diff --git a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_caster_flv.cpp b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_caster_flv.cpp
index 6e77ba07d..ac78c0dbc 100644
--- a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_caster_flv.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_caster_flv.cpp
@@ -268,19 +268,8 @@ int SrsDynamicHttpConn::connect()
     // parse uri
     if (!req) {
         req = new SrsRequest();
-        
-        size_t pos = string::npos;
-        string uri = req->tcUrl = output;
-        
-        // tcUrl, stream
-        if ((pos = uri.rfind("/")) != string::npos) {
-            req->stream = uri.substr(pos + 1);
-            req->tcUrl = uri = uri.substr(0, pos);
-        }
-        
-        srