), st_write(), </TT>etc.),
sleep functions (<TT>st_sleep(), </TT>etc.), and thread synchronization
functions (<TT>st_thread_join(), st_cond_wait(), </TT>etc.). As a result,
process-specific global data need not to be protected by locks since a thread
cannot be rescheduled while in a critical section (and only one thread at a
time can access the same memory location). By the same token,
non thread-safe functions (in a traditional sense) can be safely used with
the State Threads. The library's mutex facilities are practically useless
for a correctly written application (no blocking functions in critical
section) and are provided mostly for completeness. This absence of locking
greatly simplifies an application design and provides a foundation for
scalability.
<P>
<A NAME="inter">
<H3>Inter-Process Synchronization</H3>
The State Threads library makes it possible to multiplex a large number
of simultaneous connections onto a much smaller number of separate
processes, where each process uses a many-to-one user-level threading
implementation (<B>N</B> of <B>M:1</B> mappings rather than one <B>M:N</B>
mapping used in native threading libraries on some platforms). This design
is key to the application's scalability. One can think about it as if a
set of all threads is partitioned into separate groups (processes) where
each group has a separate pool of resources (virtual address space, file
descriptors, etc.). An application designer has full control of how many
groups (processes) an application creates and what resources, if any,
are shared among different groups via standard UNIX inter-process
communication (IPC) facilities.<P>
There are several reasons for creating multiple processes:
<P>
<UL>
<LI>To take advantage of multiple hardware entities (CPUs, disks, etc.)
available in the system (hardware parallelism).</LI>
<P>
<LI>To reduce risk of losing a large number of user connections when one of
the processes crashes. For example, if <B>C</B> user connections (threads)
are multiplexed onto <B>P</B> processes and one of the processes crashes,
only a fraction (<B>C/P</B>) of all connections will be lost.</LI>
<P>
<LI>To overcome per-process resource limitations imposed by the OS. For
example, if <TT>select(2)</TT> is used for event polling, the number of
simultaneous connections (threads) per process is
limited by the <TT>FD_SETSIZE</TT> parameter (see <TT>select(2)</TT>).
If <TT>FD_SETSIZE</TT> is equal to 1024 and each connection needs one file
descriptor, then an application should create 10 processes to support 10,000
simultaneous connections.</LI>
</UL>
<P>
Ideally all user sessions are completely independent, so there is no need for
inter-process communication. It is always better to have several separate
smaller process-specific resources (e.g., data caches) than to have one large
resource shared (and modified) by all processes. Sometimes, however, there
is a need to share a common resource among different processes. In that case,
standard UNIX IPC facilities can be used. In addition to that, there is a way
to synchronize different processes so that only the thread accessing the
shared resource will be suspended (but not the entire process) if that resource
is unavailable. In the following code fragment a pipe is used as a counting
semaphore for inter-process synchronization:
<PRE>
#ifndef PIPE_BUF
#define PIPE_BUF 512 /* POSIX */
#endif
/* Semaphore data structure */
typedef struct ipc_sem {
st_netfd_t rdfd; /* read descriptor */
st_netfd_t wrfd; /* write descriptor */
} ipc_sem_t;
/* Create and initialize the semaphore. Should be called before fork(2). */
/* 'value' must be less than PIPE_BUF. */
/* If 'value' is 1, the semaphore works as mutex. */
ipc_sem_t *ipc_sem_create(int value)
{
ipc_sem_t *sem;
int p[2];
char b[PIPE_BUF];
/* Error checking is omitted for clarity */
sem = malloc(sizeof(ipc_sem_t));
/* Create the pipe */
pipe(p);
sem->rdfd = st_netfd_open(p[0]);
sem->wrfd = st_netfd_open(p[1]);
/* Initialize the semaphore: put 'value' bytes into the pipe */
write(p[1], b, value);
return sem;
}
/* Try to decrement the "value" of the semaphore. */
/* If "value" is 0, the calling thread blocks on the semaphore. */
int ipc_sem_wait(ipc_sem_t *sem)
{
char c;
/* Read one byte from the pipe */
if (st_read(sem->rdfd, &c, 1, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT) != 1)
return -1;
return 0;
}
/* Increment the "value" of the semaphore. */
int ipc_sem_post(ipc_sem_t *sem)
{
char c;
if (st_write(sem->wrfd, &c, 1, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT) != 1)
return -1;
return 0;
}
</PRE>
<P>
Generally, the following steps should be followed when writing an application
using the State Threads library:
<P>
<OL>
<LI>Initialize the library (<TT>st_init()</TT>).</LI>
<P>
<LI>Create resources that will be shared among different processes:
create and bind listening sockets, create shared memory segments, IPC
channels, synchronization primitives, etc.</LI>
<P>
<LI>Create several processes (<TT>fork(2)</TT>). The parent process should
either exit or become a "watchdog" (e.g., it starts a new process when
an existing one crashes, does a cleanup upon application termination,
etc.).</LI>
<P>
<LI>In each child process create a pool of threads
(<TT>st_thread_create()</TT>) to handle user connections.</LI>
</OL>
<P>
<A NAME="nonnet">
<H3>Non-Network I/O</H3>
The State Threads architecture uses non-blocking I/O on
<TT>st_netfd_t</TT> objects for concurrent processing of multiple user
connections. This architecture has a drawback: the entire process and
all its threads may block for the duration of a <I>disk</I> or other
non-network I/O operation, whether through State Threads I/O functions,
direct system calls, or standard I/O functions. (This is applicable
mostly to disk <I>reads</I>; disk <I>writes</I> are usually performed
asynchronously -- data goes to the buffer cache to be written to disk
later.) Fortunately, disk I/O (unlike network I/O) usually takes a
finite and predictable amount of time, but this may not be true for
special devices or user input devices (including stdin). Nevertheless,
such I/O reduces throughput of the system and increases response times.
There are several ways to design an application to overcome this
drawback:
<P>
<UL>
<LI>Create several identical main processes as described above (symmetric
architecture). This will improve CPU utilization and thus improve the
overall throughput of the system.</LI>
<P>
<LI>Create multiple "helper" processes in addition to the main process that
will handle blocking I/O operations (asymmetric architecture).
This approach was suggested for Web servers in a
<A HREF="http://www.cs.rice.edu/~vivek/flash99/">paper</A> by Peter
Druschel et al. In this architecture the main process communicates with
a helper process via an IPC channel (<TT>pipe(2), socketpair(2)</TT>).
The main process instructs a helper to perform the potentially blocking
operation. Once the operation completes, the helper returns a
notification via IPC.
</UL>
<P>
<A NAME="timeouts">
<H3>Timeouts</H3>
The <TT>timeout</TT> parameter to <TT>st_cond_timedwait()</TT> and the
I/O functions, and the arguments to <TT>st_sleep()</TT> and
<TT>st_usleep()</TT> specify a maximum time to wait <I>since the last
context switch</I> not since the beginning of the function call.
<P>The State Threads' time resolution is actually the time interval
between context switches. That time interval may be large in some
situations, for example, when a single thread does a lot of work
continuously. Note that a steady, uninterrupted stream of network I/O
qualifies for this description; a context switch occurs only when a
thread blocks.
<P>If a specified I/O timeout is less than the time interval between
context switches the function may return with a timeout error before
that amount of time has elapsed since the beginning of the function
call. For example, if eight milliseconds have passed since the last
context switch and an I/O function with a timeout of 10 milliseconds
blocks, causing a switch, the call may return with a timeout error as
little as two milliseconds after it was called. (On Linux,
<TT>select()</TT>'s timeout is an <I>upper</I> bound on the amount of
time elapsed before select returns.) Similarly, if 12 ms have passed
already, the function may return immediately.
<P>In almost all cases I/O timeouts should be used only for detecting a
broken network connection or for preventing a peer from holding an idle
connection for too long. Therefore for most applications realistic I/O
timeouts should be on the order of seconds. Furthermore, there's
probably no point in retrying operations that time out. Rather than
retrying simply use a larger timeout in the first place.
<P>The largest valid timeout value is platform-dependent and may be
significantly less than <TT>INT_MAX</TT> seconds for <TT>select()</TT>
or <TT>INT_MAX</TT> milliseconds for <TT>poll()</TT>. Generally, you
should not use timeouts exceeding several hours. Use
<tt>ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT</tt> (<tt>-1</tt>) as a special value to
indicate infinite timeout or indefinite sleep. Use
<tt>ST_UTIME_NO_WAIT</tt> (<tt>0</tt>) to indicate no waiting at all.
<P>
<HR>
<P>
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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>State Threads for Internet Applications</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF>
<H2>State Threads for Internet Applications</H2>
<H3>Introduction</H3>
<P>
State Threads is an application library which provides a
foundation for writing fast and highly scalable Internet Applications
on UNIX-like platforms. It combines the simplicity of the multithreaded
programming paradigm, in which one thread supports each simultaneous
connection, with the performance and scalability of an event-driven
state machine architecture.</P>
<H3>1. Definitions</H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IA">
<H4>1.1 Internet Applications</H4>
</A>
<P>
An <I>Internet Application</I> (IA) is either a server or client network
application that accepts connections from clients and may or may not
connect to servers. In an IA the arrival or departure of network data
often controls processing (that is, IA is a <I>data-driven</I> application).
For each connection, an IA does some finite amount of work
involving data exchange with its peer, where its peer may be either
a client or a server.
The typical transaction steps of an IA are to accept a connection,
read a request, do some finite and predictable amount of work to
process the request, then write a response to the peer that sent the
request. One example of an IA is a Web server;
the most general example of an IA is a proxy server, because it both
accepts connections from clients and connects to other servers.</P>
<P>
We assume that the performance of an IA is constrained by available CPU
cycles rather than network bandwidth or disk I/O (that is, CPU
is a bottleneck resource).
<P>
<A NAME="PS">
<H4>1.2 Performance and Scalability</H4>
</A>
<P>
The <I>performance</I> of an IA is usually evaluated as its
throughput measured in transactions per second or bytes per second (one
can be converted to the other, given the average transaction size). There are
several benchmarks that can be used to measure throughput of Web serving
applications for specific workloads (such as
<A HREF="http://www.spec.org/osg/web96/">SPECweb96</A>,
<A HREF="http://www.mindcraft.com/webstone/">WebStone</A>,
<A HREF="http://www.zdnet.com/zdbop/webbench/">WebBench</A>).
Although there is no common definition for <I>scalability</I>, in general it
expresses the ability of an application to sustain its performance when some
external condition changes. For IAs this external condition is either the
number of clients (also known as "users," "simultaneous connections," or "load
generators") or the underlying hardware system size (number of CPUs, memory
size, and so on). Thus there are two types of scalability: <I>load
scalability</I> and <I>system scalability</I>, respectively.
<P>
The figure below shows how the throughput of an idealized IA changes with
the increasing number of clients (solid blue line). Initially the throughput
grows linearly (the slope represents the maximal throughput that one client
can provide). Within this initial range, the IA is underutilized and CPUs are
partially idle. Further increase in the number of clients leads to a system
saturation, and the throughput gradually stops growing as all CPUs become fully
utilized. After that point, the throughput stays flat because there are no
more CPU cycles available.
In the real world, however, each simultaneous connection
consumes some computational and memory resources, even when idle, and this
overhead grows with the number of clients. Therefore, the throughput of the
real world IA starts dropping after some point (dashed blue line in the figure
below). The rate at which the throughput drops depends, among other things, on
application design.
<P>
We say that an application has a good <I>load scalability</I> if it can
sustain its throughput over a wide range of loads.
Interestingly, the <A HREF="http://www.spec.org/osg/web99/">SPECweb99</A>
benchmark somewhat reflects the Web server's load scalability because it
measures the number of clients (load generators) given a mandatory minimal
throughput per client (that is, it measures the server's <I>capacity</I>).
This is unlike <A HREF="http://www.spec.org/osg/web96/">SPECweb96</A> and
other benchmarks that use the throughput as their main metric (see the figure
below).
<P>
<CENTER><IMG SRC="fig.gif" ALT="Figure: Throughput vs. Number of clients">
</CENTER>
<P>
<I>System scalability</I> is the ability of an application to sustain its
performance per hardware unit (such as a CPU) with the increasing number of
these units. In other words, good system scalability means that doubling the
number of processors will roughly double the application's throughput (dashed
green line). We assume here that the underlying operating system also scales
well. Good system scalability allows you to initially run an application on
the smallest system possible, while retaining the ability to move that
application to a larger system if necessary, without excessive effort or
expense. That is, an application need not be rewritten or even undergo a
major porting effort when changing system size.
<P>
Although scalability and performance are more important in the case of server
IAs, they should also be considered for some client applications (such as
benchmark load generators).
<P>
<A NAME="CONC">
<H4>1.3 Concurrency</H4>
</A>
<P>
Concurrency reflects the parallelism in a system. The two unrelated types
are <I>virtual</I> concurrency and <I>real</I> concurrency.
<UL>
<LI>Virtual (or apparent) concurrency is the number of simultaneous
connections that a system supports.
<BR><BR>
<LI>Real concurrency is the number of hardware devices, including
CPUs, network cards, and disks, that actually allow a system to perform
tasks in parallel.
</UL>
<P>
An IA must provide virtual concurrency in order to serve many users
simultaneously.
To achieve maximum performance and scalability in doing so, the number of
programming entities than an IA creates to be scheduled by the OS kernel
should be
kept close to (within an order of magnitude of) the real concurrency found on
the system. These programming entities scheduled by the kernel are known as
<I>kernel execution vehicles</I>. Examples of kernel execution vehicles
include Solaris lightweight processes and IRIX kernel threads.
In other words, the number of kernel execution vehicles should be dictated by
the system size and not by the number of simultaneous connections.
<P>
<H3>2. Existing Architectures</H3>
<P>
There are a few different architectures that are commonly used by IAs.
These include the <I>Multi-Process</I>,
<I>Multi-Threaded</I>, and <I>Event-Driven State Machine</I>
architectures.
<P>
<A NAME="MP">
<H4>2.1 Multi-Process Architecture</H4>
</A>
<P>
In the Multi-Process (MP) architecture, an individual process is
dedicated to each simultaneous connection.
A process performs all of a transaction's initialization steps
and services a connection completely before moving on to service
a new connection.
<P>
User sessions in IAs are relatively independent; therefore, no
synchronization between processes handling different connections is
necessary. Because each process has its own private address space,
this architecture is very robust. If a process serving one of the connections
crashes, the other sessions will not be affected. However, to serve many
concurrent connections, an equal number of processes must be employed.
Because processes are kernel entities (and are in fact the heaviest ones),
the number of kernel entities will be at least as large as the number of
concurrent sessions. On most systems, good performance will not be achieved
when more than a few hundred processes are created because of the high
context-switching overhead. In other words, MP applications have poor load
scalability.
<P>
On the other hand, MP applications have very good system scalability, because
no resources are shared among different processes and there is no
synchronization overhead.
<P>
The Apache Web Server 1.x (<A HREF=#refs1>[Reference 1]</A>) uses the MP
architecture on UNIX systems.
<P>
<A NAME="MT">
<H4>2.2 Multi-Threaded Architecture</H4>
</A>
<P>
In the Multi-Threaded (MT) architecture, multiple independent threads
of control are employed within a single shared address space. Like a
process in the MP architecture, each thread performs all of a
transaction's initialization steps and services a connection completely
before moving on to service a new connection.
<P>
Many modern UNIX operating systems implement a <I>many-to-few</I> model when
mapping user-level threads to kernel entities. In this model, an
arbitrarily large number of user-level threads is multiplexed onto a
lesser number of kernel execution vehicles. Kernel execution
vehicles are also known as <I>virtual processors</I>. Whenever a user-level
thread makes a blocking system call, the kernel execution vehicle it is using
will become blocked in the kernel. If there are no other non-blocked kernel
execution vehicles and there are other runnable user-level threads, a new
kernel execution vehicle will be created automatically. This prevents the
application from blocking when it can continue to make useful forward
progress.
<P>
Because IAs are by nature network I/O driven, all concurrent sessions block on
network I/O at various points. As a result, the number of virtual processors
created in the kernel grows close to the number of user-level threads
(or simultaneous connections). When this occurs, the many-to-few model
effectively degenerates to a <I>one-to-one</I> model. Again, like in
the MP architecture, the number of kernel execution vehicles is dictated by
the number of simultaneous connections rather than by number of CPUs. This
reduces an application's load scalability. However, because kernel threads
(lightweight processes) use fewer resources and are more light-weight than
traditional UNIX processes, an MT application should scale better with load
than an MP application.
<P>
Unexpectedly, the small number of virtual processors sharing the same address
space in the MT architecture destroys an application's system scalability
because of contention among the threads on various locks. Even if an
application itself is carefully
optimized to avoid lock contention around its own global data (a non-trivial
task), there are still standard library functions and system calls
that use common resources hidden from the application. For example,
on many platforms thread safety of memory allocation routines
(<TT>malloc(3)</TT>, <TT>free(3)</TT>, and so on) is achieved by using a single
global lock. Another example is a per-process file descriptor table.
This common resource table is shared by all kernel execution vehicles within
the same process and must be protected when one modifies it via
certain system calls (such as <TT>open(2)</TT>, <TT>close(2)</TT>, and so on).
In addition to that, maintaining the caches coherent
among CPUs on multiprocessor systems hurts performance when different threads
running on different CPUs modify data items on the same cache line.
<P>
In order to improve load scalability, some applications employ a different
type of MT architecture: they create one or more thread(s) <I>per task</I>
rather than one thread <I>per connection</I>. For example, one small group
of threads may be responsible for accepting client connections, another
for request processing, and yet another for serving responses. The main
advantage of this architecture is that it eliminates the tight coupling
between the number of threads and number of simultaneous connections. However,
in this architecture, different task-specific thread groups must share common
work queues that must be protected by mutual exclusion locks (a typical
producer-consumer problem). This adds synchronization overhead that causes an
application to perform badly on multiprocessor systems. In other words, in
this architecture, the application's system scalability is sacrificed for the
sake of load scalability.
<P>
Of course, the usual nightmares of threaded programming, including data
corruption, deadlocks, and race conditions, also make MT architecture (in any
form) non-simplistic to use.
<P>
<A NAME="EDSM">
<H4>2.3 Event-Driven State Machine Architecture</H4>
</A>
<P>
In the Event-Driven State Machine (EDSM) architecture, a single process
is employed to concurrently process multiple connections. The basics of this
architecture are described in Comer and Stevens
<A HREF=#refs2>[Reference 2]</A>.
The EDSM architecture performs one basic data-driven step associated with
a particular connection at a time, thus multiplexing many concurrent
connections. The process operates as a state machine that receives an event
and then reacts to it.
<P>
In the idle state the EDSM calls <TT>select(2)</TT> or <TT>poll(2)</TT> to
wait for network I/O events. When a particular file descriptor is ready for
I/O, the EDSM completes the corresponding basic step (usually by invoking a
handler function) and starts the next one. This architecture uses
non-blocking system calls to perform asynchronous network I/O operations.
For more details on non-blocking I/O see Stevens
<A HREF=#refs3>[Reference 3]</A>.
<P>
To take advantage of hardware parallelism (real concurrency), multiple
identical processes may be created. This is called Symmetric Multi-Process
EDSM and is used, for example, in the Zeus Web Server
(<A HREF=#refs4>[Reference 4]</A>). To more efficiently multiplex disk I/O,
special "helper" processes may be created. This is called Asymmetric
Multi-Process EDSM and was proposed for Web servers by Druschel
and others <A HREF=#refs5>[Reference 5]</A>.
<P>
EDSM is probably the most scalable architecture for IAs.
Because the number of simultaneous connections (virtual concurrency) is
completely decoupled from the number of kernel execution vehicles (processes),
this architecture has very good load scalability. It requires only minimal
user-level resources to create and maintain additional connection.
<P>
Like MP applications, Multi-Process EDSM has very good system scalability
because no resources are shared among different processes and there is no
synchronization overhead.
<P>
Unfortunately, the EDSM architecture is monolithic rather than based on the
concept of threads, so new applications generally need to be implemented from
the ground up. In effect, the EDSM architecture simulates threads and their
stacks the hard way.
<P>
<A NAME="ST">
<H3>3. State Threads Library</H3>
</A>
<P>
The State Threads library combines the advantages of all of the above
architectures. The interface preserves the programming simplicity of thread
abstraction, allowing each simultaneous connection to be treated as a separate
thread of execution within a single process. The underlying implementation is
close to the EDSM architecture as the state of each particular concurrent
session is saved in a separate memory segment.
<P>
<H4>3.1 State Changes and Scheduling</H4>
<P>
The state of each concurrent session includes its stack environment
(stack pointer, program counter, CPU registers) and its stack. Conceptually,
a thread context switch can be viewed as a process changing its state. There
are no kernel entities involved other than processes.
Unlike other general-purpose threading libraries, the State Threads library
is fully deterministic. The thread context switch (process state change) can
only happen in a well-known set of functions (at I/O points or at explicit
synchronization points). As a result, process-specific global data does not
have to be protected by mutual exclusion locks in most cases. The entire
application is free to use all the static variables and non-reentrant library
functions it wants, greatly simplifying programming and debugging while
increasing performance. This is somewhat similar to a <I>co-routine</I> model
(co-operatively multitasked threads), except that no explicit yield is needed
--
sooner or later, a thread performs a blocking I/O operation and thus surrenders
control. All threads of execution (simultaneous connections) have the
same priority, so scheduling is non-preemptive, like in the EDSM architecture.
Because IAs are data-driven (processing is limited by the size of network
buffers and data arrival rates), scheduling is non-time-slicing.
<P>
Only two types of external events are handled by the library's
scheduler, because only these events can be detected by
<TT>select(2)</TT> or <TT>poll(2)</TT>: I/O events (a file descriptor is ready
for I/O) and time events
(some timeout has expired). However, other types of events (such as
a signal sent to a process) can also be handled by converting them to I/O
events. For example, a signal handling function can perform a write to a pipe
(<TT>write(2)</TT> is reentrant/asynchronous-safe), thus converting a signal
event to an I/O event.
<P>
To take advantage of hardware parallelism, as in the EDSM architecture,
multiple processes can be created in either a symmetric or asymmetric manner.
Process management is not in the library's scope but instead is left up to the
application.
<P>
There are several general-purpose threading libraries that implement a
<I>many-to-one</I> model (many user-level threads to one kernel execution
vehicle), using the same basic techniques as the State Threads library
(non-blocking I/O, event-driven scheduler, and so on). For an example, see GNU
Portable Threads (<A HREF=#refs6>[Reference 6]</A>). Because they are
general-purpose, these libraries have different objectives than the State
Threads library. The State Threads library is <I>not</I> a general-purpose
threading library,
but rather an application library that targets only certain types of
applications (IAs) in order to achieve the highest possible performance and
scalability for those applications.
<P>
<H4>3.2 Scalability</H4>
<P>
State threads are very lightweight user-level entities, and therefore creating
and maintaining user connections requires minimal resources. An application
using the State Threads library scales very well with the increasing number
of connections.
<P>
On multiprocessor systems an application should create multiple processes
to take advantage of hardware parallelism. Using multiple separate processes
is the <I>only</I> way to achieve the highest possible system scalability.
This is because duplicating per-process resources is the only way to avoid
significant synchronization overhead on multiprocessor systems. Creating
separate UNIX processes naturally offers resource duplication. Again,
as in the EDSM architecture, there is no connection between the number of
simultaneous connections (which may be very large and changes within a wide
range) and the number of kernel entities (which is usually small and constant).
In other words, the State Threads library makes it possible to multiplex a
large number of simultaneous connections onto a much smaller number of
separate processes, thus allowing an application to scale well with both
the load and system size.
<P>
<H4>3.3 Performance</H4>
<P>
Performance is one of the library's main objectives. The State Threads
library is implemented to minimize the number of system calls and
to make thread creation and context switching as fast as possible.
For example, per-thread signal mask does not exist (unlike
POSIX threads), so there is no need to save and restore a process's
signal mask on every thread context switch. This eliminates two system
calls per context switch. Signal events can be handled much more
efficiently by converting them to I/O events (see above).
<P>
<H4>3.4 Portability</H4>
<P>
The library uses the same general, underlying concepts as the EDSM
architecture, including non-blocking I/O, file descriptors, and
I/O multiplexing. These concepts are available in some form on most
UNIX platforms, making the library very portable across many
flavors of UNIX. There are only a few platform-dependent sections in the
source.
<P>
<H4>3.5 State Threads and NSPR</H4>
<P>
The State Threads library is a derivative of the Netscape Portable
Runtime library (NSPR) <A HREF=#refs7>[Reference 7]</A>. The primary goal of
NSPR is to provide a platform-independent layer for system facilities,
where system facilities include threads, thread synchronization, and I/O.
Performance and scalability are not the main concern of NSPR. The
State Threads library addresses performance and scalability while
remaining much smaller than NSPR. It is contained in 8 source files
as opposed to more than 400, but provides all the functionality that
is needed to write efficient IAs on UNIX-like platforms.
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=3>
<TR>
<TD></TD>
<TH>NSPR</TH>
<TH>State Threads</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><B>Lines of code</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT>~150,000</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT>~3000</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><B>Dynamic library size&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>(debug version)</B></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>IRIX</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT>~700 KB</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT>~60 KB</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Linux</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT>~900 KB</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT>~70 KB</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<H3>Conclusion</H3>
<P>
State Threads is an application library which provides a foundation for
writing <A HREF=#IA>Internet Applications</A>. To summarize, it has the
following <I>advantages</I>:
<P>
<UL>
<LI>It allows the design of fast and highly scalable applications. An
application will scale well with both load and number of CPUs.
<P>
<LI>It greatly simplifies application programming and debugging because, as a
rule, no mutual exclusion locking is necessary and the entire application is
free to use static variables and non-reentrant library functions.
</UL>
<P>
The library's main <I>limitation</I>:
<P>
<UL>
<LI>All I/O operations on sockets must use the State Thread library's I/O
functions because only those functions perform thread scheduling and prevent
the application's processes from blocking.
</UL>
<P>
<H3>References</H3>
<OL>
<A NAME="refs1">
<LI> Apache Software Foundation,
<A HREF="http://www.apache.org">http://www.apache.org</A>.
<A NAME="refs2">
<LI> Douglas E. Comer, David L. Stevens, <I>Internetworking With TCP/IP,
Vol. III: Client-Server Programming And Applications</I>, Second Edition,
Ch. 8, 12.
<A NAME="refs3">
<LI> W. Richard Stevens, <I>UNIX Network Programming</I>, Second Edition,
Vol. 1, Ch. 15.
<A NAME="refs4">
<LI> Zeus Technology Limited,
<A HREF="http://www.zeus.co.uk/">http://www.zeus.co.uk</A>.
<A NAME="refs5">
<LI> Peter Druschel, Vivek S. Pai, Willy Zwaenepoel,
<A HREF="http://www.cs.rice.edu/~druschel/usenix99flash.ps.gz">
Flash: An Efficient and Portable Web Server</A>. In <I>Proceedings of the
USENIX 1999 Annual Technical Conference</I>, Monterey, CA, June 1999.
<A NAME="refs6">
<LI> GNU Portable Threads,
<A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/pth/">http://www.gnu.org/software/pth/</A>.
<A NAME="refs7">
<LI> Netscape Portable Runtime,
<A HREF="http://www.mozilla.org/docs/refList/refNSPR/">http://www.mozilla.org/docs/refList/refNSPR/</A>.
</OL>
<H3>Other resources covering various architectural issues in IAs</H3>
<OL START=8>
<LI> Dan Kegel, <I>The C10K problem</I>,
<A HREF="http://www.kegel.com/c10k.html">http://www.kegel.com/c10k.html</A>.
</LI>
<LI> James C. Hu, Douglas C. Schmidt, Irfan Pyarali, <I>JAWS: Understanding
High Performance Web Systems</I>,
<A HREF="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~jxh/research/research.html">http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~jxh/research/research.html</A>.</LI>
</OL>
<P>
<HR>
<P>
<CENTER><FONT SIZE=-1>Portions created by SGI are Copyright &copy; 2000
Silicon Graphics, Inc. All rights reserved.</FONT></CENTER>
<P>
</BODY>
</HTML>

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How the timeout heap works
As of version 1.5, the State Threads Library represents the queue of
sleeping threads using a heap data structure rather than a sorted
linked list. This improves performance when there is a large number
of sleeping threads, since insertion into a heap takes O(log N) time
while insertion into a sorted list takes O(N) time. For example, in
one test 1000 threads were created, each thread called st_usleep()
with a random time interval, and then all the threads where
immediately interrupted and joined before the sleeps had a chance to
finish. The whole process was repeated 1000 times, for a total of a
million sleep queue insertions and removals. With the old list-based
sleep queue, this test took 100 seconds; now it takes only 12 seconds.
Heap data structures are typically based on dynamically resized
arrays. However, since the existing ST code base was very nicely
structured around linking the thread objects into pointer-based lists
without the need for any auxiliary data structures, implementing the
heap using a similar nodes-and-pointers based approach seemed more
appropriate for ST than introducing a separate array.
Thus, the new ST timeout heap works by organizing the existing
_st_thread_t objects in a balanced binary tree, just as they were
previously organized into a doubly-linked, sorted list. The global
_ST_SLEEPQ variable, formerly a linked list head, is now simply a
pointer to the root of this tree, and the root node of the tree is the
thread with the earliest timeout. Each thread object has two child
pointers, "left" and "right", pointing to threads with later timeouts.
Each node in the tree is numbered with an integer index, corresponding
to the array index in an array-based heap, and the tree is kept fully
balanced and left-adjusted at all times. In other words, the tree
consists of any number of fully populated top levels, followed by a
single bottom level which may be partially populated, such that any
existing nodes form a contiguous block to the left and the spaces for
missing nodes form a contiguous block to the right. For example, if
there are nine threads waiting for a timeout, they are numbered and
arranged in a tree exactly as follows:
1
/ \
2 3
/ \ / \
4 5 6 7
/ \
8 9
Each node has either no children, only a left child, or both a left
and a right child. Children always time out later than their parents
(this is called the "heap invariant"), but when a node has two
children, their mutual order is unspecified - the left child may time
out before or after the right child. If a node is numbered N, its
left child is numbered 2N, and its right child is numbered 2N+1.
There is no pointer from a child to its parent; all pointers point
downward. Additions and deletions both work by starting at the root
and traversing the tree towards the leaves, going left or right
according to the binary digits forming the index of the destination
node. As nodes are added or deleted, existing nodes are rearranged to
maintain the heap invariant.

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#
# Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# 3. Neither the name of Silicon Graphics, Inc. nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
# TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
# PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
# SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
##########################
# Supported OSes:
#
# AIX
# FREEBSD
# HPUX
# HPUX_64
# IRIX
# IRIX_64
# LINUX
# LINUX_IA64
# NETBSD
# OPENBSD
# OSF1
# SOLARIS
# SOLARIS_64
##########################
CC = cc
SHELL = /bin/sh
ECHO = /bin/echo
DEPTH = ..
BUILD =
TARGETDIR =
DEFINES =
CFLAGS =
OTHER_FLAGS =
OBJDIR = $(DEPTH)/$(TARGETDIR)
INCDIR = $(DEPTH)/$(TARGETDIR)
LIBST = $(OBJDIR)/libst.a
HEADER = $(INCDIR)/st.h
LIBRESOLV =
EXTRALIBS =
ifeq ($(OS),)
EXAMPLES = unknown
else
EXAMPLES = $(OBJDIR)/lookupdns $(OBJDIR)/proxy $(OBJDIR)/server
endif
##########################
# Platform section.
#
ifeq (DARWIN, $(findstring DARWIN, $(OS)))
LIBRESOLV = -lresolv
endif
ifeq (LINUX, $(findstring LINUX, $(OS)))
LIBRESOLV = -lresolv
endif
ifeq (SOLARIS, $(findstring SOLARIS, $(OS)))
LIBRESOLV = -lresolv
EXTRALIBS = -lsocket -lnsl
endif
#
# End of platform section.
##########################
all: $(EXAMPLES)
$(OBJDIR)/lookupdns: lookupdns.c $(OBJDIR)/res.o $(LIBST) $(HEADER)
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -I$(INCDIR) lookupdns.c $(OBJDIR)/res.o $(LIBST) $(LIBRESOLV) $(EXTRALIBS) -o $@
$(OBJDIR)/proxy: proxy.c $(LIBST) $(HEADER)
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -I$(INCDIR) proxy.c $(LIBST) $(EXTRALIBS) -o $@
$(OBJDIR)/server: server.c $(OBJDIR)/error.o $(LIBST) $(HEADER)
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -I$(INCDIR) server.c $(OBJDIR)/error.o $(LIBST) $(EXTRALIBS) -o $@
$(OBJDIR)/%.o: %.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -I$(INCDIR) -c $< -o $@
.DEFAULT:
@cd $(DEPTH); $(MAKE) $@

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Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
This directory contains three example programs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROGRAM
lookupdns
FILES
lookupdns.c
res.c
USAGE
lookupdns <hostname1> [<hostname2>] ...
DESCRIPTION
This program performs asynchronous DNS host name resolution and reports
IP address for each <hostname> specified as a command line argument.
One ST thread is created for each host name. All threads do host name
resolution concurrently.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROGRAM
proxy
FILES
proxy.c
USAGE
proxy -l <local_addr> -r <remote_addr> [-p <num_processes>] [-S]
-l <local_addr> bind to local address specified as [<host>]:<port>
-r <remote_addr> connect to remote address specified as <host>:<port>
-p <num_processes> create specified number of processes
-S serialize accept() calls from different processes
on the same listening socket (if needed).
DESCRIPTION
This program acts as a generic gateway. It listens for connections to a
local address. Upon accepting a client connection, it connects to the
specified remote address and then just pumps the data through without any
modification.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROGRAM
server
FILES
server.c
error.c
USAGE
server -l <log_directory> [<options>]
-l <log_directory> open all log files in specified directory.
Possible options:
-b <host>:<port> bind to specified address (multiple addresses
are permitted)
-p <num_processes> create specified number of processes
-t <min_thr>:<max_thr> specify thread limits per listening socket
across all processes
-u <user> change server's user id to specified value
-q <backlog> set max length of pending connections queue
-a enable access logging
-i run in interactive mode (useful for debugging)
-S serialize accept() calls from different processes
on the same listening socket (if needed).
DESCRIPTION
This program is a general server example. It accepts a client connection
and outputs a short HTML page. It can be easily adapted to provide
other services.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

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/*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
* All Rights Reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of Silicon Graphics, Inc. nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
* TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "st.h"
/*
* Simple error reporting functions.
* Suggested in W. Richard Stevens' "Advanced Programming in UNIX
* Environment".
*/
#define MAXLINE 4096 /* max line length */
static void err_doit(int, int, const char *, va_list);
/*
* Nonfatal error related to a system call.
* Print a message and return.
*/
void err_sys_report(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, fmt);
err_doit(fd, 1, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
}
/*
* Fatal error related to a system call.
* Print a message and terminate.
*/
void err_sys_quit(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, fmt);
err_doit(fd, 1, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
exit(1);
}
/*
* Fatal error related to a system call.
* Print a message, dump core, and terminate.
*/
void err_sys_dump(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, fmt);
err_doit(fd, 1, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
abort(); /* dump core and terminate */
exit(1); /* shouldn't get here */
}
/*
* Nonfatal error unrelated to a system call.
* Print a message and return.
*/
void err_report(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, fmt);
err_doit(fd, 0, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
}
/*
* Fatal error unrelated to a system call.
* Print a message and terminate.
*/
void err_quit(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, fmt);
err_doit(fd, 0, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
exit(1);
}
/*
* Return a pointer to a string containing current time.
*/
char *err_tstamp(void)
{
static char *months[] = { "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
"Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec" };
static char str[32];
static time_t lastt = 0;
struct tm *tmp;
time_t currt = st_time();
if (currt == lastt)
return str;
tmp = localtime(&currt);
sprintf(str, "[%02d/%s/%d:%02d:%02d:%02d] ", tmp->tm_mday,
months[tmp->tm_mon], 1900 + tmp->tm_year, tmp->tm_hour,
tmp->tm_min, tmp->tm_sec);
lastt = currt;
return str;
}
/*
* Print a message and return to caller.
* Caller specifies "errnoflag".
*/
static void err_doit(int fd, int errnoflag, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
int errno_save;
char buf[MAXLINE];
errno_save = errno; /* value caller might want printed */
strcpy(buf, err_tstamp()); /* prepend a message with time stamp */
vsprintf(buf + strlen(buf), fmt, ap);
if (errnoflag)
sprintf(buf + strlen(buf), ": %s\n", strerror(errno_save));
else
strcat(buf, "\n");
write(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
errno = errno_save;
}

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/*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
* All Rights Reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of Silicon Graphics, Inc. nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
* TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include "st.h"
#if !defined(NETDB_INTERNAL) && defined(h_NETDB_INTERNAL)
#define NETDB_INTERNAL h_NETDB_INTERNAL
#endif
/* Resolution timeout (in microseconds) */
#define TIMEOUT (2*1000000LL)
/* External function defined in the res.c file */
int dns_getaddr(const char *host, struct in_addr *addr, st_utime_t timeout);
void *do_resolve(void *host)
{
struct in_addr addr;
/* Use dns_getaddr() instead of gethostbyname(3) to get IP address */
if (dns_getaddr(host, &addr, TIMEOUT) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "dns_getaddr: can't resolve %s: ", (char *)host);
if (h_errno == NETDB_INTERNAL)
perror("");
else
herror("");
} else
printf("%-40s %s\n", (char *)host, inet_ntoa(addr));
return NULL;
}
/*
* Asynchronous DNS host name resolution. This program creates one
* ST thread for each host name (specified as command line arguments).
* All threads do host name resolution concurrently.
*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i;
if (argc < 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <hostname1> [<hostname2>] ...\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
if (st_init() < 0) {
perror("st_init");
exit(1);
}
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
/* Create a separate thread for each host name */
if (st_thread_create(do_resolve, argv[i], 0, 0) == NULL) {
perror("st_thread_create");
exit(1);
}
}
st_thread_exit(NULL);
/* NOTREACHED */
return 1;
}

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/*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
* All Rights Reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of Silicon Graphics, Inc. nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
* TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include "st.h"
#define IOBUFSIZE (16*1024)
#define IOV_LEN 256
#define IOV_COUNT (IOBUFSIZE / IOV_LEN)
#ifndef INADDR_NONE
#define INADDR_NONE 0xffffffff
#endif
static char *prog; /* Program name */
static struct sockaddr_in rmt_addr; /* Remote address */
static unsigned long testing;
#define TESTING_VERBOSE 0x1
#define TESTING_READV 0x2
#define TESTING_READ_RESID 0x4
#define TESTING_WRITEV 0x8
#define TESTING_WRITE_RESID 0x10
static void read_address(const char *str, struct sockaddr_in *sin);
static void start_daemon(void);
static int cpu_count(void);
static void set_concurrency(int nproc);
static void *handle_request(void *arg);
static void print_sys_error(const char *msg);
/*
* This program acts as a generic gateway. It listens for connections
* to a local address ('-l' option). Upon accepting a client connection,
* it connects to the specified remote address ('-r' option) and then
* just pumps the data through without any modification.
*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
extern char *optarg;
int opt, sock, n;
int laddr, raddr, num_procs, alt_ev, one_process;
int serialize_accept = 0;
struct sockaddr_in lcl_addr, cli_addr;
st_netfd_t cli_nfd, srv_nfd;
prog = argv[0];
num_procs = laddr = raddr = alt_ev = one_process = 0;
/* Parse arguments */
while((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "l:r:p:Saht:X")) != EOF) {
switch (opt) {
case 'a':
alt_ev = 1;
break;
case 'l':
read_address(optarg, &lcl_addr);
laddr = 1;
break;
case 'r':
read_address(optarg, &rmt_addr);
if (rmt_addr.sin_addr.s_addr == INADDR_ANY) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid remote address: %s\n", prog, optarg);
exit(1);
}
raddr = 1;
break;
case 'p':
num_procs = atoi(optarg);
if (num_procs < 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid number of processes: %s\n", prog, optarg);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'S':
/*
* Serialization decision is tricky on some platforms. For example,
* Solaris 2.6 and above has kernel sockets implementation, so supposedly
* there is no need for serialization. The ST library may be compiled
* on one OS version, but used on another, so the need for serialization
* should be determined at run time by the application. Since it's just
* an example, the serialization decision is left up to user.
* Only on platforms where the serialization is never needed on any OS
* version st_netfd_serialize_accept() is a no-op.
*/
serialize_accept = 1;
break;
case 't':
testing = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);
break;
case 'X':
one_process = 1;
break;
case 'h':
case '?':
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [options] -l <[host]:port> -r <host:port>\n",
prog);
fprintf(stderr, "options are:\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -p <num_processes> number of parallel processes\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -S serialize accepts\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -a use alternate event system\n");
#ifdef DEBUG
fprintf(stderr, " -t mask testing/debugging mode\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -X one process, don't daemonize\n");
#endif
exit(1);
}
}
if (!laddr) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: local address required\n", prog);
exit(1);
}
if (!raddr) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: remote address required\n", prog);
exit(1);
}
if (num_procs == 0)
num_procs = cpu_count();
fprintf(stderr, "%s: starting proxy daemon on %s:%d\n", prog,
inet_ntoa(lcl_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(lcl_addr.sin_port));
/* Start the daemon */
if (one_process)
num_procs = 1;
else
start_daemon();
if (alt_ev)
st_set_eventsys(ST_EVENTSYS_ALT);
/* Initialize the ST library */
if (st_init() < 0) {
print_sys_error("st_init");
exit(1);
}
/* Create and bind listening socket */
if ((sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
print_sys_error("socket");
exit(1);
}
n = 1;
if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *)&n, sizeof(n)) < 0) {
print_sys_error("setsockopt");
exit(1);
}
if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&lcl_addr, sizeof(lcl_addr)) < 0) {
print_sys_error("bind");
exit(1);
}
listen(sock, 128);
if ((srv_nfd = st_netfd_open_socket(sock)) == NULL) {
print_sys_error("st_netfd_open");
exit(1);
}
/* See the comment regarding serialization decision above */
if (num_procs > 1 && serialize_accept && st_netfd_serialize_accept(srv_nfd)
< 0) {
print_sys_error("st_netfd_serialize_accept");
exit(1);
}
/* Start server processes */
if (!one_process)
set_concurrency(num_procs);
for ( ; ; ) {
n = sizeof(cli_addr);
cli_nfd = st_accept(srv_nfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cli_addr, &n,
ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT);
if (cli_nfd == NULL) {
print_sys_error("st_accept");
exit(1);
}
if (st_thread_create(handle_request, cli_nfd, 0, 0) == NULL) {
print_sys_error("st_thread_create");
exit(1);
}
}
/* NOTREACHED */
return 1;
}
static void read_address(const char *str, struct sockaddr_in *sin)
{
char host[128], *p;
struct hostent *hp;
unsigned short port;
strcpy(host, str);
if ((p = strchr(host, ':')) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid address: %s\n", prog, host);
exit(1);
}
*p++ = '\0';
port = (unsigned short) atoi(p);
if (port < 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid port: %s\n", prog, p);
exit(1);
}
memset(sin, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
sin->sin_port = htons(port);
if (host[0] == '\0') {
sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
return;
}
sin->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(host);
if (sin->sin_addr.s_addr == INADDR_NONE) {
/* not dotted-decimal */
if ((hp = gethostbyname(host)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't resolve address: %s\n", prog, host);
exit(1);
}
memcpy(&sin->sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
}
}
#ifdef DEBUG
static void show_iov(const struct iovec *iov, int niov)
{
int i;
size_t total;
printf("iov %p has %d entries:\n", iov, niov);
total = 0;
for (i = 0; i < niov; i++) {
printf("iov[%3d] iov_base=%p iov_len=0x%lx(%lu)\n",
i, iov[i].iov_base, (unsigned long) iov[i].iov_len,
(unsigned long) iov[i].iov_len);
total += iov[i].iov_len;
}
printf("total 0x%lx(%ld)\n", (unsigned long) total, (unsigned long) total);
}
/*
* This version is tricked out to test all the
* st_(read|write)v?(_resid)? variants. Use the non-DEBUG version for
* anything serious. st_(read|write) are all this function really
* needs.
*/
static int pass(st_netfd_t in, st_netfd_t out)
{
char buf[IOBUFSIZE];
struct iovec iov[IOV_COUNT];
int ioviter, nw, nr;
if (testing & TESTING_READV) {
for (ioviter = 0; ioviter < IOV_COUNT; ioviter++) {
iov[ioviter].iov_base = &buf[ioviter * IOV_LEN];
iov[ioviter].iov_len = IOV_LEN;
}
if (testing & TESTING_VERBOSE) {
printf("readv(%p)...\n", in);
show_iov(iov, IOV_COUNT);
}
if (testing & TESTING_READ_RESID) {
struct iovec *riov = iov;
int riov_cnt = IOV_COUNT;
if (st_readv_resid(in, &riov, &riov_cnt, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT) == 0) {
if (testing & TESTING_VERBOSE) {
printf("resid\n");
show_iov(riov, riov_cnt);
printf("full\n");
show_iov(iov, IOV_COUNT);
}
nr = 0;
for (ioviter = 0; ioviter < IOV_COUNT; ioviter++)
nr += iov[ioviter].iov_len;
nr = IOBUFSIZE - nr;
} else
nr = -1;
} else
nr = (int) st_readv(in, iov, IOV_COUNT, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT);
} else {
if (testing & TESTING_READ_RESID) {
size_t resid = IOBUFSIZE;
if (st_read_resid(in, buf, &resid, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT) == 0)
nr = IOBUFSIZE - resid;
else
nr = -1;
} else
nr = (int) st_read(in, buf, IOBUFSIZE, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT);
}
if (testing & TESTING_VERBOSE)
printf("got 0x%x(%d) E=%d\n", nr, nr, errno);
if (nr <= 0)
return 0;
if (testing & TESTING_WRITEV) {
for (nw = 0, ioviter = 0; nw < nr;
nw += iov[ioviter].iov_len, ioviter++) {
iov[ioviter].iov_base = &buf[nw];
iov[ioviter].iov_len = nr - nw;
if (iov[ioviter].iov_len > IOV_LEN)
iov[ioviter].iov_len = IOV_LEN;
}
if (testing & TESTING_VERBOSE) {
printf("writev(%p)...\n", out);
show_iov(iov, ioviter);
}
if (testing & TESTING_WRITE_RESID) {
struct iovec *riov = iov;
int riov_cnt = ioviter;
if (st_writev_resid(out, &riov, &riov_cnt, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT) == 0) {
if (testing & TESTING_VERBOSE) {
printf("resid\n");
show_iov(riov, riov_cnt);
printf("full\n");
show_iov(iov, ioviter);
}
nw = 0;
while (--ioviter >= 0)
nw += iov[ioviter].iov_len;
nw = nr - nw;
} else
nw = -1;
} else
nw = st_writev(out, iov, ioviter, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT);
} else {
if (testing & TESTING_WRITE_RESID) {
size_t resid = nr;
if (st_write_resid(out, buf, &resid, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT) == 0)
nw = nr - resid;
else
nw = -1;
} else
nw = st_write(out, buf, nr, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT);
}
if (testing & TESTING_VERBOSE)
printf("put 0x%x(%d) E=%d\n", nw, nw, errno);
if (nw != nr)
return 0;
return 1;
}
#else /* DEBUG */
/*
* This version is the simple one suitable for serious use.
*/
static int pass(st_netfd_t in, st_netfd_t out)
{
char buf[IOBUFSIZE];
int nw, nr;
nr = (int) st_read(in, buf, IOBUFSIZE, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT);
if (nr <= 0)
return 0;
nw = st_write(out, buf, nr, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT);
if (nw != nr)
return 0;
return 1;
}
#endif
static void *handle_request(void *arg)
{
struct pollfd pds[2];
st_netfd_t cli_nfd, rmt_nfd;
int sock;
cli_nfd = (st_netfd_t) arg;
pds[0].fd = st_netfd_fileno(cli_nfd);
pds[0].events = POLLIN;
/* Connect to remote host */
if ((sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
print_sys_error("socket");
goto done;
}
if ((rmt_nfd = st_netfd_open_socket(sock)) == NULL) {
print_sys_error("st_netfd_open_socket");
close(sock);
goto done;
}
if (st_connect(rmt_nfd, (struct sockaddr *)&rmt_addr,
sizeof(rmt_addr), ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT) < 0) {
print_sys_error("st_connect");
st_netfd_close(rmt_nfd);
goto done;
}
pds[1].fd = sock;
pds[1].events = POLLIN;
/*
* Now just pump the data through.
* XXX This should use one thread for each direction for true full-duplex.
*/
for ( ; ; ) {
pds[0].revents = 0;
pds[1].revents = 0;
if (st_poll(pds, 2, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT) <= 0) {
print_sys_error("st_poll");
break;
}
if (pds[0].revents & POLLIN) {
if (!pass(cli_nfd, rmt_nfd))
break;
}
if (pds[1].revents & POLLIN) {
if (!pass(rmt_nfd, cli_nfd))
break;
}
}
st_netfd_close(rmt_nfd);
done:
st_netfd_close(cli_nfd);
return NULL;
}
static void start_daemon(void)
{
pid_t pid;
/* Start forking */
if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
print_sys_error("fork");
exit(1);
}
if (pid > 0)
exit(0); /* parent */
/* First child process */
setsid(); /* become session leader */
if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
print_sys_error("fork");
exit(1);
}
if (pid > 0) /* first child */
exit(0);
chdir("/");
umask(022);
}
/*
* Create separate processes ("virtual processors"). Since it's just an
* example, there is no watchdog - the parent just exits leaving children
* on their own.
*/
static void set_concurrency(int nproc)
{
pid_t pid;
int i;
if (nproc < 1)
nproc = 1;
for (i = 0; i < nproc; i++) {
if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
print_sys_error("fork");
exit(1);
}
/* Child returns */
if (pid == 0)
return;
}
/* Parent just exits */
exit(0);
}
static int cpu_count(void)
{
int n;
#if defined (_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN)
n = (int) sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
#elif defined (_SC_NPROC_ONLN)
n = (int) sysconf(_SC_NPROC_ONLN);
#elif defined (HPUX)
#include <sys/mpctl.h>
n = mpctl(MPC_GETNUMSPUS, 0, 0);
#else
n = -1;
errno = ENOSYS;
#endif
return n;
}
static void print_sys_error(const char *msg)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", prog, msg, strerror(errno));
}

305
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/*
* Copyright (c) 1985, 1988, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the University of
* California, Berkeley and its contributors.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
* All Rights Reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of Silicon Graphics, Inc. nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
* TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#if defined (DARWIN)
#define BIND_8_COMPAT
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/nameser.h>
#include <resolv.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "st.h"
#define MAXPACKET 1024
#if !defined(NETDB_INTERNAL) && defined(h_NETDB_INTERNAL)
#define NETDB_INTERNAL h_NETDB_INTERNAL
#endif
/* New in Solaris 7 */
#if !defined(_getshort) && defined(ns_get16)
#define _getshort(cp) ns_get16(cp)
#endif
typedef union {
HEADER hdr;
u_char buf[MAXPACKET];
} querybuf_t;
static int parse_answer(querybuf_t *ans, int len, struct in_addr *addr)
{
char buf[MAXPACKET];
HEADER *ahp;
u_char *cp, *eoa;
int type, n;
ahp = &ans->hdr;
eoa = ans->buf + len;
cp = ans->buf + sizeof(HEADER);
while (ahp->qdcount > 0) {
ahp->qdcount--;
cp += dn_skipname(cp, eoa) + QFIXEDSZ;
}
while (ahp->ancount > 0 && cp < eoa) {
ahp->ancount--;
if ((n = dn_expand(ans->buf, eoa, cp, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0)
break;
cp += n;
type = _getshort(cp);
cp += 8;
n = _getshort(cp);
cp += 2;
if (type == T_CNAME) {
cp += n;
continue;
}
memcpy(addr, cp, n);
return 0;
}
h_errno = TRY_AGAIN;
return -1;
}
static int query_domain(st_netfd_t nfd, const char *name, struct in_addr *addr,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
querybuf_t qbuf;
u_char *buf = qbuf.buf;
HEADER *hp = &qbuf.hdr;
int blen = sizeof(qbuf);
int i, len, id;
for (i = 0; i < _res.nscount; i++) {
len = res_mkquery(QUERY, name, C_IN, T_A, NULL, 0, NULL, buf, blen);
if (len <= 0) {
h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
return -1;
}
id = hp->id;
if (st_sendto(nfd, buf, len, (struct sockaddr *)&(_res.nsaddr_list[i]),
sizeof(struct sockaddr), timeout) != len) {
h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
/* EINTR means interrupt by other thread, NOT by a caught signal */
if (errno == EINTR)
return -1;
continue;
}
/* Wait for reply */
do {
len = st_recvfrom(nfd, buf, blen, NULL, NULL, timeout);
if (len <= 0)
break;
} while (id != hp->id);
if (len < HFIXEDSZ) {
h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
if (len >= 0)
errno = EMSGSIZE;
else if (errno == EINTR) /* see the comment above */
return -1;
continue;
}
hp->ancount = ntohs(hp->ancount);
hp->qdcount = ntohs(hp->qdcount);
if ((hp->rcode != NOERROR) || (hp->ancount == 0)) {
switch (hp->rcode) {
case NXDOMAIN:
h_errno = HOST_NOT_FOUND;
break;
case SERVFAIL:
h_errno = TRY_AGAIN;
break;
case NOERROR:
h_errno = NO_DATA;
break;
case FORMERR:
case NOTIMP:
case REFUSED:
default:
h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
}
continue;
}
if (parse_answer(&qbuf, len, addr) == 0)
return 0;
}
return -1;
}
#define CLOSE_AND_RETURN(ret) \
{ \
n = errno; \
st_netfd_close(nfd); \
errno = n; \
return (ret); \
}
int dns_getaddr(const char *host, struct in_addr *addr, st_utime_t timeout)
{
char name[MAXDNAME], **domain;
const char *cp;
int s, n, maxlen, dots;
int trailing_dot, tried_as_is;
st_netfd_t nfd;
if ((_res.options & RES_INIT) == 0 && res_init() == -1) {
h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
return -1;
}
if (_res.options & RES_USEVC) {
h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
errno = ENOSYS;
return -1;
}
if (!host || *host == '\0') {
h_errno = HOST_NOT_FOUND;
return -1;
}
/* Create UDP socket */
if ((s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
return -1;
}
if ((nfd = st_netfd_open_socket(s)) == NULL) {
h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
n = errno;
close(s);
errno = n;
return -1;
}
maxlen = sizeof(name) - 1;
n = 0;
dots = 0;
trailing_dot = 0;
tried_as_is = 0;
for (cp = host; *cp && n < maxlen; cp++) {
dots += (*cp == '.');
name[n++] = *cp;
}
if (name[n - 1] == '.')
trailing_dot = 1;
/*
* If there are dots in the name already, let's just give it a try
* 'as is'. The threshold can be set with the "ndots" option.
*/
if (dots >= _res.ndots) {
if (query_domain(nfd, host, addr, timeout) == 0)
CLOSE_AND_RETURN(0);
if (h_errno == NETDB_INTERNAL && errno == EINTR)
CLOSE_AND_RETURN(-1);
tried_as_is = 1;
}
/*
* We do at least one level of search if
* - there is no dot and RES_DEFNAME is set, or
* - there is at least one dot, there is no trailing dot,
* and RES_DNSRCH is set.
*/
if ((!dots && (_res.options & RES_DEFNAMES)) ||
(dots && !trailing_dot && (_res.options & RES_DNSRCH))) {
name[n++] = '.';
for (domain = _res.dnsrch; *domain; domain++) {
strncpy(name + n, *domain, maxlen - n);
if (query_domain(nfd, name, addr, timeout) == 0)
CLOSE_AND_RETURN(0);
if (h_errno == NETDB_INTERNAL && errno == EINTR)
CLOSE_AND_RETURN(-1);
if (!(_res.options & RES_DNSRCH))
break;
}
}
/*
* If we have not already tried the name "as is", do that now.
* note that we do this regardless of how many dots were in the
* name or whether it ends with a dot.
*/
if (!tried_as_is) {
if (query_domain(nfd, host, addr, timeout) == 0)
CLOSE_AND_RETURN(0);
}
CLOSE_AND_RETURN(-1);
}

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91
trunk/research/st-1.9/extensions/Makefile Normal file
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#
# Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# 3. Neither the name of Silicon Graphics, Inc. nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
# TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
# PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
# SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
CC = cc
SHELL = /bin/sh
ECHO = /bin/echo
DEPTH = ..
BUILD =
TARGETDIR = obj
DEFINES =
OTHER_FLAGS =
CFLAGS =
OBJDIR = $(DEPTH)/$(TARGETDIR)
INCDIR = $(DEPTH)/$(TARGETDIR)
LIBRESOLV =
EXTRALIBS =
SLIBRARY = $(OBJDIR)/libstx.a
OBJS = $(OBJDIR)/dnscache.o $(OBJDIR)/dnsres.o $(OBJDIR)/lrucache.o
CFLAGS += -Wall -I$(INCDIR)
AR = ar
ARFLAGS = rv
RANLIB = ranlib
##########################
# Platform section.
#
ifeq (LINUX, $(findstring LINUX, $(OS)))
LIBRESOLV = -lresolv
endif
ifeq ($(OS), SOLARIS)
LIBRESOLV = -lresolv
EXTRALIBS = -lsocket -lnsl
endif
#
# End of platform section.
##########################
all: $(SLIBRARY)
$(SLIBRARY): $(OBJS)
$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $(OBJS)
$(RANLIB) $@
$(OBJDIR)/%.o: %.c stx.h common.h
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
clean:
rm -rf $(OBJS) $(SLIBRARY)
#.DEFAULT:
# @cd $(DEPTH); $(MAKE) $@

42
trunk/research/st-1.9/extensions/README Normal file
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This directory contains extensions to the core State Threads Library
that were contributed by users. All files hereunder are not part of the
State Threads Library itself. They are provided as-is, without warranty
or support, and under whatever license terms their authors provided. To
contribute your own extensions, just mail them to the project
administrators or to one of the project's mailing lists; see
state-threads.sourceforge.net. Please indicate the license terms under
which the project may distribute your contribution.
========================================================================
stx_fileio
----------
Contributed by Jeff <jlb-st@houseofdistraction.com>, 4 Nov 2002.
Provides non-blocking random access file reading capability for
programs using the State Threads library. There is one public function:
ssize_t stx_file_read(st_netfd_t fd, off_t offset,
void *buf, size_t nbytes, st_utime_t timeout);
The implementation is not optimal in that the data is copied at least once
more than should be necessary. Its usefulness is limited to cases where
random access to a file is required and where starvation of other threads
is unacceptable.
The particular application which motivated this implementation was a UDP
file transfer protocol. Because the OS does very little buffering of UDP
traffic it is important that UDP transmission threads are not starved for
periods of time which are long relative to the interval required to
maintain a steady send rate.
Licensed under the same dual MPL/GPL as core State Threads.
========================================================================
stx_dns
-------
Documentation coming.
========================================================================

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trunk/research/st-1.9/extensions/common.h Normal file
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#ifndef _STX_COMMON_H_
#define _STX_COMMON_H_
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define STX_BEGIN_MACRO {
#define STX_END_MACRO }
/*****************************************
* Circular linked list definitions
*/
typedef struct _stx_clist {
struct _stx_clist *next;
struct _stx_clist *prev;
} stx_clist_t;
/* Insert element "_e" into the list, before "_l" */
#define STX_CLIST_INSERT_BEFORE(_e,_l) \
STX_BEGIN_MACRO \
(_e)->next = (_l); \
(_e)->prev = (_l)->prev; \
(_l)->prev->next = (_e); \
(_l)->prev = (_e); \
STX_END_MACRO
/* Insert element "_e" into the list, after "_l" */
#define STX_CLIST_INSERT_AFTER(_e,_l) \
STX_BEGIN_MACRO \
(_e)->next = (_l)->next; \
(_e)->prev = (_l); \
(_l)->next->prev = (_e); \
(_l)->next = (_e); \
STX_END_MACRO
/* Append an element "_e" to the end of the list "_l" */
#define STX_CLIST_APPEND_LINK(_e,_l) STX_CLIST_INSERT_BEFORE(_e,_l)
/* Remove the element "_e" from it's circular list */
#define STX_CLIST_REMOVE_LINK(_e) \
STX_BEGIN_MACRO \
(_e)->prev->next = (_e)->next; \
(_e)->next->prev = (_e)->prev; \
STX_END_MACRO
/* Return the head/tail of the list */
#define STX_CLIST_HEAD(_l) (_l)->next
#define STX_CLIST_TAIL(_l) (_l)->prev
/* Return non-zero if the given circular list "_l" is empty, */
/* zero if the circular list is not empty */
#define STX_CLIST_IS_EMPTY(_l) \
((_l)->next == (_l))
/* Initialize a circular list */
#define STX_CLIST_INIT_CLIST(_l) \
STX_BEGIN_MACRO \
(_l)->next = (_l); \
(_l)->prev = (_l); \
STX_END_MACRO
/*****************************************
* Useful macros
*/
#ifndef offsetof
#define offsetof(type, identifier) ((size_t)&(((type *)0)->identifier))
#endif
#define STX_MIN(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
#endif /* !_STX_COMMON_H_ */

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#include "stx.h"
#include "common.h"
/*****************************************
* Basic types definitions
*/
typedef struct _stx_dns_data {
struct in_addr *addrs;
int num_addrs;
int cur;
time_t expires;
} stx_dns_data_t;
#define MAX_HOST_ADDRS 1024
static struct in_addr addr_list[MAX_HOST_ADDRS];
stx_cache_t *_stx_dns_cache = NULL;
extern int _stx_dns_ttl;
extern int _stx_dns_getaddrlist(const char *hostname, struct in_addr *addrs,
int *num_addrs, st_utime_t timeout);
static unsigned long hash_hostname(const void *key)
{
const char *name = (const char *)key;
unsigned long hash = 0;
while (*name)
hash = (hash << 4) - hash + *name++; /* hash = hash * 15 + *name++ */
return hash;
}
static void cleanup_entry(void *key, void *data)
{
if (key)
free(key);
if (data) {
if (((stx_dns_data_t *)data)->addrs)
free(((stx_dns_data_t *)data)->addrs);
free(data);
}
}
static int lookup_entry(const char *host, struct in_addr *addrs,
int *num_addrs, int rotate)
{
stx_cache_entry_t *entry;
stx_dns_data_t *data;
int n;
entry = stx_cache_entry_lookup(_stx_dns_cache, host);
if (entry) {
data = (stx_dns_data_t *)stx_cache_entry_getdata(entry);
if (st_time() <= data->expires) {
if (*num_addrs == 1) {
if (rotate) {
*addrs = data->addrs[data->cur++];
if (data->cur >= data->num_addrs)
data->cur = 0;
} else {
*addrs = data->addrs[0];
}
} else {
n = STX_MIN(*num_addrs, data->num_addrs);
memcpy(addrs, data->addrs, n * sizeof(*addrs));
*num_addrs = n;
}
stx_cache_entry_release(_stx_dns_cache, entry);
return 1;
}
/*
* Cache entry expired: decrement its refcount and purge it from cache.
*/
stx_cache_entry_release(_stx_dns_cache, entry);
stx_cache_entry_delete(_stx_dns_cache, entry);
}
return 0;
}
static void insert_entry(const char *host, struct in_addr *addrs, int count)
{
stx_cache_entry_t *entry;
stx_dns_data_t *data;
char *key;
size_t n;
if (_stx_dns_ttl > 0) {
key = strdup(host);
data = (stx_dns_data_t *)malloc(sizeof(stx_dns_data_t));
n = count * sizeof(*addrs);
if (data) {
data->addrs = (struct in_addr *)malloc(n);
if (data->addrs)
memcpy(data->addrs, addrs, n);
data->num_addrs = count;
data->cur = 0;
data->expires = st_time() + _stx_dns_ttl;
}
entry = stx_cache_entry_create(key, data, strlen(host) + 1 +
sizeof(stx_dns_data_t) + n +
stx_cache_entry_sizeof());
if (key && data && data->addrs && entry &&
stx_cache_entry_insert(_stx_dns_cache, entry) == 0) {
stx_cache_entry_release(_stx_dns_cache, entry);
return;
}
if (entry)
stx_cache_entry_delete(_stx_dns_cache, entry);
else
cleanup_entry(key, data);
}
}
int _stx_dns_cache_getaddrlist(const char *hostname, struct in_addr *addrs,
int *num_addrs, st_utime_t timeout,
int rotate)
{
char host[128];
int n, count;
if (!_stx_dns_cache)
return _stx_dns_getaddrlist(hostname, addrs, num_addrs, timeout);
for (n = 0; n < sizeof(host) - 1 && hostname[n]; n++) {
host[n] = tolower(hostname[n]);
}
host[n] = '\0';
if (lookup_entry(host, addrs, num_addrs, rotate))
return 0;
count = MAX_HOST_ADDRS;
if (_stx_dns_getaddrlist(host, addr_list, &count, timeout) < 0)
return -1;
n = STX_MIN(*num_addrs, count);
memcpy(addrs, addr_list, n * sizeof(*addrs));
*num_addrs = n;
insert_entry(host, addr_list, count);
return 0;
}
int stx_dns_cache_init(size_t max_size, size_t max_bytes, size_t hash_size)
{
_stx_dns_cache = stx_cache_create(max_size, max_bytes, hash_size,
hash_hostname,
(long (*)(const void *, const void *))strcmp,
cleanup_entry);
if (!_stx_dns_cache)
return -1;
return 0;
}
void stx_dns_cache_getinfo(stx_cache_info_t *info)
{
if (_stx_dns_cache)
stx_cache_getinfo(_stx_dns_cache, info);
else
memset(info, 0, sizeof(stx_cache_info_t));
}
int stx_dns_getaddrlist(const char *hostname, struct in_addr *addrs,
int *num_addrs, st_utime_t timeout)
{
return _stx_dns_cache_getaddrlist(hostname, addrs, num_addrs, timeout, 0);
}
int stx_dns_getaddr(const char *hostname, struct in_addr *addr,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
int n = 1;
return _stx_dns_cache_getaddrlist(hostname, addr, &n, timeout, 1);
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 1985, 1988, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the University of
* California, Berkeley and its contributors.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
* All Rights Reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of Silicon Graphics, Inc. nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
* TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include "stx.h"
#define MAXPACKET 1024
#if !defined(NETDB_INTERNAL) && defined(h_NETDB_INTERNAL)
#define NETDB_INTERNAL h_NETDB_INTERNAL
#endif
/* New in Solaris 7 */
#if !defined(_getshort) && defined(ns_get16)
#define _getshort(cp) ns_get16(cp)
#define _getlong(cp) ns_get32(cp)
#endif
typedef union {
HEADER hdr;
u_char buf[MAXPACKET];
} querybuf_t;
int _stx_dns_ttl;
static int parse_answer(querybuf_t *ans, int len, struct in_addr *addrs,
int *num_addrs)
{
char buf[MAXPACKET];
HEADER *ahp;
u_char *cp, *eoa;
int type, n, i;
ahp = &ans->hdr;
eoa = ans->buf + len;
cp = ans->buf + sizeof(HEADER);
h_errno = TRY_AGAIN;
_stx_dns_ttl = -1;
i = 0;
while (ahp->qdcount > 0) {
ahp->qdcount--;
cp += dn_skipname(cp, eoa) + QFIXEDSZ;
}
while (ahp->ancount > 0 && cp < eoa && i < *num_addrs) {
ahp->ancount--;
if ((n = dn_expand(ans->buf, eoa, cp, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0)
return -1;
cp += n;
if (cp + 4 + 4 + 2 >= eoa)
return -1;
type = _getshort(cp);
cp += 4;
if (type == T_A)
_stx_dns_ttl = _getlong(cp);
cp += 4;
n = _getshort(cp);
cp += 2;
if (type == T_A) {
if (n > sizeof(*addrs) || cp + n > eoa)
return -1;
memcpy(&addrs[i++], cp, n);
}
cp += n;
}
*num_addrs = i;
return 0;
}
static int query_domain(st_netfd_t nfd, const char *name,
struct in_addr *addrs, int *num_addrs,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
querybuf_t qbuf;
u_char *buf = qbuf.buf;
HEADER *hp = &qbuf.hdr;
int blen = sizeof(qbuf);
int i, len, id;
for (i = 0; i < _res.nscount; i++) {
len = res_mkquery(QUERY, name, C_IN, T_A, NULL, 0, NULL, buf, blen);
if (len <= 0) {
h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
return -1;
}
id = hp->id;
if (st_sendto(nfd, buf, len, (struct sockaddr *)&(_res.nsaddr_list[i]),
sizeof(struct sockaddr), timeout) != len) {
h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
/* EINTR means interrupt by other thread, NOT by a caught signal */
if (errno == EINTR)
return -1;
continue;
}
/* Wait for reply */
do {
len = st_recvfrom(nfd, buf, blen, NULL, NULL, timeout);
if (len <= 0)
break;
} while (id != hp->id);
if (len < HFIXEDSZ) {
h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
if (len >= 0)
errno = EMSGSIZE;
else if (errno == EINTR) /* see the comment above */
return -1;
continue;
}
hp->ancount = ntohs(hp->ancount);
hp->qdcount = ntohs(hp->qdcount);
if ((hp->rcode != NOERROR) || (hp->ancount == 0)) {
switch (hp->rcode) {
case NXDOMAIN:
h_errno = HOST_NOT_FOUND;
break;
case SERVFAIL:
h_errno = TRY_AGAIN;
break;
case NOERROR:
h_errno = NO_DATA;
break;
case FORMERR:
case NOTIMP:
case REFUSED:
default:
h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
}
continue;
}
if (parse_answer(&qbuf, len, addrs, num_addrs) == 0)
return 0;
}
return -1;
}
#define CLOSE_AND_RETURN(ret) \
{ \
n = errno; \
st_netfd_close(nfd); \
errno = n; \
return (ret); \
}
int _stx_dns_getaddrlist(const char *host, struct in_addr *addrs,
int *num_addrs, st_utime_t timeout)
{
char name[MAXDNAME], **domain;
const char *cp;
int s, n, maxlen, dots;
int trailing_dot, tried_as_is;
st_netfd_t nfd;
if ((_res.options & RES_INIT) == 0 && res_init() == -1) {
h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
return -1;
}
if (_res.options & RES_USEVC) {
h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
errno = ENOSYS;
return -1;
}
if (!host || *host == '\0') {
h_errno = HOST_NOT_FOUND;
return -1;
}
/* Create UDP socket */
if ((s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
return -1;
}
if ((nfd = st_netfd_open_socket(s)) == NULL) {
h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
n = errno;
close(s);
errno = n;
return -1;
}
maxlen = sizeof(name) - 1;
n = 0;
dots = 0;
trailing_dot = 0;
tried_as_is = 0;
for (cp = host; *cp && n < maxlen; cp++) {
dots += (*cp == '.');
name[n++] = *cp;
}
if (name[n - 1] == '.')
trailing_dot = 1;
/*
* If there are dots in the name already, let's just give it a try
* 'as is'. The threshold can be set with the "ndots" option.
*/
if (dots >= _res.ndots) {
if (query_domain(nfd, host, addrs, num_addrs, timeout) == 0)
CLOSE_AND_RETURN(0);
if (h_errno == NETDB_INTERNAL && errno == EINTR)
CLOSE_AND_RETURN(-1);
tried_as_is = 1;
}
/*
* We do at least one level of search if
* - there is no dot and RES_DEFNAME is set, or
* - there is at least one dot, there is no trailing dot,
* and RES_DNSRCH is set.
*/
if ((!dots && (_res.options & RES_DEFNAMES)) ||
(dots && !trailing_dot && (_res.options & RES_DNSRCH))) {
name[n++] = '.';
for (domain = _res.dnsrch; *domain; domain++) {
strncpy(name + n, *domain, maxlen - n);
if (query_domain(nfd, name, addrs, num_addrs, timeout) == 0)
CLOSE_AND_RETURN(0);
if (h_errno == NETDB_INTERNAL && errno == EINTR)
CLOSE_AND_RETURN(-1);
if (!(_res.options & RES_DNSRCH))
break;
}
}
/*
* If we have not already tried the name "as is", do that now.
* note that we do this regardless of how many dots were in the
* name or whether it ends with a dot.
*/
if (!tried_as_is) {
if (query_domain(nfd, host, addrs, num_addrs, timeout) == 0)
CLOSE_AND_RETURN(0);
}
CLOSE_AND_RETURN(-1);
}

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#include "stx.h"
#include "common.h"
/*****************************************
* Basic types definitions
*/
struct _stx_centry {
void *key; /* key for doing lookups */
void *data; /* data in the cache */
size_t weight; /* "weight" of this entry */
struct _stx_centry *next; /* next entry */
struct _stx_centry **pthis;
stx_clist_t lru_link; /* for putting this entry on LRU list */
int ref_count; /* use count for this entry */
int delete_pending; /* pending delete flag */
};
struct _stx_cache {
size_t max_size; /* max size of cache */
size_t cur_size; /* current size of cache */
size_t max_weight; /* cache capacity */
size_t cur_weight; /* current total "weight" of all entries */
size_t hash_size; /* size of hash table */
stx_cache_entry_t **table; /* hash table for this cache */
stx_clist_t lru_list; /* least-recently-used list */
/* Cache stats */
unsigned long hits; /* num cache hits */
unsigned long lookups; /* num cache lookups */
unsigned long inserts; /* num inserts */
unsigned long deletes; /* num deletes */
/* Functions */
unsigned long (*key_hash_fn)(const void *);
long (*key_cmp_fn)(const void *, const void *);
void (*cleanup_fn)(void *, void *);
};
#define STX_CACHE_ENTRY_PTR(_qp) \
((stx_cache_entry_t *)((char *)(_qp) - offsetof(stx_cache_entry_t, lru_link)))
/*****************************************
* Cache methods
*/
stx_cache_t *stx_cache_create(size_t max_size, size_t max_weight,
size_t hash_size,
unsigned long (*key_hash_fn)(const void *key),
long (*key_cmp_fn)(const void *key1,
const void *key2),
void (*cleanup_fn)(void *key, void *data))
{
stx_cache_t *newcache;
newcache = (stx_cache_t *)calloc(1, sizeof(stx_cache_t));
if (newcache == NULL)
return NULL;
newcache->table = (stx_cache_entry_t **)calloc(hash_size,
sizeof(stx_cache_entry_t *));
if (newcache->table == NULL) {
free(newcache);
return NULL;
}
newcache->max_size = max_size;
newcache->max_weight = max_weight;
newcache->hash_size = hash_size;
STX_CLIST_INIT_CLIST(&(newcache->lru_list));
newcache->key_hash_fn = key_hash_fn;
newcache->key_cmp_fn = key_cmp_fn;
newcache->cleanup_fn = cleanup_fn;
return newcache;
}
void stx_cache_empty(stx_cache_t *cache)
{
size_t i;
stx_cache_entry_t *entry, *next_entry;
for (i = 0; i < cache->hash_size; i++) {
entry = cache->table[i];
while (entry) {
next_entry = entry->next;
stx_cache_entry_delete(cache, entry);
entry = next_entry;
}
}
}
void stx_cache_traverse(stx_cache_t *cache,
void (*callback)(void *key, void *data))
{
size_t i;
stx_cache_entry_t *entry;
for (i = 0; i < cache->hash_size; i++) {
for (entry = cache->table[i]; entry; entry = entry->next) {
if (!entry->delete_pending)
(*callback)(entry->key, entry->data);
}
}
}
void stx_cache_traverse_lru(stx_cache_t *cache,
void (*callback)(void *key, void *data),
unsigned int n)
{
stx_clist_t *q;
stx_cache_entry_t *entry;
for (q = STX_CLIST_HEAD(&cache->lru_list); q != &cache->lru_list && n;
q = q->next, n--) {
entry = STX_CACHE_ENTRY_PTR(q);
(*callback)(entry->key, entry->data);
}
}
void stx_cache_traverse_mru(stx_cache_t *cache,
void (*callback)(void *key, void *data),
unsigned int n)
{
stx_clist_t *q;
stx_cache_entry_t *entry;
for (q = STX_CLIST_TAIL(&cache->lru_list); q != &cache->lru_list && n;
q = q->prev, n--) {
entry = STX_CACHE_ENTRY_PTR(q);
(*callback)(entry->key, entry->data);
}
}
size_t stx_cache_getsize(stx_cache_t *cache)
{
return cache->cur_size;
}
size_t stx_cache_getweight(stx_cache_t *cache)
{
return cache->cur_weight;
}
void stx_cache_getinfo(stx_cache_t *cache, stx_cache_info_t *info)
{
info->max_size = cache->max_size;
info->max_weight = cache->max_weight;
info->hash_size = cache->hash_size;
info->cur_size = cache->cur_size;
info->cur_weight = cache->cur_weight;
info->hits = cache->hits;
info->lookups = cache->lookups;
info->inserts = cache->inserts;
info->deletes = cache->deletes;
}
/*****************************************
* Cache entry methods
*/
stx_cache_entry_t *stx_cache_entry_create(void *key, void *data,
size_t weight)
{
stx_cache_entry_t *newentry;
newentry = (stx_cache_entry_t *)calloc(1, sizeof(stx_cache_entry_t));
if (newentry == NULL)
return NULL;
newentry->key = key;
newentry->data = data;
newentry->weight = weight;
return newentry;
}
void stx_cache_entry_delete(stx_cache_t *cache, stx_cache_entry_t *entry)
{
entry->delete_pending = 1;
if (entry->ref_count > 0)
return;
if (entry->pthis) {
*entry->pthis = entry->next;
if (entry->next)
entry->next->pthis = entry->pthis;
cache->cur_size--;
cache->cur_weight -= entry->weight;
cache->deletes++;
STX_CLIST_REMOVE_LINK(&(entry->lru_link));
}
if (cache->cleanup_fn)
cache->cleanup_fn(entry->key, entry->data);
entry->pthis = NULL;
entry->key = NULL;
entry->data = NULL;
free(entry);
}
stx_cache_entry_t *stx_cache_entry_lookup(stx_cache_t *cache, const void *key)
{
unsigned long bucket;
stx_cache_entry_t *entry;
cache->lookups++;
bucket = cache->key_hash_fn(key) % cache->hash_size;
for (entry = cache->table[bucket]; entry; entry = entry->next) {
if (!entry->delete_pending && cache->key_cmp_fn(key, entry->key) == 0)
break;
}
if (entry) {
cache->hits++;
if (entry->ref_count == 0)
STX_CLIST_REMOVE_LINK(&(entry->lru_link));
entry->ref_count++;
}
return entry;
}
void stx_cache_entry_release(stx_cache_t *cache, stx_cache_entry_t *entry)
{
if (entry->ref_count == 0)
return;
entry->ref_count--;
if (entry->ref_count == 0) {
STX_CLIST_APPEND_LINK(&(entry->lru_link), &(cache->lru_list));
if (entry->delete_pending)
stx_cache_entry_delete(cache, entry);
}
}
int stx_cache_entry_insert(stx_cache_t *cache, stx_cache_entry_t *entry)
{
stx_cache_entry_t *old_entry;
unsigned long bucket;
/*
* If cache capacity is exceeded, try to remove LRU entries till there is
* enough room or LRU list is empty.
*/
while (cache->cur_weight + entry->weight > cache->max_weight) {
old_entry = stx_cache_entry_getlru(cache);
if (!old_entry) {
/* cache capacity is exceeded and all entries are in use */
return -1;
}
stx_cache_entry_delete(cache, old_entry);
}
/* If cache size is exceeded, remove LRU entry */
if (cache->cur_size >= cache->max_size) {
old_entry = stx_cache_entry_getlru(cache);
if (!old_entry) {
/* cache size is exceeded and all entries are in use */
return -1;
}
stx_cache_entry_delete(cache, old_entry);
}
/* Don't add duplicate entries in the cache */
bucket = cache->key_hash_fn(entry->key) % cache->hash_size;
for (old_entry = cache->table[bucket]; old_entry;
old_entry = old_entry->next) {
if (!old_entry->delete_pending &&
cache->key_cmp_fn(entry->key, old_entry->key) == 0)
break;
}
if (old_entry)
stx_cache_entry_delete(cache, old_entry);
/* Insert in the hash table */
entry->next = cache->table[bucket];
cache->table[bucket] = entry;
entry->pthis = &cache->table[bucket];
if (entry->next)
entry->next->pthis = &entry->next;
entry->ref_count++;
cache->inserts++;
cache->cur_size++;
cache->cur_weight += entry->weight;
return 0;
}
stx_cache_entry_t *stx_cache_entry_getlru(stx_cache_t *cache)
{
if (STX_CLIST_IS_EMPTY(&(cache->lru_list)))
return NULL;
return STX_CACHE_ENTRY_PTR(STX_CLIST_HEAD(&(cache->lru_list)));
}
int stx_cache_entry_sizeof(void)
{
return (int)sizeof(stx_cache_entry_t);
}
void *stx_cache_entry_getdata(stx_cache_entry_t *entry)
{
return entry->data;
}
void *stx_cache_entry_getkey(stx_cache_entry_t *entry)
{
return entry->key;
}
size_t stx_cache_entry_getweight(stx_cache_entry_t *entry)
{
return entry->weight;
}

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Michael Abd-El-Malek contributed this patch. He wrote:
----------------------------------------
Hello,
This is a patch that enables programmatically dumping the stack of
every thread. This has been useful in debugging deadlocks, etc...
Our usage model is that the SIGUSR2 handler calls the new
_st_print_thread_stacks function, which dumps the stack for all
threads. A convenient feature is that for thread stacks that are the
same (which is common for application with a lot of worker threads
waiting for work), only one stack trace is printed, along with a
count of how many threads have that same stack.
I use the glibc backtrace function to get the backtrace, and then use
popen to execute addr2line and convert memory addresses to file
names, function names, and line numbers. If glibc isn't available,
_st_print_thread_stacks just prints a warning. And this feature is
only available if DEBUG is turned on.
We've found this feature extremely helpful when debugging.
The patch can be a bit more robust (it assumes addr2line exists).
But I didn't want to go through the hassle of doing this, if the
StateThreads community doesn't want to use this patch. (In our
environment, addr2line will always be there.)
Cheers,
Mike
----------------------------------------
Invoking complex functions from a signal handler is not recommended,
plus this patch changes the behavior of existing API hooks. It will
not become part of State Threads proper but you may find it useful
nonetheless. This patch applies to st-1.5.2.
diff -Nur Makefile.1.5.2 Makefile
--- Makefile.1.5.2 Wed Sep 7 14:19:50 2005
+++ Makefile Wed Sep 7 14:33:08 2005
@@ -255,7 +255,8 @@
$(TARGETDIR)/stk.o \
$(TARGETDIR)/sync.o \
$(TARGETDIR)/key.o \
- $(TARGETDIR)/io.o
+ $(TARGETDIR)/io.o \
+ $(TARGETDIR)/backtrace.o
OBJS += $(EXTRA_OBJS)
HEADER = $(TARGETDIR)/st.h
SLIBRARY = $(TARGETDIR)/libst.a
diff -Nur backtrace.c.1.5.2 backtrace.c
--- backtrace.c.1.5.2 Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969
+++ backtrace.c Wed Sep 7 13:40:21 2005
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+/*
+ * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
+ * License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file
+ * except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
+ * the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
+ * IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
+ * implied. See the License for the specific language governing
+ * rights and limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * Contributor(s): Michael Abd-El-Malek (mabdelmalek@cmu.edu)
+ * Carnegie Mellon University
+ *
+ * Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
+ * terms of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the
+ * "GPL"), in which case the provisions of the GPL are applicable
+ * instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your
+ * version of this file only under the terms of the GPL and not to
+ * allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL,
+ * indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and
+ * replace them with the notice and other provisions required by
+ * the GPL. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient
+ * may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the
+ * GPL.
+ */
+
+
+
+/*
+ * This file contains routines for printing a stack trace of all threads.
+ * Only works when DEBUG is defined and where glibc is available, since it
+ * provides the backtrace() function.
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE /* to get program_invocation_name */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+
+#if defined(DEBUG) && defined(__GLIBC__)
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include "common.h"
+#include <execinfo.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+/* The maximum number of frames to get a stack trace for. If a thread has more
+ * frames than this, then we only show the latest X frames. */
+#define MAX_NUM_FRAMES 64
+
+
+typedef struct thread_stack_s {
+ uint32_t num_frames;
+ void* addresses[MAX_NUM_FRAMES]; /* frame pointers */
+ char* locations[MAX_NUM_FRAMES]; /* file/function/line numbers */
+ uint32_t num_matches;
+
+ struct thread_stack_s* next;
+} thread_stack_t;
+
+static thread_stack_t* stacks = NULL;
+
+
+/* Converts the function's memory addresses to function names, file names, and
+ * line numbers. Calls binutil's addr2line program. */
+static void get_symbol_names(thread_stack_t *stack)
+{
+ char program_to_run[1024], function[256], filename_lineno[256], temp[19];
+ FILE* output;
+ int num_bytes_left;
+ uint32_t i;
+
+ /* Construct the arguments to addr2line */
+ num_bytes_left = sizeof(program_to_run);
+ num_bytes_left -= snprintf(program_to_run, sizeof(program_to_run),
+ "addr2line -fCe %s", program_invocation_name);
+ for (i = 0; i < stack->num_frames && num_bytes_left > 0; ++i) {
+ num_bytes_left -= snprintf(temp, sizeof(temp), " %p", stack->addresses[i]);
+ strncat(program_to_run, temp, num_bytes_left);
+ }
+
+ /* Use popen to execute addr2line and read its ouput */
+ output = popen(program_to_run, "r");
+ for (i = 0; i < stack->num_frames; ++i) {
+ char* function_listing = (char*) malloc(512);
+ fscanf(output, "%255s\n", function);
+ fscanf(output, "%255s\n", filename_lineno);
+ snprintf(function_listing, 512, "%s at %s", function, filename_lineno);
+ stack->locations[i] = function_listing;
+ }
+ pclose(output);
+}
+
+
+static void print_stack(thread_stack_t* stack)
+{
+ int skip_offset = 0, cmp_len;
+ uint32_t i;
+
+ /* Get the function names/filenames/line numbers */
+ get_symbol_names(stack);
+
+ cmp_len = strlen("_st_iterate_threads_helper");
+
+ /* Print the backtrace */
+ for (i = 0; i < stack->num_frames; ++i) {
+ /* Skip frames we don't have location info for */
+ if (!strncmp(stack->locations[i], "??", 2)) {
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Skip the frames that are used for printing the stack trace */
+ if (skip_offset) {
+ printf("\t#%2d %s %p\n", i - skip_offset, stack->locations[i],
+ stack->addresses[i]);
+ } else if (!strncmp(stack->locations[i], "_st_iterate_threads_helper",
+ cmp_len)) {
+ skip_offset = i + 1;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void add_current_thread_stack(void)
+{
+ thread_stack_t *new_stack = malloc(sizeof(thread_stack_t));
+ thread_stack_t *search;
+
+ /* Call glibc function to get the backtrace */
+ new_stack->num_frames = backtrace(new_stack->addresses, MAX_NUM_FRAMES);
+
+ /* Check if we have another stacks that is equivalent. If so, then coaelsce
+ * two stacks into one, to minimize output to user. */
+ search = stacks;
+ while (search) {
+ if (search->num_frames == new_stack->num_frames &&
+ !memcmp(search->addresses, new_stack->addresses,
+ search->num_frames * sizeof(void*))) {
+ /* Found an existing stack that is the same as this thread's stack */
+ ++search->num_matches;
+ free(new_stack);
+ return;
+ } else {
+ search = search->next;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* This is a new stack. Add it to the list of stacks. */
+ new_stack->num_matches = 1;
+ new_stack->next = stacks;
+ stacks = new_stack;
+}
+
+static void print_stack_frames(void)
+{
+ while (stacks) {
+ printf("\n%u thread(s) with this backtrace:\n", stacks->num_matches);
+ print_stack(stacks);
+ stacks = stacks->next;
+ }
+ printf("\n");
+}
+
+static void free_stacks(void)
+{
+ uint32_t i;
+ while (stacks) {
+ thread_stack_t *next = stacks->next;
+ for (i = 0; i < stacks->num_frames; ++i) {
+ free(stacks->locations[i]);
+ }
+ free(stacks);
+ stacks = next;
+ }
+ stacks = NULL;
+}
+
+
+static void st_print_thread_stack(_st_thread_t *thread, int start_flag,
+ int end_flag)
+{
+ if (end_flag == 0) {
+ add_current_thread_stack();
+ } else {
+ print_stack_frames();
+ }
+}
+
+
+void _st_print_thread_stacks(int ignore)
+{
+ _st_iterate_threads_flag = 1;
+ _st_iterate_threads_helper(st_print_thread_stack);
+ _st_iterate_threads_flag = 0;
+
+ /* Deallocate memory */
+ free_stacks();
+}
+
+#else /* defined(DEBUG) && defined(__GLIBC__) */
+
+void _st_print_thread_stacks(int ignore)
+{
+ printf("%s: need DEBUG mode and glibc-specific functions to read stack.\n",
+ __FUNCTION__);
+}
+#endif /* defined(DEBUG) && defined(__GLIBC__) */
diff -Nur common.h.1.5.2 common.h
--- common.h.1.5.2 Wed Sep 7 14:18:37 2005
+++ common.h Wed Sep 7 14:35:36 2005
@@ -371,8 +371,18 @@
*/
#ifdef DEBUG
-void _st_iterate_threads(void);
-#define ST_DEBUG_ITERATE_THREADS() _st_iterate_threads()
+typedef void(*_st_func_ptr_t)(_st_thread_t *thread,
+ int start_flag,
+ int end_flag);
+/* Pointer to function that will be called on thread switch */
+extern _st_func_ptr_t _st_iterate_func_ptr;
+extern int _st_iterate_threads_flag;
+/* Thread iteration function that will call an arbitrary function */
+extern void _st_iterate_threads_helper(_st_func_ptr_t func);
+#define ST_DEBUG_ITERATE_THREADS() \
+ if (_st_iterate_func_ptr) { \
+ _st_iterate_threads_helper(_st_iterate_func_ptr); \
+ }
#else
#define ST_DEBUG_ITERATE_THREADS()
#endif
diff -Nur public.h.1.5.2 public.h
--- public.h.1.5.2 Wed Sep 7 11:46:58 2005
+++ public.h Wed Sep 7 13:38:46 2005
@@ -171,8 +171,10 @@
extern st_netfd_t st_open(const char *path, int oflags, mode_t mode);
#ifdef DEBUG
-extern void _st_show_thread_stack(st_thread_t thread, const char *messg);
+extern void _st_show_thread_stack(st_thread_t thread, int start_flag,
+ int end_flag);
extern void _st_iterate_threads(void);
+extern void _st_print_thread_stacks(int ignore);
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
diff -Nur sched.c.1.5.2 sched.c
--- sched.c.1.5.2 Wed Sep 7 10:48:05 2005
+++ sched.c Wed Sep 7 13:38:46 2005
@@ -919,16 +919,13 @@
#ifdef DEBUG
-/* ARGSUSED */
-void _st_show_thread_stack(_st_thread_t *thread, const char *messg)
-{
-
-}
-
/* To be set from debugger */
int _st_iterate_threads_flag = 0;
+/* Thread iteration function that will call an arbitrary function */
+_st_func_ptr_t _st_iterate_func_ptr = NULL;
-void _st_iterate_threads(void)
+/* This function iterates over all threads, calling "func" for each thread. */
+void _st_iterate_threads_helper(_st_func_ptr_t func)
{
static _st_thread_t *thread = NULL;
static jmp_buf orig_jb, save_jb;
@@ -944,16 +941,20 @@
if (thread) {
memcpy(thread->context, save_jb, sizeof(jmp_buf));
- _st_show_thread_stack(thread, NULL);
+ func(thread, 0, 0);
} else {
if (MD_SETJMP(orig_jb)) {
_st_iterate_threads_flag = 0;
+ _st_iterate_func_ptr = NULL;
thread = NULL;
- _st_show_thread_stack(thread, "Iteration completed");
+ /* Last thread to iterate through */
+ func(thread, 0, 1);
return;
}
+ /* First thread to iterate through */
thread = _ST_CURRENT_THREAD();
- _st_show_thread_stack(thread, "Iteration started");
+ _st_iterate_func_ptr = func;
+ func(thread, 1, 0);
}
q = thread->tlink.next;
@@ -966,5 +967,17 @@
memcpy(save_jb, thread->context, sizeof(jmp_buf));
MD_LONGJMP(thread->context, 1);
}
+
+/* ARGSUSED */
+void _st_show_thread_stack(_st_thread_t *thread, int start_flag, int end_flag)
+{
+}
+
+/* Iterate over threads inside debugger; see st/README */
+void _st_iterate_threads(void)
+{
+ _st_iterate_threads_helper(_st_show_thread_stack);
+}
+
#endif /* DEBUG */

91
trunk/research/st-1.9/extensions/stx.h Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
#ifndef _STX_H_
#define _STX_H_
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/nameser.h>
#include <resolv.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "st.h"
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/*****************************************
* Basic types definitions
*/
typedef struct _stx_centry stx_cache_entry_t;
typedef struct _stx_cache stx_cache_t;
/* This is public type */
typedef struct _stx_cache_info {
size_t max_size;
size_t max_weight;
size_t hash_size;
size_t cur_size;
size_t cur_weight;
unsigned long hits;
unsigned long lookups;
unsigned long inserts;
unsigned long deletes;
} stx_cache_info_t;
/*****************************************
* Cache and cache entry methods
*/
stx_cache_t *stx_cache_create(size_t max_size, size_t max_weight,
size_t hash_size,
unsigned long (*key_hash_fn)(const void *key),
long (*key_cmp_fn)(const void *key1,
const void *key2),
void (*cleanup_fn)(void *key, void *data));
void stx_cache_empty(stx_cache_t *cache);
void stx_cache_traverse(stx_cache_t *cache,
void (*callback)(void *key, void *data));
void stx_cache_traverse_lru(stx_cache_t *, void (*)(void *, void *),
unsigned int);
void stx_cache_traverse_mru(stx_cache_t *, void (*)(void *, void *),
unsigned int);
void stx_cache_getinfo(stx_cache_t *cache, stx_cache_info_t *info);
size_t stx_cache_getsize(stx_cache_t *cache);
size_t stx_cache_getweight(stx_cache_t *cache);
stx_cache_entry_t *stx_cache_entry_create(void *key, void *data,
size_t weight);
void stx_cache_entry_delete(stx_cache_t *cache, stx_cache_entry_t *entry);
stx_cache_entry_t *stx_cache_entry_lookup(stx_cache_t *cache, const void *key);
void stx_cache_entry_release(stx_cache_t *, stx_cache_entry_t *);
int stx_cache_entry_insert(stx_cache_t *cache, stx_cache_entry_t *entry);
stx_cache_entry_t *stx_cache_entry_getlru(stx_cache_t *cache);
int stx_cache_entry_sizeof(void);
void *stx_cache_entry_getdata(stx_cache_entry_t *entry);
void *stx_cache_entry_getkey(stx_cache_entry_t *entry);
size_t stx_cache_entry_getweight(stx_cache_entry_t *entry);
int stx_dns_cache_init(size_t max_size, size_t max_bytes, size_t hash_size);
void stx_dns_cache_getinfo(stx_cache_info_t *info);
int stx_dns_getaddrlist(const char *hostname, struct in_addr *addrs,
int *num_addrs, st_utime_t timeout);
int stx_dns_getaddr(const char *hostname, struct in_addr *addr,
st_utime_t timeout);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* !_STX_H_ */

197
trunk/research/st-1.9/extensions/stx_fileio.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
/*
* File I/O extension to the State Threads Library.
*/
/*
* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
* License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file
* except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*
* Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
* IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
* implied. See the License for the specific language governing
* rights and limitations under the License.
*
* The Original Code is the file I/O extension to the State Threads Library.
*
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Jeff
* <jlb-st@houseofdistraction.com>. Portions created by the Initial
* Developer are Copyright (C) 2002 the Initial Developer. All Rights
* Reserved.
*
* Contributor(s): (none)
*
* Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
* terms of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the
* "GPL"), in which case the provisions of the GPL are applicable
* instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your
* version of this file only under the terms of the GPL and not to
* allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL,
* indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and
* replace them with the notice and other provisions required by
* the GPL. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient
* may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the
* GPL.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "stx_fileio.h"
#define STX_FILEIO_SIGNUM SIGUSR2
typedef struct {
st_netfd_t data_fd;
st_netfd_t control_fd;
pid_t pid;
} fileio_data_t;
#define FILEREADER_MAX_READ 1024
typedef struct {
off_t offset;
ssize_t nbytes;
} file_reader_cb_t;
/**
* Fork a process to read a file and return its pid. Receives
* offset/length commands from control stream and sends corresponding data
* to out stream. A zero length on the control stream signals an end.
*
* @param fd stream from which to read
* @param control_out receives the file descriptor to which control commands can be sent
* @param fd_out receives the file descriptor from which the output of the command can be read.
* @return PID of the process created to execute the command
*/
pid_t
file_reader(int fd, int *fd_control, int *fd_out)
{
pid_t pid;
int control_pipe[2], out_pipe[2];
if (pipe(control_pipe) < 0 || pipe(out_pipe) < 0)
return (pid_t)-1;
pid = fork();
if (pid == (pid_t) -1)
{
close(control_pipe[0]);
close(control_pipe[1]);
close(out_pipe[0]);
close(out_pipe[1]);
return pid;
}
else if (pid == (pid_t) 0)
{
// child
off_t pos = 0;
file_reader_cb_t cb;
char buf[FILEREADER_MAX_READ];
if (fd == -1)
_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
while (sizeof(cb) == read(control_pipe[0], &cb, sizeof(cb))) {
ssize_t nb;
if (0 >= cb.nbytes)
goto clean_exit;
if (pos != cb.offset) {
pos = lseek(fd, cb.offset, SEEK_SET);
if (pos == (off_t)-1)
break;
}
nb = read(fd, buf, cb.nbytes);
if (nb == (ssize_t)-1)
break;
pos += nb;
write(out_pipe[1], (char *)&nb, sizeof(nb));
write(out_pipe[1], buf, nb);
}
perror("ERROR: file_reader: ");
clean_exit:
close(control_pipe[0]);
close(control_pipe[1]);
close(out_pipe[0]);
close(out_pipe[1]);
_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
// parent
close(out_pipe[1]);
close(control_pipe[0]);
*fd_out = out_pipe[0];
*fd_control = control_pipe[1];
return pid;
}
/**
* fileio_data_t destructor callback
*/
static void
fileio_data_destructor(void *dat_in)
{
if (dat_in) {
fileio_data_t *dat = (fileio_data_t *)dat_in;
file_reader_cb_t cb;
cb.offset = 0;
cb.nbytes = 0;
st_write(dat->control_fd, (char *)&cb, sizeof(cb),
ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT);
waitpid(dat->pid, NULL, 0);
st_netfd_close(dat->control_fd);
st_netfd_close(dat->data_fd);
free(dat_in);
}
}
/**
* Retrieve fileio_data_t struct from an st descriptor. Create and store
* a new one if needed.
*/
static fileio_data_t *get_fileio_data(st_netfd_t fd)
{
fileio_data_t *dat = (fileio_data_t *)st_netfd_getspecific(fd);
if (!dat) {
int fd_control, fd_out;
pid_t pid = file_reader(st_netfd_fileno(fd), &fd_control, &fd_out);
if (pid != (pid_t)-1) {
dat = (fileio_data_t *)calloc(1, sizeof(fileio_data_t));
dat->control_fd = st_netfd_open(fd_control);
dat->data_fd = st_netfd_open(fd_out);
dat->pid = pid;
st_netfd_setspecific(fd, dat, fileio_data_destructor);
}
}
return dat;
}
/**
* Read data from the specified section of a file. Uses a forked
* file_reader process to do the actual reading so as to avoid causing all
* State Threads to block.
*
* @param fd must refer to a seekable file.
* @param offset absolute offset within the file
* @param buf output buffer
* @param nbytes size of the output buffer
* @param timeout
*/
ssize_t
stx_file_read(st_netfd_t fd, off_t offset, void *buf, size_t nbytes, st_utime_t timeout)
{
fileio_data_t *dat = get_fileio_data(fd);
if (dat) {
file_reader_cb_t cb;
ssize_t ret = (ssize_t)-1;
cb.offset = offset;
cb.nbytes = nbytes;
st_write(dat->control_fd, (char *)&cb, sizeof(cb), timeout);
if (sizeof(ret) == st_read(dat->data_fd, (char *)&ret, sizeof(ret), timeout) && 0 < ret && ret <= nbytes) {
return st_read(dat->data_fd, buf, ret, timeout);
} else {
return ret;
}
}
return (ssize_t)-1;
}

52
trunk/research/st-1.9/extensions/stx_fileio.h Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
/*
* File I/O extension to the State Threads Library.
*/
/*
* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
* License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file
* except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*
* Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
* IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
* implied. See the License for the specific language governing
* rights and limitations under the License.
*
* The Original Code is the file I/O extension to the State Threads Library.
*
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Jeff
* <jlb-st@houseofdistraction.com>. Portions created by the Initial
* Developer are Copyright (C) 2002 the Initial Developer. All Rights
* Reserved.
*
* Contributor(s): (none)
*
* Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
* terms of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the
* "GPL"), in which case the provisions of the GPL are applicable
* instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your
* version of this file only under the terms of the GPL and not to
* allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL,
* indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and
* replace them with the notice and other provisions required by
* the GPL. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient
* may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the
* GPL.
*/
#ifndef __STX_FILEIO_H__
#define __STX_FILEIO_H__
#include <st.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
extern ssize_t stx_file_read(st_netfd_t fd, off_t offset, void *buf, size_t nbytes, st_utime_t timeout);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* !__STX_FILEIO_H__ */

112
trunk/research/st-1.9/extensions/testdns.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
#include "stx.h"
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define MAX_ADDRS 128
#define TIMEOUT (4*1000000LL)
static void do_resolve(const char *host)
{
struct in_addr addrs[MAX_ADDRS];
int i, n = MAX_ADDRS;
if (stx_dns_getaddrlist(host, addrs, &n, TIMEOUT) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "stx_dns_getaddrlist: can't resolve %s: ", host);
if (h_errno == NETDB_INTERNAL)
perror("");
else
herror("");
} else {
if (n > 0)
printf("%-40s %s\n", (char *)host, inet_ntoa(addrs[0]));
for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
printf("%-40s %s\n", "", inet_ntoa(addrs[i]));
}
}
static void show_info(void)
{
stx_cache_info_t info;
stx_dns_cache_getinfo(&info);
printf("DNS cache info:\n\n");
printf("max_size: %8d\n", (int)info.max_size);
printf("capacity: %8d bytes\n", (int)info.max_weight);
printf("hash_size: %8d\n", (int)info.hash_size);
printf("cur_size: %8d\n"
"cur_mem: %8d bytes\n"
"hits: %8d\n"
"lookups: %8d\n"
"inserts: %8d\n"
"deletes: %8d\n",
(int)info.cur_size, (int)info.cur_weight, (int)info.hits,
(int)info.lookups, (int)info.inserts, (int)info.deletes);
}
extern stx_cache_t *_stx_dns_cache;
static void printhost(void *host, void *data)
{
printf("%s\n", (char *)host);
}
static void show_lru(void)
{
printf("LRU hosts:\n\n");
stx_cache_traverse_lru(_stx_dns_cache, printhost, 10);
}
static void show_mru(void)
{
printf("MRU hosts:\n\n");
stx_cache_traverse_mru(_stx_dns_cache, printhost, 10);
}
static void flush_cache(void)
{
stx_cache_empty(_stx_dns_cache);
printf("DNS cache is empty\n");
}
int main()
{
char line[256];
char str[sizeof(line)];
st_init();
stx_dns_cache_init(100, 10000, 101);
for ( ; ; ) {
fputs("> ", stdout);
fflush(stdout);
if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
break;
if (sscanf(line, "%s", str) != 1)
continue;
if (strcmp(str, "exit") == 0 || strcmp(str, "quit") == 0)
break;
if (strcmp(str, "info") == 0) {
show_info();
continue;
}
if (strcmp(str, "lru") == 0) {
show_lru();
continue;
}
if (strcmp(str, "mru") == 0) {
show_mru();
continue;
}
if (strcmp(str, "flush") == 0) {
flush_cache();
continue;
}
do_resolve(str);
}
return 0;
}

778
trunk/research/st-1.9/io.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
/*
* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
* License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file
* except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*
* Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
* IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
* implied. See the License for the specific language governing
* rights and limitations under the License.
*
* The Original Code is the Netscape Portable Runtime library.
*
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Netscape
* Communications Corporation. Portions created by Netscape are
* Copyright (C) 1994-2000 Netscape Communications Corporation. All
* Rights Reserved.
*
* Contributor(s): Silicon Graphics, Inc.
*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000-2001 Silicon
* Graphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
* terms of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the
* "GPL"), in which case the provisions of the GPL are applicable
* instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your
* version of this file only under the terms of the GPL and not to
* allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL,
* indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and
* replace them with the notice and other provisions required by
* the GPL. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient
* may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the
* GPL.
*/
/*
* This file is derived directly from Netscape Communications Corporation,
* and consists of extensive modifications made during the year(s) 1999-2000.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "common.h"
#if EAGAIN != EWOULDBLOCK
#define _IO_NOT_READY_ERROR ((errno == EAGAIN) || (errno == EWOULDBLOCK))
#else
#define _IO_NOT_READY_ERROR (errno == EAGAIN)
#endif
#define _LOCAL_MAXIOV 16
/* File descriptor object free list */
static _st_netfd_t *_st_netfd_freelist = NULL;
/* Maximum number of file descriptors that the process can open */
static int _st_osfd_limit = -1;
static void _st_netfd_free_aux_data(_st_netfd_t *fd);
int _st_io_init(void)
{
struct sigaction sigact;
struct rlimit rlim;
int fdlim;
/* Ignore SIGPIPE */
sigact.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
sigemptyset(&sigact.sa_mask);
sigact.sa_flags = 0;
if (sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sigact, NULL) < 0)
return -1;
/* Set maximum number of open file descriptors */
if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) < 0)
return -1;
fdlim = (*_st_eventsys->fd_getlimit)();
if (fdlim > 0 && rlim.rlim_max > (rlim_t) fdlim) {
rlim.rlim_max = fdlim;
}
rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max;
if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) < 0)
return -1;
_st_osfd_limit = (int) rlim.rlim_max;
return 0;
}
int st_getfdlimit(void)
{
return _st_osfd_limit;
}
void st_netfd_free(_st_netfd_t *fd)
{
if (!fd->inuse)
return;
fd->inuse = 0;
if (fd->aux_data)
_st_netfd_free_aux_data(fd);
if (fd->private_data && fd->destructor)
(*(fd->destructor))(fd->private_data);
fd->private_data = NULL;
fd->destructor = NULL;
fd->next = _st_netfd_freelist;
_st_netfd_freelist = fd;
}
static _st_netfd_t *_st_netfd_new(int osfd, int nonblock, int is_socket)
{
_st_netfd_t *fd;
int flags = 1;
if ((*_st_eventsys->fd_new)(osfd) < 0)
return NULL;
if (_st_netfd_freelist) {
fd = _st_netfd_freelist;
_st_netfd_freelist = _st_netfd_freelist->next;
} else {
fd = calloc(1, sizeof(_st_netfd_t));
if (!fd)
return NULL;
}
fd->osfd = osfd;
fd->inuse = 1;
fd->next = NULL;
if (nonblock) {
/* Use just one system call */
if (is_socket && ioctl(osfd, FIONBIO, &flags) != -1)
return fd;
/* Do it the Posix way */
if ((flags = fcntl(osfd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0 ||
fcntl(osfd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
st_netfd_free(fd);
return NULL;
}
}
return fd;
}
_st_netfd_t *st_netfd_open(int osfd)
{
return _st_netfd_new(osfd, 1, 0);
}
_st_netfd_t *st_netfd_open_socket(int osfd)
{
return _st_netfd_new(osfd, 1, 1);
}
int st_netfd_close(_st_netfd_t *fd)
{
if ((*_st_eventsys->fd_close)(fd->osfd) < 0)
return -1;
st_netfd_free(fd);
return close(fd->osfd);
}
int st_netfd_fileno(_st_netfd_t *fd)
{
return (fd->osfd);
}
void st_netfd_setspecific(_st_netfd_t *fd, void *value,
_st_destructor_t destructor)
{
if (value != fd->private_data) {
/* Free up previously set non-NULL data value */
if (fd->private_data && fd->destructor)
(*(fd->destructor))(fd->private_data);
}
fd->private_data = value;
fd->destructor = destructor;
}
void *st_netfd_getspecific(_st_netfd_t *fd)
{
return (fd->private_data);
}
/*
* Wait for I/O on a single descriptor.
*/
int st_netfd_poll(_st_netfd_t *fd, int how, st_utime_t timeout)
{
struct pollfd pd;
int n;
pd.fd = fd->osfd;
pd.events = (short) how;
pd.revents = 0;
if ((n = st_poll(&pd, 1, timeout)) < 0)
return -1;
if (n == 0) {
/* Timed out */
errno = ETIME;
return -1;
}
if (pd.revents & POLLNVAL) {
errno = EBADF;
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
#ifdef MD_ALWAYS_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
/* No-op */
int st_netfd_serialize_accept(_st_netfd_t *fd)
{
fd->aux_data = NULL;
return 0;
}
/* No-op */
static void _st_netfd_free_aux_data(_st_netfd_t *fd)
{
fd->aux_data = NULL;
}
_st_netfd_t *st_accept(_st_netfd_t *fd, struct sockaddr *addr, int *addrlen,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
int osfd, err;
_st_netfd_t *newfd;
while ((osfd = accept(fd->osfd, addr, (socklen_t *)addrlen)) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
if (!_IO_NOT_READY_ERROR)
return NULL;
/* Wait until the socket becomes readable */
if (st_netfd_poll(fd, POLLIN, timeout) < 0)
return NULL;
}
/* On some platforms the new socket created by accept() inherits */
/* the nonblocking attribute of the listening socket */
#if defined (MD_ACCEPT_NB_INHERITED)
newfd = _st_netfd_new(osfd, 0, 1);
#elif defined (MD_ACCEPT_NB_NOT_INHERITED)
newfd = _st_netfd_new(osfd, 1, 1);
#else
#error Unknown OS
#endif
if (!newfd) {
err = errno;
close(osfd);
errno = err;
}
return newfd;
}
#else /* MD_ALWAYS_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT */
/*
* On some platforms accept() calls from different processes
* on the same listen socket must be serialized.
* The following code serializes accept()'s without process blocking.
* A pipe is used as an inter-process semaphore.
*/
int st_netfd_serialize_accept(_st_netfd_t *fd)
{
_st_netfd_t **p;
int osfd[2], err;
if (fd->aux_data) {
errno = EINVAL;
return -1;
}
if ((p = (_st_netfd_t **)calloc(2, sizeof(_st_netfd_t *))) == NULL)
return -1;
if (pipe(osfd) < 0) {
free(p);
return -1;
}
if ((p[0] = st_netfd_open(osfd[0])) != NULL &&
(p[1] = st_netfd_open(osfd[1])) != NULL &&
write(osfd[1], " ", 1) == 1) {
fd->aux_data = p;
return 0;
}
/* Error */
err = errno;
if (p[0])
st_netfd_free(p[0]);
if (p[1])
st_netfd_free(p[1]);
close(osfd[0]);
close(osfd[1]);
free(p);
errno = err;
return -1;
}
static void _st_netfd_free_aux_data(_st_netfd_t *fd)
{
_st_netfd_t **p = (_st_netfd_t **) fd->aux_data;
st_netfd_close(p[0]);
st_netfd_close(p[1]);
free(p);
fd->aux_data = NULL;
}
_st_netfd_t *st_accept(_st_netfd_t *fd, struct sockaddr *addr, int *addrlen,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
int osfd, err;
_st_netfd_t *newfd;
_st_netfd_t **p = (_st_netfd_t **) fd->aux_data;
ssize_t n;
char c;
for ( ; ; ) {
if (p == NULL) {
osfd = accept(fd->osfd, addr, (socklen_t *)addrlen);
} else {
/* Get the lock */
n = st_read(p[0], &c, 1, timeout);
if (n < 0)
return NULL;
ST_ASSERT(n == 1);
/* Got the lock */
osfd = accept(fd->osfd, addr, (socklen_t *)addrlen);
/* Unlock */
err = errno;
n = st_write(p[1], &c, 1, timeout);
ST_ASSERT(n == 1);
errno = err;
}
if (osfd >= 0)
break;
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
if (!_IO_NOT_READY_ERROR)
return NULL;
/* Wait until the socket becomes readable */
if (st_netfd_poll(fd, POLLIN, timeout) < 0)
return NULL;
}
/* On some platforms the new socket created by accept() inherits */
/* the nonblocking attribute of the listening socket */
#if defined (MD_ACCEPT_NB_INHERITED)
newfd = _st_netfd_new(osfd, 0, 1);
#elif defined (MD_ACCEPT_NB_NOT_INHERITED)
newfd = _st_netfd_new(osfd, 1, 1);
#else
#error Unknown OS
#endif
if (!newfd) {
err = errno;
close(osfd);
errno = err;
}
return newfd;
}
#endif /* MD_ALWAYS_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT */
int st_connect(_st_netfd_t *fd, const struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
int n, err = 0;
while (connect(fd->osfd, addr, addrlen) < 0) {
if (errno != EINTR) {
/*
* On some platforms, if connect() is interrupted (errno == EINTR)
* after the kernel binds the socket, a subsequent connect()
* attempt will fail with errno == EADDRINUSE. Ignore EADDRINUSE
* iff connect() was previously interrupted. See Rich Stevens'
* "UNIX Network Programming," Vol. 1, 2nd edition, p. 413
* ("Interrupted connect").
*/
if (errno != EINPROGRESS && (errno != EADDRINUSE || err == 0))
return -1;
/* Wait until the socket becomes writable */
if (st_netfd_poll(fd, POLLOUT, timeout) < 0)
return -1;
/* Try to find out whether the connection setup succeeded or failed */
n = sizeof(int);
if (getsockopt(fd->osfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, (char *)&err,
(socklen_t *)&n) < 0)
return -1;
if (err) {
errno = err;
return -1;
}
break;
}
err = 1;
}
return 0;
}
ssize_t st_read(_st_netfd_t *fd, void *buf, size_t nbyte, st_utime_t timeout)
{
ssize_t n;
while ((n = read(fd->osfd, buf, nbyte)) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
if (!_IO_NOT_READY_ERROR)
return -1;
/* Wait until the socket becomes readable */
if (st_netfd_poll(fd, POLLIN, timeout) < 0)
return -1;
}
return n;
}
int st_read_resid(_st_netfd_t *fd, void *buf, size_t *resid,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
struct iovec iov, *riov;
int riov_size, rv;
iov.iov_base = buf;
iov.iov_len = *resid;
riov = &iov;
riov_size = 1;
rv = st_readv_resid(fd, &riov, &riov_size, timeout);
*resid = iov.iov_len;
return rv;
}
ssize_t st_readv(_st_netfd_t *fd, const struct iovec *iov, int iov_size,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
ssize_t n;
while ((n = readv(fd->osfd, iov, iov_size)) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
if (!_IO_NOT_READY_ERROR)
return -1;
/* Wait until the socket becomes readable */
if (st_netfd_poll(fd, POLLIN, timeout) < 0)
return -1;
}
return n;
}
int st_readv_resid(_st_netfd_t *fd, struct iovec **iov, int *iov_size,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
ssize_t n;
while (*iov_size > 0) {
if (*iov_size == 1)
n = read(fd->osfd, (*iov)->iov_base, (*iov)->iov_len);
else
n = readv(fd->osfd, *iov, *iov_size);
if (n < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
if (!_IO_NOT_READY_ERROR)
return -1;
} else if (n == 0)
break;
else {
while ((size_t) n >= (*iov)->iov_len) {
n -= (*iov)->iov_len;
(*iov)->iov_base = (char *) (*iov)->iov_base + (*iov)->iov_len;
(*iov)->iov_len = 0;
(*iov)++;
(*iov_size)--;
if (n == 0)
break;
}
if (*iov_size == 0)
break;
(*iov)->iov_base = (char *) (*iov)->iov_base + n;
(*iov)->iov_len -= n;
}
/* Wait until the socket becomes readable */
if (st_netfd_poll(fd, POLLIN, timeout) < 0)
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
ssize_t st_read_fully(_st_netfd_t *fd, void *buf, size_t nbyte,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
size_t resid = nbyte;
return st_read_resid(fd, buf, &resid, timeout) == 0 ?
(ssize_t) (nbyte - resid) : -1;
}
int st_write_resid(_st_netfd_t *fd, const void *buf, size_t *resid,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
struct iovec iov, *riov;
int riov_size, rv;
iov.iov_base = (void *) buf; /* we promise not to modify buf */
iov.iov_len = *resid;
riov = &iov;
riov_size = 1;
rv = st_writev_resid(fd, &riov, &riov_size, timeout);
*resid = iov.iov_len;
return rv;
}
ssize_t st_write(_st_netfd_t *fd, const void *buf, size_t nbyte,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
size_t resid = nbyte;
return st_write_resid(fd, buf, &resid, timeout) == 0 ?
(ssize_t) (nbyte - resid) : -1;
}
ssize_t st_writev(_st_netfd_t *fd, const struct iovec *iov, int iov_size,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
ssize_t n, rv;
size_t nleft, nbyte;
int index, iov_cnt;
struct iovec *tmp_iov;
struct iovec local_iov[_LOCAL_MAXIOV];
/* Calculate the total number of bytes to be sent */
nbyte = 0;
for (index = 0; index < iov_size; index++)
nbyte += iov[index].iov_len;
rv = (ssize_t)nbyte;
nleft = nbyte;
tmp_iov = (struct iovec *) iov; /* we promise not to modify iov */
iov_cnt = iov_size;
while (nleft > 0) {
if (iov_cnt == 1) {
if (st_write(fd, tmp_iov[0].iov_base, nleft, timeout) != (ssize_t) nleft)
rv = -1;
break;
}
if ((n = writev(fd->osfd, tmp_iov, iov_cnt)) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
if (!_IO_NOT_READY_ERROR) {
rv = -1;
break;
}
} else {
if ((size_t) n == nleft)
break;
nleft -= n;
/* Find the next unwritten vector */
n = (ssize_t)(nbyte - nleft);
for (index = 0; (size_t) n >= iov[index].iov_len; index++)
n -= iov[index].iov_len;
if (tmp_iov == iov) {
/* Must copy iov's around */
if (iov_size - index <= _LOCAL_MAXIOV) {
tmp_iov = local_iov;
} else {
tmp_iov = calloc(1, (iov_size - index) * sizeof(struct iovec));
if (tmp_iov == NULL)
return -1;
}
}
/* Fill in the first partial read */
tmp_iov[0].iov_base = &(((char *)iov[index].iov_base)[n]);
tmp_iov[0].iov_len = iov[index].iov_len - n;
index++;
/* Copy the remaining vectors */
for (iov_cnt = 1; index < iov_size; iov_cnt++, index++) {
tmp_iov[iov_cnt].iov_base = iov[index].iov_base;
tmp_iov[iov_cnt].iov_len = iov[index].iov_len;
}
}
/* Wait until the socket becomes writable */
if (st_netfd_poll(fd, POLLOUT, timeout) < 0) {
rv = -1;
break;
}
}
if (tmp_iov != iov && tmp_iov != local_iov)
free(tmp_iov);
return rv;
}
int st_writev_resid(_st_netfd_t *fd, struct iovec **iov, int *iov_size,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
ssize_t n;
while (*iov_size > 0) {
if (*iov_size == 1)
n = write(fd->osfd, (*iov)->iov_base, (*iov)->iov_len);
else
n = writev(fd->osfd, *iov, *iov_size);
if (n < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
if (!_IO_NOT_READY_ERROR)
return -1;
} else {
while ((size_t) n >= (*iov)->iov_len) {
n -= (*iov)->iov_len;
(*iov)->iov_base = (char *) (*iov)->iov_base + (*iov)->iov_len;
(*iov)->iov_len = 0;
(*iov)++;
(*iov_size)--;
if (n == 0)
break;
}
if (*iov_size == 0)
break;
(*iov)->iov_base = (char *) (*iov)->iov_base + n;
(*iov)->iov_len -= n;
}
/* Wait until the socket becomes writable */
if (st_netfd_poll(fd, POLLOUT, timeout) < 0)
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Simple I/O functions for UDP.
*/
int st_recvfrom(_st_netfd_t *fd, void *buf, int len, struct sockaddr *from,
int *fromlen, st_utime_t timeout)
{
int n;
while ((n = recvfrom(fd->osfd, buf, len, 0, from, (socklen_t *)fromlen))
< 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
if (!_IO_NOT_READY_ERROR)
return -1;
/* Wait until the socket becomes readable */
if (st_netfd_poll(fd, POLLIN, timeout) < 0)
return -1;
}
return n;
}
int st_sendto(_st_netfd_t *fd, const void *msg, int len,
const struct sockaddr *to, int tolen, st_utime_t timeout)
{
int n;
while ((n = sendto(fd->osfd, msg, len, 0, to, tolen)) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
if (!_IO_NOT_READY_ERROR)
return -1;
/* Wait until the socket becomes writable */
if (st_netfd_poll(fd, POLLOUT, timeout) < 0)
return -1;
}
return n;
}
int st_recvmsg(_st_netfd_t *fd, struct msghdr *msg, int flags,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
int n;
while ((n = recvmsg(fd->osfd, msg, flags)) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
if (!_IO_NOT_READY_ERROR)
return -1;
/* Wait until the socket becomes readable */
if (st_netfd_poll(fd, POLLIN, timeout) < 0)
return -1;
}
return n;
}
int st_sendmsg(_st_netfd_t *fd, const struct msghdr *msg, int flags,
st_utime_t timeout)
{
int n;
while ((n = sendmsg(fd->osfd, msg, flags)) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
if (!_IO_NOT_READY_ERROR)
return -1;
/* Wait until the socket becomes writable */
if (st_netfd_poll(fd, POLLOUT, timeout) < 0)
return -1;
}
return n;
}
/*
* To open FIFOs or other special files.
*/
_st_netfd_t *st_open(const char *path, int oflags, mode_t mode)
{
int osfd, err;
_st_netfd_t *newfd;
while ((osfd = open(path, oflags | O_NONBLOCK, mode)) < 0) {
if (errno != EINTR)
return NULL;
}
newfd = _st_netfd_new(osfd, 0, 0);
if (!newfd) {
err = errno;
close(osfd);
errno = err;
}
return newfd;
}

121
trunk/research/st-1.9/key.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
/*
* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
* License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file
* except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*
* Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
* IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
* implied. See the License for the specific language governing
* rights and limitations under the License.
*
* The Original Code is the Netscape Portable Runtime library.
*
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Netscape
* Communications Corporation. Portions created by Netscape are
* Copyright (C) 1994-2000 Netscape Communications Corporation. All
* Rights Reserved.
*
* Contributor(s): Silicon Graphics, Inc.
*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000-2001 Silicon
* Graphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
* terms of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the
* "GPL"), in which case the provisions of the GPL are applicable
* instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your
* version of this file only under the terms of the GPL and not to
* allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL,
* indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and
* replace them with the notice and other provisions required by
* the GPL. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient
* may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the
* GPL.
*/
/*
* This file is derived directly from Netscape Communications Corporation,
* and consists of extensive modifications made during the year(s) 1999-2000.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "common.h"
/*
* Destructor table for per-thread private data
*/
static _st_destructor_t _st_destructors[ST_KEYS_MAX];
static int key_max = 0;
/*
* Return a key to be used for thread specific data
*/
int st_key_create(int *keyp, _st_destructor_t destructor)
{
if (key_max >= ST_KEYS_MAX) {
errno = EAGAIN;
return -1;
}
*keyp = key_max++;
_st_destructors[*keyp] = destructor;
return 0;
}
int st_key_getlimit(void)
{
return ST_KEYS_MAX;
}
int st_thread_setspecific(int key, void *value)
{
_st_thread_t *me = _ST_CURRENT_THREAD();
if (key < 0 || key >= key_max) {
errno = EINVAL;
return -1;
}
if (value != me->private_data[key]) {
/* free up previously set non-NULL data value */
if (me->private_data[key] && _st_destructors[key]) {
(*_st_destructors[key])(me->private_data[key]);
}
me->private_data[key] = value;
}
return 0;
}
void *st_thread_getspecific(int key)
{
if (key < 0 || key >= key_max)
return NULL;
return ((_ST_CURRENT_THREAD())->private_data[key]);
}
/*
* Free up all per-thread private data
*/
void _st_thread_cleanup(_st_thread_t *thread)
{
int key;
for (key = 0; key < key_max; key++) {
if (thread->private_data[key] && _st_destructors[key]) {
(*_st_destructors[key])(thread->private_data[key]);
thread->private_data[key] = NULL;
}
}
}

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EXPORTS
st_accept @62
st_cond_broadcast @63
st_cond_destroy @64
st_cond_new @65
st_cond_signal @66
st_cond_timedwait @67
st_cond_wait @68
st_connect @69
st_getfdlimit @70
st_init @71
st_key_create @72
st_key_getlimit @73
st_mutex_destroy @74
st_mutex_lock @75
st_mutex_new @76
st_mutex_trylock @77
st_mutex_unlock @78
st_netfd_close @79
st_netfd_fileno @80
st_netfd_free @81
st_netfd_getspecific @82
st_netfd_open @83
st_netfd_open_socket @84
st_netfd_poll @85
st_netfd_serialize_accept @86
st_netfd_setspecific @87
st_open @88
st_poll @89
st_randomize_stacks @90
st_read @91
st_read_fully @92
st_read_resid @93
st_recvfrom @94
st_sendto @95
st_sleep @96
st_thread_create @97
st_thread_exit @98
st_thread_getspecific @99
st_thread_interrupt @100
st_thread_join @101
st_thread_self @102
st_thread_setspecific @103
st_time @104
st_timecache_set @105
st_usleep @106
st_utime @107
st_utime_last_clock @108
st_write @109
st_write_resid @110
st_writev @111

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/*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
* All Rights Reserved.
*/
#if defined(__ia64__)
/*
* The internal __jmp_buf layout is different from one used
* by setjmp()/longjmp().
*
* Offset Description
* ------ -----------
* 0x000 stack pointer (r12)
* 0x008 gp (r1)
* 0x010 caller's unat
* 0x018 fpsr
* 0x020 r4
* 0x028 r5
* 0x030 r6
* 0x038 r7
* 0x040 rp (b0)
* 0x048 b1
* 0x050 b2
* 0x058 b3
* 0x060 b4
* 0x068 b5
* 0x070 ar.pfs
* 0x078 ar.lc
* 0x080 pr
* 0x088 ar.bsp
* 0x090 ar.unat
* 0x098 &__jmp_buf
* 0x0a0 ar.rsc
* 0x0a8 ar.rnat
* 0x0b0 f2
* 0x0c0 f3
* 0x0d0 f4
* 0x0e0 f5
* 0x0f0 f16
* 0x100 f17
* 0x110 f18
* 0x120 f19
* 0x130 f20
* 0x130 f21
* 0x140 f22
* 0x150 f23
* 0x160 f24
* 0x170 f25
* 0x180 f26
* 0x190 f27
* 0x1a0 f28
* 0x1b0 f29
* 0x1c0 f30
* 0x1d0 f31
*
* Note that the address of __jmp_buf is saved but not used: we assume
* that the jmp_buf data structure is never moved around in memory.
*/
/*
* Implemented according to "IA-64 Software Conventions and Runtime
* Architecture Guide", Chapter 10: "Context Management".
*/
.text
.psr abi64
.psr lsb
.lsb
/* _st_md_cxt_save(__jmp_buf env) */
.align 32
.global _st_md_cxt_save
.proc _st_md_cxt_save
_st_md_cxt_save:
alloc r14 = ar.pfs,1,0,0,0
mov r16 = ar.unat
;;
mov r17 = ar.fpsr
mov r2 = in0
add r3 = 8,in0
;;
st8.spill.nta [r2] = sp,16 // r12 (sp)
;;
st8.spill.nta [r3] = gp,16 // r1 (gp)
;;
st8.nta [r2] = r16,16 // save caller's unat
st8.nta [r3] = r17,16 // save fpsr
add r8 = 0xb0,in0
;;
st8.spill.nta [r2] = r4,16 // r4
;;
st8.spill.nta [r3] = r5,16 // r5
add r9 = 0xc0,in0
;;
stf.spill.nta [r8] = f2,32
stf.spill.nta [r9] = f3,32
mov r15 = rp
;;
stf.spill.nta [r8] = f4,32
stf.spill.nta [r9] = f5,32
mov r17 = b1
;;
stf.spill.nta [r8] = f16,32
stf.spill.nta [r9] = f17,32
mov r18 = b2
;;
stf.spill.nta [r8] = f18,32
stf.spill.nta [r9] = f19,32
mov r19 = b3
;;
stf.spill.nta [r8] = f20,32
stf.spill.nta [r9] = f21,32
mov r20 = b4
;;
stf.spill.nta [r8] = f22,32
stf.spill.nta [r9] = f23,32
mov r21 = b5
;;
stf.spill.nta [r8] = f24,32
stf.spill.nta [r9] = f25,32
mov r22 = ar.lc
;;
stf.spill.nta [r8] = f26,32
stf.spill.nta [r9] = f27,32
mov r24 = pr
;;
stf.spill.nta [r8] = f28,32
stf.spill.nta [r9] = f29,32
;;
stf.spill.nta [r8] = f30
stf.spill.nta [r9] = f31
st8.spill.nta [r2] = r6,16 // r6
;;
st8.spill.nta [r3] = r7,16 // r7
;;
mov r23 = ar.bsp
mov r25 = ar.unat
st8.nta [r2] = r15,16 // b0
st8.nta [r3] = r17,16 // b1
;;
st8.nta [r2] = r18,16 // b2
st8.nta [r3] = r19,16 // b3
mov r26 = ar.rsc
;;
st8.nta [r2] = r20,16 // b4
st8.nta [r3] = r21,16 // b5
;;
st8.nta [r2] = r14,16 // ar.pfs
st8.nta [r3] = r22,16 // ar.lc
;;
st8.nta [r2] = r24,16 // pr
st8.nta [r3] = r23,16 // ar.bsp
;;
st8.nta [r2] = r25,16 // ar.unat
st8.nta [r3] = in0,16 // &__jmp_buf (just in case)
;;
st8.nta [r2] = r26 // ar.rsc
;;
flushrs // flush dirty regs to backing store
;;
and r27 = ~0x3,r26 // clear ar.rsc.mode
;;
mov ar.rsc = r27 // put RSE in enforced lazy mode
;;
mov r28 = ar.rnat
;;
st8.nta [r3] = r28 // ar.rnat
mov ar.rsc = r26 // restore ar.rsc
;;
mov r8 = 0
br.ret.sptk.few b0
.endp _st_md_cxt_save
/****************************************************************/
/* _st_md_cxt_restore(__jmp_buf env, int val) */
.global _st_md_cxt_restore
.proc _st_md_cxt_restore
_st_md_cxt_restore:
alloc r8 = ar.pfs,2,0,0,0
add r2 = 0x88,in0 // r2 <- &jmpbuf.ar_bsp
mov r16 = ar.rsc
;;
flushrs // flush dirty regs to backing store
;;
and r17 = ~0x3,r16 // clear ar.rsc.mode
;;
mov ar.rsc = r17 // put RSE in enforced lazy mode
;;
invala // invalidate the ALAT
;;
ld8 r23 = [r2],8 // r23 <- jmpbuf.ar_bsp
;;
mov ar.bspstore = r23 // write BSPSTORE
ld8 r25 = [r2],24 // r25 <- jmpbuf.ar_unat
;;
ld8 r26 = [r2],-8 // r26 <- jmpbuf.ar_rnat
;;
mov ar.rnat = r26 // write RNAT
ld8 r27 = [r2] // r27 <- jmpbuf.ar_rsc
;;
mov ar.rsc = r27 // write RSE control
mov r2 = in0
;;
mov ar.unat = r25 // write ar.unat
add r3 = 8,in0
;;
ld8.fill.nta sp = [r2],16 // r12 (sp)
ld8.fill.nta gp = [r3],16 // r1 (gp)
;;
ld8.nta r16 = [r2],16 // caller's unat
ld8.nta r17 = [r3],16 // fpsr
;;
ld8.fill.nta r4 = [r2],16 // r4
ld8.fill.nta r5 = [r3],16 // r5
;;
ld8.fill.nta r6 = [r2],16 // r6
ld8.fill.nta r7 = [r3],16 // r7
;;
mov ar.unat = r16 // restore caller's unat
mov ar.fpsr = r17 // restore fpsr
;;
ld8.nta r16 = [r2],16 // b0
ld8.nta r17 = [r3],16 // b1
;;
ld8.nta r18 = [r2],16 // b2
ld8.nta r19 = [r3],16 // b3
;;
ld8.nta r20 = [r2],16 // b4
ld8.nta r21 = [r3],16 // b5
;;
ld8.nta r11 = [r2],16 // ar.pfs
ld8.nta r22 = [r3],72 // ar.lc
;;
ld8.nta r24 = [r2],48 // pr
mov b0 = r16
;;
ldf.fill.nta f2 = [r2],32
ldf.fill.nta f3 = [r3],32
mov b1 = r17
;;
ldf.fill.nta f4 = [r2],32
ldf.fill.nta f5 = [r3],32
mov b2 = r18
;;
ldf.fill.nta f16 = [r2],32
ldf.fill.nta f17 = [r3],32
mov b3 = r19
;;
ldf.fill.nta f18 = [r2],32
ldf.fill.nta f19 = [r3],32
mov b4 = r20
;;
ldf.fill.nta f20 = [r2],32
ldf.fill.nta f21 = [r3],32
mov b5 = r21
;;
ldf.fill.nta f22 = [r2],32
ldf.fill.nta f23 = [r3],32
mov ar.lc = r22
;;
ldf.fill.nta f24 = [r2],32
ldf.fill.nta f25 = [r3],32
cmp.eq p6,p7 = 0,in1
;;
ldf.fill.nta f26 = [r2],32
ldf.fill.nta f27 = [r3],32
mov ar.pfs = r11
;;
ldf.fill.nta f28 = [r2],32
ldf.fill.nta f29 = [r3],32
;;
ldf.fill.nta f30 = [r2]
ldf.fill.nta f31 = [r3]
(p6) mov r8 = 1
(p7) mov r8 = in1
mov pr = r24,-1
br.ret.sptk.few b0
.endp _st_md_cxt_restore
/****************************************************************/
#elif defined(__i386__)
/*
* Internal __jmp_buf layout
*/
#define JB_BX 0
#define JB_SI 1
#define JB_DI 2
#define JB_BP 3
#define JB_SP 4
#define JB_PC 5
.file "md.S"
.text
/* _st_md_cxt_save(__jmp_buf env) */
.globl _st_md_cxt_save
.type _st_md_cxt_save, @function
.align 16
_st_md_cxt_save:
movl 4(%esp), %eax
/*
* Save registers.
*/
movl %ebx, (JB_BX*4)(%eax)
movl %esi, (JB_SI*4)(%eax)
movl %edi, (JB_DI*4)(%eax)
/* Save SP */
leal 4(%esp), %ecx
movl %ecx, (JB_SP*4)(%eax)
/* Save PC we are returning to */
movl 0(%esp), %ecx
movl %ecx, (JB_PC*4)(%eax)
/* Save caller frame pointer */
movl %ebp, (JB_BP*4)(%eax)
xorl %eax, %eax
ret
.size _st_md_cxt_save, .-_st_md_cxt_save
/****************************************************************/
/* _st_md_cxt_restore(__jmp_buf env, int val) */
.globl _st_md_cxt_restore
.type _st_md_cxt_restore, @function
.align 16
_st_md_cxt_restore:
/* First argument is jmp_buf */
movl 4(%esp), %ecx
/* Second argument is return value */
movl 8(%esp), %eax
/* Set the return address */
movl (JB_PC*4)(%ecx), %edx
/*
* Restore registers.
*/
movl (JB_BX*4)(%ecx), %ebx
movl (JB_SI*4)(%ecx), %esi
movl (JB_DI*4)(%ecx), %edi
movl (JB_BP*4)(%ecx), %ebp
movl (JB_SP*4)(%ecx), %esp
testl %eax, %eax
jnz 1f
incl %eax
/* Jump to saved PC */
1: jmp *%edx
.size _st_md_cxt_restore, .-_st_md_cxt_restore
/****************************************************************/
#elif defined(__amd64__) || defined(__x86_64__)
/*
* Internal __jmp_buf layout
*/
#define JB_RBX 0
#define JB_RBP 1
#define JB_R12 2
#define JB_R13 3
#define JB_R14 4
#define JB_R15 5
#define JB_RSP 6
#define JB_PC 7
.file "md.S"
.text
/* _st_md_cxt_save(__jmp_buf env) */
.globl _st_md_cxt_save
.type _st_md_cxt_save, @function
.align 16
_st_md_cxt_save:
/*
* Save registers.
*/
movq %rbx, (JB_RBX*8)(%rdi)
movq %rbp, (JB_RBP*8)(%rdi)
movq %r12, (JB_R12*8)(%rdi)
movq %r13, (JB_R13*8)(%rdi)
movq %r14, (JB_R14*8)(%rdi)
movq %r15, (JB_R15*8)(%rdi)
/* Save SP */
leaq 8(%rsp), %rdx
movq %rdx, (JB_RSP*8)(%rdi)
/* Save PC we are returning to */
movq (%rsp), %rax
movq %rax, (JB_PC*8)(%rdi)
xorq %rax, %rax
ret
.size _st_md_cxt_save, .-_st_md_cxt_save
/****************************************************************/
/* _st_md_cxt_restore(__jmp_buf env, int val) */
.globl _st_md_cxt_restore
.type _st_md_cxt_restore, @function
.align 16
_st_md_cxt_restore:
/*
* Restore registers.
*/
movq (JB_RBX*8)(%rdi), %rbx
movq (JB_RBP*8)(%rdi), %rbp
movq (JB_R12*8)(%rdi), %r12
movq (JB_R13*8)(%rdi), %r13
movq (JB_R14*8)(%rdi), %r14
movq (JB_R15*8)(%rdi), %r15
/* Set return value */
test %esi, %esi
mov $01, %eax
cmove %eax, %esi
mov %esi, %eax
movq (JB_PC*8)(%rdi), %rdx
movq (JB_RSP*8)(%rdi), %rsp
/* Jump to saved PC */
jmpq *%rdx
.size _st_md_cxt_restore, .-_st_md_cxt_restore
/****************************************************************/
#endif

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/*
* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
* License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file
* except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*
* Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
* IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
* implied. See the License for the specific language governing
* rights and limitations under the License.
*
* The Original Code is the Netscape Portable Runtime library.
*
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Netscape
* Communications Corporation. Portions created by Netscape are
* Copyright (C) 1994-2000 Netscape Communications Corporation. All
* Rights Reserved.
*
* Contributor(s): Silicon Graphics, Inc.
*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000-2001 Silicon
* Graphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
* terms of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the
* "GPL"), in which case the provisions of the GPL are applicable
* instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your
* version of this file only under the terms of the GPL and not to
* allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL,
* indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and
* replace them with the notice and other provisions required by
* the GPL. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient
* may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the
* GPL.
*/
/*
* This file is derived directly from Netscape Communications Corporation,
* and consists of extensive modifications made during the year(s) 1999-2000.
*/
#ifndef __ST_MD_H__
#define __ST_MD_H__
#if defined(ETIMEDOUT) && !defined(ETIME)
#define ETIME ETIMEDOUT
#endif
#if defined(MAP_ANONYMOUS) && !defined(MAP_ANON)
#define MAP_ANON MAP_ANONYMOUS
#endif
#ifndef MAP_FAILED
#define MAP_FAILED -1
#endif
/*****************************************
* Platform specifics
*/
#if defined (AIX)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#define MD_USE_SYSV_ANON_MMAP
#define MD_ACCEPT_NB_INHERITED
#define MD_ALWAYS_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
#ifndef MD_HAVE_SOCKLEN_T
#define MD_HAVE_SOCKLEN_T
#define socklen_t unsigned long
#endif
#define MD_SETJMP(env) _setjmp(env)
#define MD_LONGJMP(env, val) _longjmp(env, val)
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
if (MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context)) \
_main(); \
(_thread)->context[3] = (long) (_sp); \
ST_END_MACRO
#define MD_GET_UTIME() \
timebasestruct_t rt; \
(void) read_real_time(&rt, TIMEBASE_SZ); \
(void) time_base_to_time(&rt, TIMEBASE_SZ); \
return (rt.tb_high * 1000000LL + rt.tb_low / 1000)
#elif defined (CYGWIN)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#define MD_USE_BSD_ANON_MMAP
#define MD_ACCEPT_NB_NOT_INHERITED
#define MD_ALWAYS_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
#define MD_SETJMP(env) setjmp(env)
#define MD_LONGJMP(env, val) longjmp(env, val)
#define MD_JB_SP 7
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (_t)->context[MD_JB_SP]
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
if (MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context)) \
_main(); \
MD_GET_SP(_thread) = (long) (_sp); \
ST_END_MACRO
#define MD_GET_UTIME() \
struct timeval tv; \
(void) gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); \
return (tv.tv_sec * 1000000LL + tv.tv_usec)
#elif defined (DARWIN)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#define MD_USE_BSD_ANON_MMAP
#define MD_ACCEPT_NB_INHERITED
#define MD_ALWAYS_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
#define MD_HAVE_SOCKLEN_T
#define MD_SETJMP(env) _setjmp(env)
#define MD_LONGJMP(env, val) _longjmp(env, val)
#if defined(__ppc__)
#define MD_JB_SP 0
#elif defined(__i386__)
#define MD_JB_SP 9
#elif defined(__x86_64__)
#define MD_JB_SP 4
#else
#error Unknown CPU architecture
#endif
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
if (MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context)) \
_main(); \
*((long *)&((_thread)->context[MD_JB_SP])) = (long) (_sp); \
ST_END_MACRO
#define MD_GET_UTIME() \
struct timeval tv; \
(void) gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); \
return (tv.tv_sec * 1000000LL + tv.tv_usec)
#elif defined (FREEBSD)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#define MD_USE_BSD_ANON_MMAP
#define MD_ACCEPT_NB_INHERITED
#define MD_ALWAYS_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
#define MD_SETJMP(env) _setjmp(env)
#define MD_LONGJMP(env, val) _longjmp(env, val)
#if defined(__i386__)
#define MD_JB_SP 2
#elif defined(__alpha__)
#define MD_JB_SP 34
#elif defined(__amd64__)
#define MD_JB_SP 2
#else
#error Unknown CPU architecture
#endif
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
if (MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context)) \
_main(); \
(_thread)->context[0]._jb[MD_JB_SP] = (long) (_sp); \
ST_END_MACRO
#define MD_GET_UTIME() \
struct timeval tv; \
(void) gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); \
return (tv.tv_sec * 1000000LL + tv.tv_usec)
#elif defined (HPUX)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_UP
#define MD_USE_BSD_ANON_MMAP
#define MD_ACCEPT_NB_INHERITED
#define MD_ALWAYS_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
#define MD_SETJMP(env) _setjmp(env)
#define MD_LONGJMP(env, val) _longjmp(env, val)
#ifndef __LP64__
/* 32-bit mode (ILP32 data model) */
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
if (MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context)) \
_main(); \
((long *)((_thread)->context))[1] = (long) (_sp); \
ST_END_MACRO
#else
/* 64-bit mode (LP64 data model) */
#define MD_STACK_PAD_SIZE 256
/* Last stack frame must be preserved */
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
if (MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context)) \
_main(); \
memcpy((char *)(_sp) - MD_STACK_PAD_SIZE, \
((char **)((_thread)->context))[1] - MD_STACK_PAD_SIZE, \
MD_STACK_PAD_SIZE); \
((long *)((_thread)->context))[1] = (long) (_sp); \
ST_END_MACRO
#endif /* !__LP64__ */
#define MD_GET_UTIME() \
struct timeval tv; \
(void) gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); \
return (tv.tv_sec * 1000000LL + tv.tv_usec)
#elif defined (IRIX)
#include <sys/syssgi.h>
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#define MD_USE_SYSV_ANON_MMAP
#define MD_ACCEPT_NB_INHERITED
#define MD_ALWAYS_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
#define MD_SETJMP(env) setjmp(env)
#define MD_LONGJMP(env, val) longjmp(env, val)
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
(void) MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context); \
(_thread)->context[JB_SP] = (long) (_sp); \
(_thread)->context[JB_PC] = (long) _main; \
ST_END_MACRO
#define MD_GET_UTIME() \
static int inited = 0; \
static clockid_t clock_id = CLOCK_SGI_CYCLE; \
struct timespec ts; \
if (!inited) { \
if (syssgi(SGI_CYCLECNTR_SIZE) < 64) \
clock_id = CLOCK_REALTIME; \
inited = 1; \
} \
(void) clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts); \
return (ts.tv_sec * 1000000LL + ts.tv_nsec / 1000)
/*
* Cap the stack by zeroing out the saved return address register
* value. This allows libexc, used by SpeedShop, to know when to stop
* backtracing since it won't find main, start, or any other known
* stack root function in a state thread's stack. Without this libexc
* traces right off the stack and crashes.
* The function preamble stores ra at 8(sp), this stores zero there.
* N.B. This macro is compiler/ABI dependent. It must change if ANY more
* automatic variables are added to the _st_thread_main() routine, because
* the address where ra is stored will change.
*/
#if !defined(__GNUC__) && defined(_MIPS_SIM) && _MIPS_SIM != _ABIO32
#define MD_CAP_STACK(var_addr) \
(((volatile __uint64_t *)(var_addr))[1] = 0)
#endif
#elif defined (LINUX)
/*
* These are properties of the linux kernel and are the same on every
* flavor and architecture.
*/
#define MD_USE_BSD_ANON_MMAP
#define MD_ACCEPT_NB_NOT_INHERITED
#define MD_ALWAYS_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
/*
* Modern GNU/Linux is Posix.1g compliant.
*/
#define MD_HAVE_SOCKLEN_T
/*
* All architectures and flavors of linux have the gettimeofday
* function but if you know of a faster way, use it.
*/
#define MD_GET_UTIME() \
struct timeval tv; \
(void) gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); \
return (tv.tv_sec * 1000000LL + tv.tv_usec)
#if defined(__ia64__)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
/*
* IA-64 architecture. Besides traditional memory call stack, IA-64
* uses general register stack. Thus each thread needs a backing store
* for register stack in addition to memory stack. Standard
* setjmp()/longjmp() cannot be used for thread context switching
* because their implementation implicitly assumes that only one
* register stack exists.
*/
#ifdef USE_LIBC_SETJMP
#undef USE_LIBC_SETJMP
#endif
#define MD_USE_BUILTIN_SETJMP
#define MD_STACK_PAD_SIZE 128
/* Last register stack frame must be preserved */
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _bsp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
if (MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context)) \
_main(); \
memcpy((char *)(_bsp) - MD_STACK_PAD_SIZE, \
(char *)(_thread)->context[0].__jmpbuf[17] - MD_STACK_PAD_SIZE, \
MD_STACK_PAD_SIZE); \
(_thread)->context[0].__jmpbuf[0] = (long) (_sp); \
(_thread)->context[0].__jmpbuf[17] = (long) (_bsp); \
ST_END_MACRO
#elif defined(__mips__)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context); \
_thread->context[0].__jmpbuf[0].__pc = (__ptr_t) _main; \
_thread->context[0].__jmpbuf[0].__sp = _sp; \
ST_END_MACRO
#else /* Not IA-64 or mips */
/*
* On linux, there are a few styles of jmpbuf format. These vary based
* on architecture/glibc combination.
*
* Most of the glibc based toggles were lifted from:
* mozilla/nsprpub/pr/include/md/_linux.h
*/
/*
* Starting with glibc 2.4, JB_SP definitions are not public anymore.
* They, however, can still be found in glibc source tree in
* architecture-specific "jmpbuf-offsets.h" files.
* Most importantly, the content of jmp_buf is mangled by setjmp to make
* it completely opaque (the mangling can be disabled by setting the
* LD_POINTER_GUARD environment variable before application execution).
* Therefore we will use built-in _st_md_cxt_save/_st_md_cxt_restore
* functions as a setjmp/longjmp replacement wherever they are available
* unless USE_LIBC_SETJMP is defined.
*/
#if defined(__powerpc__)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#if (__GLIBC__ > 2) || (__GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 1)
#ifndef JB_GPR1
#define JB_GPR1 0
#endif
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (_t)->context[0].__jmpbuf[JB_GPR1]
#else
/* not an error but certainly cause for caution */
#error "Untested use of old glibc on powerpc"
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (_t)->context[0].__jmpbuf[0].__misc[0]
#endif /* glibc 2.1 or later */
#elif defined(__alpha)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#if defined(__GLIBC__) && __GLIBC__ >= 2
#ifndef JB_SP
#define JB_SP 8
#endif
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (_t)->context[0].__jmpbuf[JB_SP]
#else
/* not an error but certainly cause for caution */
#error "Untested use of old glibc on alpha"
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (_t)->context[0].__jmpbuf[0].__sp
#endif
#elif defined(__mc68000__)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
/* m68k still uses old style sigjmp_buf */
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (_t)->context[0].__jmpbuf[0].__sp
#elif defined(__sparc__)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#if defined(__GLIBC__) && __GLIBC__ >= 2
#ifndef JB_SP
#define JB_SP 0
#endif
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (_t)->context[0].__jmpbuf[JB_SP]
#else
/* not an error but certainly cause for caution */
#error "Untested use of old glic on sparc -- also using odd mozilla derived __fp"
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (_t)->context[0].__jmpbuf[0].__fp
#endif
#elif defined(__i386__)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#define MD_USE_BUILTIN_SETJMP
#if defined(__GLIBC__) && __GLIBC__ >= 2
#ifndef JB_SP
#define JB_SP 4
#endif
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (_t)->context[0].__jmpbuf[JB_SP]
#else
/* not an error but certainly cause for caution */
#error "Untested use of old glibc on i386"
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (_t)->context[0].__jmpbuf[0].__sp
#endif
#elif defined(__amd64__) || defined(__x86_64__)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#define MD_USE_BUILTIN_SETJMP
#ifndef JB_RSP
#define JB_RSP 6
#endif
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (_t)->context[0].__jmpbuf[JB_RSP]
#elif defined(__arm__)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#if defined(__GLIBC__) && __GLIBC__ >= 2
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (_t)->context[0].__jmpbuf[20]
#else
#error "ARM/Linux pre-glibc2 not supported yet"
#endif /* defined(__GLIBC__) && __GLIBC__ >= 2 */
#elif defined(__s390__)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
/* There is no JB_SP in glibc at this time. (glibc 2.2.5)
*/
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (_t)->context[0].__jmpbuf[0].__gregs[9]
#elif defined(__hppa__)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_UP
/* yes, this is gross, unfortunately at the moment (2002/08/01) there is
* a bug in hppa's glibc header definition for JB_SP, so we can't
* use that...
*/
#define MD_GET_SP(_t) (*(long *)(((char *)&(_t)->context[0].__jmpbuf[0]) + 76))
#else
#error "Unknown CPU architecture"
#endif /* Cases with common MD_INIT_CONTEXT and different SP locations */
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
if (MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context)) \
_main(); \
MD_GET_SP(_thread) = (long) (_sp); \
ST_END_MACRO
#endif /* Cases with different MD_INIT_CONTEXT */
#if defined(MD_USE_BUILTIN_SETJMP) && !defined(USE_LIBC_SETJMP)
#define MD_SETJMP(env) _st_md_cxt_save(env)
#define MD_LONGJMP(env, val) _st_md_cxt_restore(env, val)
extern int _st_md_cxt_save(jmp_buf env);
extern void _st_md_cxt_restore(jmp_buf env, int val);
#else
#define MD_SETJMP(env) setjmp(env)
#define MD_LONGJMP(env, val) longjmp(env, val)
#endif
#elif defined (NETBSD)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#define MD_USE_BSD_ANON_MMAP
#define MD_ACCEPT_NB_INHERITED
#define MD_ALWAYS_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
#define MD_HAVE_SOCKLEN_T
#define MD_SETJMP(env) _setjmp(env)
#define MD_LONGJMP(env, val) _longjmp(env, val)
#if defined(__i386__)
#define MD_JB_SP 2
#elif defined(__alpha__)
#define MD_JB_SP 34
#elif defined(__sparc__)
#define MD_JB_SP 0
#elif defined(__vax__)
#define MD_JB_SP 2
#else
#error Unknown CPU architecture
#endif
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
if (MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context)) \
_main(); \
(_thread)->context[MD_JB_SP] = (long) (_sp); \
ST_END_MACRO
#define MD_GET_UTIME() \
struct timeval tv; \
(void) gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); \
return (tv.tv_sec * 1000000LL + tv.tv_usec)
#elif defined (OPENBSD)
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#define MD_USE_BSD_ANON_MMAP
#define MD_ACCEPT_NB_INHERITED
#define MD_ALWAYS_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
#define MD_SETJMP(env) _setjmp(env)
#define MD_LONGJMP(env, val) _longjmp(env, val)
#if defined(__i386__)
#define MD_JB_SP 2
#elif defined(__alpha__)
#define MD_JB_SP 34
#elif defined(__sparc__)
#define MD_JB_SP 0
#elif defined(__amd64__)
#define MD_JB_SP 6
#else
#error Unknown CPU architecture
#endif
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
if (MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context)) \
_main(); \
(_thread)->context[MD_JB_SP] = (long) (_sp); \
ST_END_MACRO
#define MD_GET_UTIME() \
struct timeval tv; \
(void) gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); \
return (tv.tv_sec * 1000000LL + tv.tv_usec)
#elif defined (OSF1)
#include <signal.h>
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#define MD_USE_SYSV_ANON_MMAP
#define MD_ACCEPT_NB_NOT_INHERITED
#define MD_ALWAYS_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
#define MD_SETJMP(env) _setjmp(env)
#define MD_LONGJMP(env, val) _longjmp(env, val)
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
if (MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context)) \
_main(); \
((struct sigcontext *)((_thread)->context))->sc_sp = (long) (_sp); \
ST_END_MACRO
#define MD_GET_UTIME() \
struct timeval tv; \
(void) gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); \
return (tv.tv_sec * 1000000LL + tv.tv_usec)
#elif defined (SOLARIS)
#include <sys/filio.h>
extern int getpagesize(void);
#define MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN
#define MD_USE_SYSV_ANON_MMAP
#define MD_ACCEPT_NB_NOT_INHERITED
#define MD_SETJMP(env) setjmp(env)
#define MD_LONGJMP(env, val) longjmp(env, val)
#if defined(sparc) || defined(__sparc)
#ifdef _LP64
#define MD_STACK_PAD_SIZE 4095
#endif
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
(void) MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context); \
(_thread)->context[1] = (long) (_sp); \
(_thread)->context[2] = (long) _main; \
ST_END_MACRO
#elif defined(i386) || defined(__i386)
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
(void) MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context); \
(_thread)->context[4] = (long) (_sp); \
(_thread)->context[5] = (long) _main; \
ST_END_MACRO
#elif defined(__amd64__)
#define MD_INIT_CONTEXT(_thread, _sp, _main) \
ST_BEGIN_MACRO \
if (MD_SETJMP((_thread)->context)) \
_main(); \
(_thread)->context[6] = (long) (_sp); \
ST_END_MACRO
#else
#error Unknown CPU architecture
#endif
#define MD_GET_UTIME() \
return (gethrtime() / 1000)
#else
#error Unknown OS
#endif /* OS */
#if !defined(MD_HAVE_POLL) && !defined(MD_DONT_HAVE_POLL)
#define MD_HAVE_POLL
#endif
#ifndef MD_STACK_PAD_SIZE
#define MD_STACK_PAD_SIZE 128
#endif
#if !defined(MD_HAVE_SOCKLEN_T) && !defined(socklen_t)
#define socklen_t int
#endif
#ifndef MD_CAP_STACK
#define MD_CAP_STACK(var_addr)
#endif
#endif /* !__ST_MD_H__ */

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#
# This script can be used to automatically guess target OS.
# It requires the config.guess utility which is a part of GNU Autoconf.
# GNU Autoconf can be downloaded from ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/
#
# Use "default" as a make target for automatic builds.
#
# Specify path to the config.guess utility (unless set via environment)
#CONFIG_GUESS_PATH=
if [ x"$CONFIG_GUESS_PATH" = x ]; then
echo "Error: CONFIG_GUESS_PATH variable is not set"
exit 1
fi
if [ ! -f "$CONFIG_GUESS_PATH/config.guess" ]; then
echo "Can't find $CONFIG_GUESS_PATH/config.guess utility. Wrong path?"
exit 1
fi
sys_info=`/bin/sh $CONFIG_GUESS_PATH/config.guess`
echo "Building for $sys_info"
case "$sys_info" in
*-ibm-aix4* ) OS=AIX ;;
*-freebsd* ) OS=FREEBSD ;;
hppa*-hp-hpux11*) OS=HPUX ;;
*-sgi-irix6* ) OS=IRIX ;;
*-linux* ) OS=LINUX ;;
*-netbsd* ) OS=NETBSD ;;
*-openbsd* ) OS=OPENBSD ;;
*-dec-osf* ) OS=OSF1 ;;
*-solaris2* ) OS=SOLARIS ;;
*-darwin* ) OS=DARWIN ;;
* ) OS=
echo "Sorry, unsupported OS"
exit 1 ;;
esac
echo "Making with OS=$OS"

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/*
* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
* License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file
* except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*
* Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
* IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
* implied. See the License for the specific language governing
* rights and limitations under the License.
*
* The Original Code is the Netscape Portable Runtime library.
*
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Netscape
* Communications Corporation. Portions created by Netscape are
* Copyright (C) 1994-2000 Netscape Communications Corporation. All
* Rights Reserved.
*
* Contributor(s): Silicon Graphics, Inc.
*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000-2001 Silicon
* Graphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
* terms of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the
* "GPL"), in which case the provisions of the GPL are applicable
* instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your
* version of this file only under the terms of the GPL and not to
* allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL,
* indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and
* replace them with the notice and other provisions required by
* the GPL. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient
* may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the
* GPL.
*/
#ifndef __ST_THREAD_H__
#define __ST_THREAD_H__
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <poll.h>
#define ST_VERSION "1.9"
#define ST_VERSION_MAJOR 1
#define ST_VERSION_MINOR 9
/* Undefine this to remove the context switch callback feature. */
#define ST_SWITCH_CB
#ifndef ETIME
#define ETIME ETIMEDOUT
#endif
#ifndef ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT
#define ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT ((st_utime_t) -1LL)
#endif
#ifndef ST_UTIME_NO_WAIT
#define ST_UTIME_NO_WAIT 0
#endif
#define ST_EVENTSYS_DEFAULT 0
#define ST_EVENTSYS_SELECT 1
#define ST_EVENTSYS_POLL 2
#define ST_EVENTSYS_ALT 3
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
typedef unsigned long long st_utime_t;
typedef struct _st_thread * st_thread_t;
typedef struct _st_cond * st_cond_t;
typedef struct _st_mutex * st_mutex_t;
typedef struct _st_netfd * st_netfd_t;
#ifdef ST_SWITCH_CB
typedef void (*st_switch_cb_t)(void);
#endif
extern int st_init(void);
extern int st_getfdlimit(void);
extern int st_set_eventsys(int eventsys);
extern int st_get_eventsys(void);
extern const char *st_get_eventsys_name(void);
#ifdef ST_SWITCH_CB
extern st_switch_cb_t st_set_switch_in_cb(st_switch_cb_t cb);
extern st_switch_cb_t st_set_switch_out_cb(st_switch_cb_t cb);
#endif
extern st_thread_t st_thread_self(void);
extern void st_thread_exit(void *retval);
extern int st_thread_join(st_thread_t thread, void **retvalp);
extern void st_thread_interrupt(st_thread_t thread);
extern st_thread_t st_thread_create(void *(*start)(void *arg), void *arg,
int joinable, int stack_size);
extern int st_randomize_stacks(int on);
extern int st_set_utime_function(st_utime_t (*func)(void));
extern st_utime_t st_utime(void);
extern st_utime_t st_utime_last_clock(void);
extern int st_timecache_set(int on);
extern time_t st_time(void);
extern int st_usleep(st_utime_t usecs);
extern int st_sleep(int secs);
extern st_cond_t st_cond_new(void);
extern int st_cond_destroy(st_cond_t cvar);
extern int st_cond_timedwait(st_cond_t cvar, st_utime_t timeout);
extern int st_cond_wait(st_cond_t cvar);
extern int st_cond_signal(st_cond_t cvar);
extern int st_cond_broadcast(st_cond_t cvar);
extern st_mutex_t st_mutex_new(void);
extern int st_mutex_destroy(st_mutex_t lock);
extern int st_mutex_lock(st_mutex_t lock);
extern int st_mutex_unlock(st_mutex_t lock);
extern int st_mutex_trylock(st_mutex_t lock);
extern int st_key_create(int *keyp, void (*destructor)(void *));
extern int st_key_getlimit(void);
extern int st_thread_setspecific(int key, void *value);
extern void *st_thread_getspecific(int key);
extern st_netfd_t st_netfd_open(int osfd);
extern st_netfd_t st_netfd_open_socket(int osfd);
extern void st_netfd_free(st_netfd_t fd);
extern int st_netfd_close(st_netfd_t fd);
extern int st_netfd_fileno(st_netfd_t fd);
extern void st_netfd_setspecific(st_netfd_t fd, void *value,
void (*destructor)(void *));
extern void *st_netfd_getspecific(st_netfd_t fd);
extern int st_netfd_serialize_accept(st_netfd_t fd);
extern int st_netfd_poll(st_netfd_t fd, int how, st_utime_t timeout);
extern int st_poll(struct pollfd *pds, int npds, st_utime_t timeout);
extern st_netfd_t st_accept(st_netfd_t fd, struct sockaddr *addr, int *addrlen,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern int st_connect(st_netfd_t fd, const struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern ssize_t st_read(st_netfd_t fd, void *buf, size_t nbyte,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern ssize_t st_read_fully(st_netfd_t fd, void *buf, size_t nbyte,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern int st_read_resid(st_netfd_t fd, void *buf, size_t *resid,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern ssize_t st_readv(st_netfd_t fd, const struct iovec *iov, int iov_size,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern int st_readv_resid(st_netfd_t fd, struct iovec **iov, int *iov_size,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern ssize_t st_write(st_netfd_t fd, const void *buf, size_t nbyte,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern int st_write_resid(st_netfd_t fd, const void *buf, size_t *resid,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern ssize_t st_writev(st_netfd_t fd, const struct iovec *iov, int iov_size,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern int st_writev_resid(st_netfd_t fd, struct iovec **iov, int *iov_size,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern int st_recvfrom(st_netfd_t fd, void *buf, int len,
struct sockaddr *from, int *fromlen,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern int st_sendto(st_netfd_t fd, const void *msg, int len,
const struct sockaddr *to, int tolen, st_utime_t timeout);
extern int st_recvmsg(st_netfd_t fd, struct msghdr *msg, int flags,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern int st_sendmsg(st_netfd_t fd, const struct msghdr *msg, int flags,
st_utime_t timeout);
extern st_netfd_t st_open(const char *path, int oflags, mode_t mode);
#ifdef DEBUG
extern void _st_show_thread_stack(st_thread_t thread, const char *messg);
extern void _st_iterate_threads(void);
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* !__ST_THREAD_H__ */

672
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/*
* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
* License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file
* except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*
* Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
* IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
* implied. See the License for the specific language governing
* rights and limitations under the License.
*
* The Original Code is the Netscape Portable Runtime library.
*
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Netscape
* Communications Corporation. Portions created by Netscape are
* Copyright (C) 1994-2000 Netscape Communications Corporation. All
* Rights Reserved.
*
* Contributor(s): Silicon Graphics, Inc.
*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000-2001 Silicon
* Graphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
* terms of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the
* "GPL"), in which case the provisions of the GPL are applicable
* instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your
* version of this file only under the terms of the GPL and not to
* allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL,
* indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and
* replace them with the notice and other provisions required by
* the GPL. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient
* may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the
* GPL.
*/
/*
* This file is derived directly from Netscape Communications Corporation,
* and consists of extensive modifications made during the year(s) 1999-2000.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "common.h"
/* Global data */
_st_vp_t _st_this_vp; /* This VP */
_st_thread_t *_st_this_thread; /* Current thread */
int _st_active_count = 0; /* Active thread count */
time_t _st_curr_time = 0; /* Current time as returned by time(2) */
st_utime_t _st_last_tset; /* Last time it was fetched */
int st_poll(struct pollfd *pds, int npds, st_utime_t timeout)
{
struct pollfd *pd;
struct pollfd *epd = pds + npds;
_st_pollq_t pq;
_st_thread_t *me = _ST_CURRENT_THREAD();
int n;
if (me->flags & _ST_FL_INTERRUPT) {
me->flags &= ~_ST_FL_INTERRUPT;
errno = EINTR;
return -1;
}
if ((*_st_eventsys->pollset_add)(pds, npds) < 0)
return -1;
pq.pds = pds;
pq.npds = npds;
pq.thread = me;
pq.on_ioq = 1;
_ST_ADD_IOQ(pq);
if (timeout != ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT)
_ST_ADD_SLEEPQ(me, timeout);
me->state = _ST_ST_IO_WAIT;
_ST_SWITCH_CONTEXT(me);
n = 0;
if (pq.on_ioq) {
/* If we timed out, the pollq might still be on the ioq. Remove it */
_ST_DEL_IOQ(pq);
(*_st_eventsys->pollset_del)(pds, npds);
} else {
/* Count the number of ready descriptors */
for (pd = pds; pd < epd; pd++) {
if (pd->revents)
n++;
}
}
if (me->flags & _ST_FL_INTERRUPT) {
me->flags &= ~_ST_FL_INTERRUPT;
errno = EINTR;
return -1;
}
return n;
}
void _st_vp_schedule(void)
{
_st_thread_t *thread;
if (_ST_RUNQ.next != &_ST_RUNQ) {
/* Pull thread off of the run queue */
thread = _ST_THREAD_PTR(_ST_RUNQ.next);
_ST_DEL_RUNQ(thread);
} else {
/* If there are no threads to run, switch to the idle thread */
thread = _st_this_vp.idle_thread;
}
ST_ASSERT(thread->state == _ST_ST_RUNNABLE);
/* Resume the thread */
thread->state = _ST_ST_RUNNING;
_ST_RESTORE_CONTEXT(thread);
}
/*
* Initialize this Virtual Processor
*/
int st_init(void)
{
_st_thread_t *thread;
if (_st_active_count) {
/* Already initialized */
return 0;
}
/* We can ignore return value here */
st_set_eventsys(ST_EVENTSYS_DEFAULT);
if (_st_io_init() < 0)
return -1;
memset(&_st_this_vp, 0, sizeof(_st_vp_t));
ST_INIT_CLIST(&_ST_RUNQ);
ST_INIT_CLIST(&_ST_IOQ);
ST_INIT_CLIST(&_ST_ZOMBIEQ);
#ifdef DEBUG
ST_INIT_CLIST(&_ST_THREADQ);
#endif
if ((*_st_eventsys->init)() < 0)
return -1;
_st_this_vp.pagesize = getpagesize();
_st_this_vp.last_clock = st_utime();
/*
* Create idle thread
*/
_st_this_vp.idle_thread = st_thread_create(_st_idle_thread_start,
NULL, 0, 0);
if (!_st_this_vp.idle_thread)
return -1;
_st_this_vp.idle_thread->flags = _ST_FL_IDLE_THREAD;
_st_active_count--;
_ST_DEL_RUNQ(_st_this_vp.idle_thread);
/*
* Initialize primordial thread
*/
thread = (_st_thread_t *) calloc(1, sizeof(_st_thread_t) +
(ST_KEYS_MAX * sizeof(void *)));
if (!thread)
return -1;
thread->private_data = (void **) (thread + 1);
thread->state = _ST_ST_RUNNING;
thread->flags = _ST_FL_PRIMORDIAL;
_ST_SET_CURRENT_THREAD(thread);
_st_active_count++;
#ifdef DEBUG
_ST_ADD_THREADQ(thread);
#endif
return 0;
}
#ifdef ST_SWITCH_CB
st_switch_cb_t st_set_switch_in_cb(st_switch_cb_t cb)
{
st_switch_cb_t ocb = _st_this_vp.switch_in_cb;
_st_this_vp.switch_in_cb = cb;
return ocb;
}
st_switch_cb_t st_set_switch_out_cb(st_switch_cb_t cb)
{
st_switch_cb_t ocb = _st_this_vp.switch_out_cb;
_st_this_vp.switch_out_cb = cb;
return ocb;
}
#endif
/*
* Start function for the idle thread
*/
/* ARGSUSED */
void *_st_idle_thread_start(void *arg)
{
_st_thread_t *me = _ST_CURRENT_THREAD();
while (_st_active_count > 0) {
/* Idle vp till I/O is ready or the smallest timeout expired */
_ST_VP_IDLE();
/* Check sleep queue for expired threads */
_st_vp_check_clock();
me->state = _ST_ST_RUNNABLE;
_ST_SWITCH_CONTEXT(me);
}
/* No more threads */
exit(0);
/* NOTREACHED */
return NULL;
}
void st_thread_exit(void *retval)
{
_st_thread_t *thread = _ST_CURRENT_THREAD();
thread->retval = retval;
_st_thread_cleanup(thread);
_st_active_count--;
if (thread->term) {
/* Put thread on the zombie queue */
thread->state = _ST_ST_ZOMBIE;
_ST_ADD_ZOMBIEQ(thread);
/* Notify on our termination condition variable */
st_cond_signal(thread->term);
/* Switch context and come back later */
_ST_SWITCH_CONTEXT(thread);
/* Continue the cleanup */
st_cond_destroy(thread->term);
thread->term = NULL;
}
#ifdef DEBUG
_ST_DEL_THREADQ(thread);
#endif
if (!(thread->flags & _ST_FL_PRIMORDIAL))
_st_stack_free(thread->stack);
/* Find another thread to run */
_ST_SWITCH_CONTEXT(thread);
/* Not going to land here */
}
int st_thread_join(_st_thread_t *thread, void **retvalp)
{
_st_cond_t *term = thread->term;
/* Can't join a non-joinable thread */
if (term == NULL) {
errno = EINVAL;
return -1;
}
if (_ST_CURRENT_THREAD() == thread) {
errno = EDEADLK;
return -1;
}
/* Multiple threads can't wait on the same joinable thread */
if (term->wait_q.next != &term->wait_q) {
errno = EINVAL;
return -1;
}
while (thread->state != _ST_ST_ZOMBIE) {
if (st_cond_timedwait(term, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT) != 0)
return -1;
}
if (retvalp)
*retvalp = thread->retval;
/*
* Remove target thread from the zombie queue and make it runnable.
* When it gets scheduled later, it will do the clean up.
*/
thread->state = _ST_ST_RUNNABLE;
_ST_DEL_ZOMBIEQ(thread);
_ST_ADD_RUNQ(thread);
return 0;
}
void _st_thread_main(void)
{
_st_thread_t *thread = _ST_CURRENT_THREAD();
/*
* Cap the stack by zeroing out the saved return address register
* value. This allows some debugging/profiling tools to know when
* to stop unwinding the stack. It's a no-op on most platforms.
*/
MD_CAP_STACK(&thread);
/* Run thread main */
thread->retval = (*thread->start)(thread->arg);
/* All done, time to go away */
st_thread_exit(thread->retval);
}
/*
* Insert "thread" into the timeout heap, in the position
* specified by thread->heap_index. See docs/timeout_heap.txt
* for details about the timeout heap.
*/
static _st_thread_t **heap_insert(_st_thread_t *thread) {
int target = thread->heap_index;
int s = target;
_st_thread_t **p = &_ST_SLEEPQ;
int bits = 0;
int bit;
int index = 1;
while (s) {
s >>= 1;
bits++;
}
for (bit = bits - 2; bit >= 0; bit--) {
if (thread->due < (*p)->due) {
_st_thread_t *t = *p;
thread->left = t->left;
thread->right = t->right;
*p = thread;
thread->heap_index = index;
thread = t;
}
index <<= 1;
if (target & (1 << bit)) {
p = &((*p)->right);
index |= 1;
} else {
p = &((*p)->left);
}
}
thread->heap_index = index;
*p = thread;
thread->left = thread->right = NULL;
return p;
}
/*
* Delete "thread" from the timeout heap.
*/
static void heap_delete(_st_thread_t *thread) {
_st_thread_t *t, **p;
int bits = 0;
int s, bit;
/* First find and unlink the last heap element */
p = &_ST_SLEEPQ;
s = _ST_SLEEPQ_SIZE;
while (s) {
s >>= 1;
bits++;
}
for (bit = bits - 2; bit >= 0; bit--) {
if (_ST_SLEEPQ_SIZE & (1 << bit)) {
p = &((*p)->right);
} else {
p = &((*p)->left);
}
}
t = *p;
*p = NULL;
--_ST_SLEEPQ_SIZE;
if (t != thread) {
/*
* Insert the unlinked last element in place of the element we are deleting
*/
t->heap_index = thread->heap_index;
p = heap_insert(t);
t = *p;
t->left = thread->left;
t->right = thread->right;
/*
* Reestablish the heap invariant.
*/
for (;;) {
_st_thread_t *y; /* The younger child */
int index_tmp;
if (t->left == NULL)
break;
else if (t->right == NULL)
y = t->left;
else if (t->left->due < t->right->due)
y = t->left;
else
y = t->right;
if (t->due > y->due) {
_st_thread_t *tl = y->left;
_st_thread_t *tr = y->right;
*p = y;
if (y == t->left) {
y->left = t;
y->right = t->right;
p = &y->left;
} else {
y->left = t->left;
y->right = t;
p = &y->right;
}
t->left = tl;
t->right = tr;
index_tmp = t->heap_index;
t->heap_index = y->heap_index;
y->heap_index = index_tmp;
} else {
break;
}
}
}
thread->left = thread->right = NULL;
}
void _st_add_sleep_q(_st_thread_t *thread, st_utime_t timeout)
{
thread->due = _ST_LAST_CLOCK + timeout;
thread->flags |= _ST_FL_ON_SLEEPQ;
thread->heap_index = ++_ST_SLEEPQ_SIZE;
heap_insert(thread);
}
void _st_del_sleep_q(_st_thread_t *thread)
{
heap_delete(thread);
thread->flags &= ~_ST_FL_ON_SLEEPQ;
}
void _st_vp_check_clock(void)
{
_st_thread_t *thread;
st_utime_t elapsed, now;
now = st_utime();
elapsed = now - _ST_LAST_CLOCK;
_ST_LAST_CLOCK = now;
if (_st_curr_time && now - _st_last_tset > 999000) {
_st_curr_time = time(NULL);
_st_last_tset = now;
}
while (_ST_SLEEPQ != NULL) {
thread = _ST_SLEEPQ;
ST_ASSERT(thread->flags & _ST_FL_ON_SLEEPQ);
if (thread->due > now)
break;
_ST_DEL_SLEEPQ(thread);
/* If thread is waiting on condition variable, set the time out flag */
if (thread->state == _ST_ST_COND_WAIT)
thread->flags |= _ST_FL_TIMEDOUT;
/* Make thread runnable */
ST_ASSERT(!(thread->flags & _ST_FL_IDLE_THREAD));
thread->state = _ST_ST_RUNNABLE;
_ST_ADD_RUNQ(thread);
}
}
void st_thread_interrupt(_st_thread_t *thread)
{
/* If thread is already dead */
if (thread->state == _ST_ST_ZOMBIE)
return;
thread->flags |= _ST_FL_INTERRUPT;
if (thread->state == _ST_ST_RUNNING || thread->state == _ST_ST_RUNNABLE)
return;
if (thread->flags & _ST_FL_ON_SLEEPQ)
_ST_DEL_SLEEPQ(thread);
/* Make thread runnable */
thread->state = _ST_ST_RUNNABLE;
_ST_ADD_RUNQ(thread);
}
_st_thread_t *st_thread_create(void *(*start)(void *arg), void *arg,
int joinable, int stk_size)
{
_st_thread_t *thread;
_st_stack_t *stack;
void **ptds;
char *sp;
#ifdef __ia64__
char *bsp;
#endif
/* Adjust stack size */
if (stk_size == 0)
stk_size = ST_DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE;
stk_size = ((stk_size + _ST_PAGE_SIZE - 1) / _ST_PAGE_SIZE) * _ST_PAGE_SIZE;
stack = _st_stack_new(stk_size);
if (!stack)
return NULL;
/* Allocate thread object and per-thread data off the stack */
#if defined (MD_STACK_GROWS_DOWN)
sp = stack->stk_top;
#ifdef __ia64__
/*
* The stack segment is split in the middle. The upper half is used
* as backing store for the register stack which grows upward.
* The lower half is used for the traditional memory stack which
* grows downward. Both stacks start in the middle and grow outward
* from each other.
*/
sp -= (stk_size >> 1);
bsp = sp;
/* Make register stack 64-byte aligned */
if ((unsigned long)bsp & 0x3f)
bsp = bsp + (0x40 - ((unsigned long)bsp & 0x3f));
stack->bsp = bsp + _ST_STACK_PAD_SIZE;
#endif
sp = sp - (ST_KEYS_MAX * sizeof(void *));
ptds = (void **) sp;
sp = sp - sizeof(_st_thread_t);
thread = (_st_thread_t *) sp;
/* Make stack 64-byte aligned */
if ((unsigned long)sp & 0x3f)
sp = sp - ((unsigned long)sp & 0x3f);
stack->sp = sp - _ST_STACK_PAD_SIZE;
#elif defined (MD_STACK_GROWS_UP)
sp = stack->stk_bottom;
thread = (_st_thread_t *) sp;
sp = sp + sizeof(_st_thread_t);
ptds = (void **) sp;
sp = sp + (ST_KEYS_MAX * sizeof(void *));
/* Make stack 64-byte aligned */
if ((unsigned long)sp & 0x3f)
sp = sp + (0x40 - ((unsigned long)sp & 0x3f));
stack->sp = sp + _ST_STACK_PAD_SIZE;
#else
#error Unknown OS
#endif
memset(thread, 0, sizeof(_st_thread_t));
memset(ptds, 0, ST_KEYS_MAX * sizeof(void *));
/* Initialize thread */
thread->private_data = ptds;
thread->stack = stack;
thread->start = start;
thread->arg = arg;
#ifndef __ia64__
_ST_INIT_CONTEXT(thread, stack->sp, _st_thread_main);
#else
_ST_INIT_CONTEXT(thread, stack->sp, stack->bsp, _st_thread_main);
#endif
/* If thread is joinable, allocate a termination condition variable */
if (joinable) {
thread->term = st_cond_new();
if (thread->term == NULL) {
_st_stack_free(thread->stack);
return NULL;
}
}
/* Make thread runnable */
thread->state = _ST_ST_RUNNABLE;
_st_active_count++;
_ST_ADD_RUNQ(thread);
#ifdef DEBUG
_ST_ADD_THREADQ(thread);
#endif
return thread;
}
_st_thread_t *st_thread_self(void)
{
return _ST_CURRENT_THREAD();
}
#ifdef DEBUG
/* ARGSUSED */
void _st_show_thread_stack(_st_thread_t *thread, const char *messg)
{
}
/* To be set from debugger */
int _st_iterate_threads_flag = 0;
void _st_iterate_threads(void)
{
static _st_thread_t *thread = NULL;
static jmp_buf orig_jb, save_jb;
_st_clist_t *q;
if (!_st_iterate_threads_flag) {
if (thread) {
memcpy(thread->context, save_jb, sizeof(jmp_buf));
MD_LONGJMP(orig_jb, 1);
}
return;
}
if (thread) {
memcpy(thread->context, save_jb, sizeof(jmp_buf));
_st_show_thread_stack(thread, NULL);
} else {
if (MD_SETJMP(orig_jb)) {
_st_iterate_threads_flag = 0;
thread = NULL;
_st_show_thread_stack(thread, "Iteration completed");
return;
}
thread = _ST_CURRENT_THREAD();
_st_show_thread_stack(thread, "Iteration started");
}
q = thread->tlink.next;
if (q == &_ST_THREADQ)
q = q->next;
ST_ASSERT(q != &_ST_THREADQ);
thread = _ST_THREAD_THREADQ_PTR(q);
if (thread == _ST_CURRENT_THREAD())
MD_LONGJMP(orig_jb, 1);
memcpy(save_jb, thread->context, sizeof(jmp_buf));
MD_LONGJMP(thread->context, 1);
}
#endif /* DEBUG */

10
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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
prefix=@prefix@
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
includedir=${prefix}/include
Name: libst
Description: State Thread Library
Version: @VERSION@
Libs: -L${libdir} -lst
Cflags: -I${includedir}

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Summary: State Threads Library
Name: st
Version: 1.9
Release: 1
Copyright: MPL 1.2 or GPL 2+
Packager: Wesley W. Terpstra <wesley@terpstra.ca>
Source: http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/state-threads/st-%{version}.tar.gz
Prefix: /usr
BuildRoot: /tmp/%{name}-%{version}-build
Group: Development/Libraries
%description
The State Threads library has an interface similar to POSIX threads.
However, the threads are actually all run in-process. This type of
threading allows for controlled schedualing points. It is highly useful
for designing robust and extremely scalable internet applications since
there is no resource contention and locking is generally unnecessary.
It can be combined with traditional threading or multiple process
parallelism to take advantage of multiple processors.
See: <http://state-threads.sourceforge.net/docs/st.html> for further
information about how state threads improve performance.
%package -n libst-devel
Summary: State Threads Library - Development Files
Group: Development/Libraries
Requires: libst1
%description -n libst-devel
Development headers and documentation for libst
%package -n libst1
Summary: State Threads Library - Shared Libs Major 1
Group: System/Libraries
%description -n libst1
Shared libraries for running applications linked against api version 1.
%prep
%setup -q
%build
make CONFIG_GUESS_PATH=/usr/share/automake default-optimized
%install
if [ -d ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT} ]; then rm -rf ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}; fi
mkdir -m 0755 -p ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}/%{prefix}/lib/pkgconfig
mkdir -m 0755 -p ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}/%{prefix}/include
mkdir -m 0755 -p ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}/%{prefix}/share/doc/libst-devel
cp -a obj/libst.* ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}/%{prefix}/lib
cp -a obj/st.h ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}/%{prefix}/include
sed "s*@prefix@*%{prefix}*g" <st.pc >${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}/%{prefix}/lib/pkgconfig/st.pc
cp -a docs/* ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}/%{prefix}/share/doc/libst-devel/
cp -a examples ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}/%{prefix}/share/doc/libst-devel/
%post -n libst1
/sbin/ldconfig %{prefix}/lib
%files -n libst1
%defattr(-,root,root)
%{prefix}/lib/lib*.so.*
%files -n libst-devel
%defattr(-,root,root)
%{prefix}/include/*
%{prefix}/lib/lib*.a
%{prefix}/lib/lib*.so
%{prefix}/lib/pkgconfig/st.pc
%{prefix}/share/doc/libst-devel/*
%clean
if [ -d ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT} ]; then rm -rf ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}; fi
%changelog
* Wed Dec 26 2001 Wesley W. Terpstra <wesley@terpstra.ca>
- first rpms for libst-1.3.tar.gz

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/*
* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
* License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file
* except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*
* Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
* IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
* implied. See the License for the specific language governing
* rights and limitations under the License.
*
* The Original Code is the Netscape Portable Runtime library.
*
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Netscape
* Communications Corporation. Portions created by Netscape are
* Copyright (C) 1994-2000 Netscape Communications Corporation. All
* Rights Reserved.
*
* Contributor(s): Silicon Graphics, Inc.
*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000-2001 Silicon
* Graphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
* terms of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the
* "GPL"), in which case the provisions of the GPL are applicable
* instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your
* version of this file only under the terms of the GPL and not to
* allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL,
* indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and
* replace them with the notice and other provisions required by
* the GPL. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient
* may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the
* GPL.
*/
/*
* This file is derived directly from Netscape Communications Corporation,
* and consists of extensive modifications made during the year(s) 1999-2000.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include "common.h"
/* How much space to leave between the stacks, at each end */
#define REDZONE _ST_PAGE_SIZE
_st_clist_t _st_free_stacks = ST_INIT_STATIC_CLIST(&_st_free_stacks);
int _st_num_free_stacks = 0;
int _st_randomize_stacks = 0;
static char *_st_new_stk_segment(int size);
_st_stack_t *_st_stack_new(int stack_size)
{
_st_clist_t *qp;
_st_stack_t *ts;
int extra;
for (qp = _st_free_stacks.next; qp != &_st_free_stacks; qp = qp->next) {
ts = _ST_THREAD_STACK_PTR(qp);
if (ts->stk_size >= stack_size) {
/* Found a stack that is big enough */
ST_REMOVE_LINK(&ts->links);
_st_num_free_stacks--;
ts->links.next = NULL;
ts->links.prev = NULL;
return ts;
}
}
/* Make a new thread stack object. */
if ((ts = (_st_stack_t *)calloc(1, sizeof(_st_stack_t))) == NULL)
return NULL;
extra = _st_randomize_stacks ? _ST_PAGE_SIZE : 0;
ts->vaddr_size = stack_size + 2*REDZONE + extra;
ts->vaddr = _st_new_stk_segment(ts->vaddr_size);
if (!ts->vaddr) {
free(ts);
return NULL;
}
ts->stk_size = stack_size;
ts->stk_bottom = ts->vaddr + REDZONE;
ts->stk_top = ts->stk_bottom + stack_size;
#ifdef DEBUG
mprotect(ts->vaddr, REDZONE, PROT_NONE);
mprotect(ts->stk_top + extra, REDZONE, PROT_NONE);
#endif
if (extra) {
long offset = (random() % extra) & ~0xf;
ts->stk_bottom += offset;
ts->stk_top += offset;
}
return ts;
}
/*
* Free the stack for the current thread
*/
void _st_stack_free(_st_stack_t *ts)
{
if (!ts)
return;
/* Put the stack on the free list */
ST_APPEND_LINK(&ts->links, _st_free_stacks.prev);
_st_num_free_stacks++;
}
static char *_st_new_stk_segment(int size)
{
#ifdef MALLOC_STACK
void *vaddr = malloc(size);
#else
static int zero_fd = -1;
int mmap_flags = MAP_PRIVATE;
void *vaddr;
#if defined (MD_USE_SYSV_ANON_MMAP)
if (zero_fd < 0) {
if ((zero_fd = open("/dev/zero", O_RDWR, 0)) < 0)
return NULL;
fcntl(zero_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
}
#elif defined (MD_USE_BSD_ANON_MMAP)
mmap_flags |= MAP_ANON;
#else
#error Unknown OS
#endif
vaddr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, mmap_flags, zero_fd, 0);
if (vaddr == (void *)MAP_FAILED)
return NULL;
#endif /* MALLOC_STACK */
return (char *)vaddr;
}
/* Not used */
#if 0
void _st_delete_stk_segment(char *vaddr, int size)
{
#ifdef MALLOC_STACK
free(vaddr);
#else
(void) munmap(vaddr, size);
#endif
}
#endif
int st_randomize_stacks(int on)
{
int wason = _st_randomize_stacks;
_st_randomize_stacks = on;
if (on)
srandom((unsigned int) st_utime());
return wason;
}

369
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@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
/*
* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public
* License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file
* except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*
* Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
* IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
* implied. See the License for the specific language governing
* rights and limitations under the License.
*
* The Original Code is the Netscape Portable Runtime library.
*
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Netscape
* Communications Corporation. Portions created by Netscape are
* Copyright (C) 1994-2000 Netscape Communications Corporation. All
* Rights Reserved.
*
* Contributor(s): Silicon Graphics, Inc.
*
* Portions created by SGI are Copyright (C) 2000-2001 Silicon
* Graphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the
* terms of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the
* "GPL"), in which case the provisions of the GPL are applicable
* instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your
* version of this file only under the terms of the GPL and not to
* allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL,
* indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and
* replace them with the notice and other provisions required by
* the GPL. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient
* may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the
* GPL.
*/
/*
* This file is derived directly from Netscape Communications Corporation,
* and consists of extensive modifications made during the year(s) 1999-2000.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "common.h"
extern time_t _st_curr_time;
extern st_utime_t _st_last_tset;
extern int _st_active_count;
static st_utime_t (*_st_utime)(void) = NULL;
/*****************************************
* Time functions
*/
st_utime_t st_utime(void)
{
if (_st_utime == NULL) {
#ifdef MD_GET_UTIME
MD_GET_UTIME();
#else
#error Unknown OS
#endif
}
return (*_st_utime)();
}
int st_set_utime_function(st_utime_t (*func)(void))
{
if (_st_active_count) {
errno = EINVAL;
return -1;
}
_st_utime = func;
return 0;
}
st_utime_t st_utime_last_clock(void)
{
return _ST_LAST_CLOCK;
}
int st_timecache_set(int on)
{
int wason = (_st_curr_time) ? 1 : 0;
if (on) {
_st_curr_time = time(NULL);
_st_last_tset = st_utime();
} else
_st_curr_time = 0;
return wason;
}
time_t st_time(void)
{
if (_st_curr_time)
return _st_curr_time;
return time(NULL);
}
int st_usleep(st_utime_t usecs)
{
_st_thread_t *me = _ST_CURRENT_THREAD();
if (me->flags & _ST_FL_INTERRUPT) {
me->flags &= ~_ST_FL_INTERRUPT;
errno = EINTR;
return -1;
}
if (usecs != ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT) {
me->state = _ST_ST_SLEEPING;
_ST_ADD_SLEEPQ(me, usecs);
} else
me->state = _ST_ST_SUSPENDED;
_ST_SWITCH_CONTEXT(me);
if (me->flags & _ST_FL_INTERRUPT) {
me->flags &= ~_ST_FL_INTERRUPT;
errno = EINTR;
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int st_sleep(int secs)
{
return st_usleep((secs >= 0) ? secs * (st_utime_t) 1000000LL :
ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT);
}
/*****************************************
* Condition variable functions
*/
_st_cond_t *st_cond_new(void)
{
_st_cond_t *cvar;
cvar = (_st_cond_t *) calloc(1, sizeof(_st_cond_t));
if (cvar) {
ST_INIT_CLIST(&cvar->wait_q);
}
return cvar;
}
int st_cond_destroy(_st_cond_t *cvar)
{
if (cvar->wait_q.next != &cvar->wait_q) {
errno = EBUSY;
return -1;
}
free(cvar);
return 0;
}
int st_cond_timedwait(_st_cond_t *cvar, st_utime_t timeout)
{
_st_thread_t *me = _ST_CURRENT_THREAD();
int rv;
if (me->flags & _ST_FL_INTERRUPT) {
me->flags &= ~_ST_FL_INTERRUPT;
errno = EINTR;
return -1;
}
/* Put caller thread on the condition variable's wait queue */
me->state = _ST_ST_COND_WAIT;
ST_APPEND_LINK(&me->wait_links, &cvar->wait_q);
if (timeout != ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT)
_ST_ADD_SLEEPQ(me, timeout);
_ST_SWITCH_CONTEXT(me);
ST_REMOVE_LINK(&me->wait_links);
rv = 0;
if (me->flags & _ST_FL_TIMEDOUT) {
me->flags &= ~_ST_FL_TIMEDOUT;
errno = ETIME;
rv = -1;
}
if (me->flags & _ST_FL_INTERRUPT) {
me->flags &= ~_ST_FL_INTERRUPT;
errno = EINTR;
rv = -1;
}
return rv;
}
int st_cond_wait(_st_cond_t *cvar)
{
return st_cond_timedwait(cvar, ST_UTIME_NO_TIMEOUT);
}
static int _st_cond_signal(_st_cond_t *cvar, int broadcast)
{
_st_thread_t *thread;
_st_clist_t *q;
for (q = cvar->wait_q.next; q != &cvar->wait_q; q = q->next) {
thread = _ST_THREAD_WAITQ_PTR(q);
if (thread->state == _ST_ST_COND_WAIT) {
if (thread->flags & _ST_FL_ON_SLEEPQ)
_ST_DEL_SLEEPQ(thread);
/* Make thread runnable */
thread->state = _ST_ST_RUNNABLE;
_ST_ADD_RUNQ(thread);
if (!broadcast)
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
int st_cond_signal(_st_cond_t *cvar)
{
return _st_cond_signal(cvar, 0);
}
int st_cond_broadcast(_st_cond_t *cvar)
{
return _st_cond_signal(cvar, 1);
}
/*****************************************
* Mutex functions
*/
_st_mutex_t *st_mutex_new(void)
{
_st_mutex_t *lock;
lock = (_st_mutex_t *) calloc(1, sizeof(_st_mutex_t));
if (lock) {
ST_INIT_CLIST(&lock->wait_q);
lock->owner = NULL;
}
return lock;
}
int st_mutex_destroy(_st_mutex_t *lock)
{
if (lock->owner != NULL || lock->wait_q.next != &lock->wait_q) {
errno = EBUSY;
return -1;
}
free(lock);
return 0;
}
int st_mutex_lock(_st_mutex_t *lock)
{
_st_thread_t *me = _ST_CURRENT_THREAD();
if (me->flags & _ST_FL_INTERRUPT) {
me->flags &= ~_ST_FL_INTERRUPT;
errno = EINTR;
return -1;
}
if (lock->owner == NULL) {
/* Got the mutex */
lock->owner = me;
return 0;
}
if (lock->owner == me) {
errno = EDEADLK;
return -1;
}
/* Put caller thread on the mutex's wait queue */
me->state = _ST_ST_LOCK_WAIT;
ST_APPEND_LINK(&me->wait_links, &lock->wait_q);
_ST_SWITCH_CONTEXT(me);
ST_REMOVE_LINK(&me->wait_links);
if ((me->flags & _ST_FL_INTERRUPT) && lock->owner != me) {
me->flags &= ~_ST_FL_INTERRUPT;
errno = EINTR;
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int st_mutex_unlock(_st_mutex_t *lock)
{
_st_thread_t *thread;
_st_clist_t *q;
if (lock->owner != _ST_CURRENT_THREAD()) {
errno = EPERM;
return -1;
}
for (q = lock->wait_q.next; q != &lock->wait_q; q = q->next) {
thread = _ST_THREAD_WAITQ_PTR(q);
if (thread->state == _ST_ST_LOCK_WAIT) {
lock->owner = thread;
/* Make thread runnable */
thread->state = _ST_ST_RUNNABLE;
_ST_ADD_RUNQ(thread);
return 0;
}
}
/* No threads waiting on this mutex */
lock->owner = NULL;
return 0;
}
int st_mutex_trylock(_st_mutex_t *lock)
{
if (lock->owner != NULL) {
errno = EBUSY;
return -1;
}
/* Got the mutex */
lock->owner = _ST_CURRENT_THREAD();
return 0;
}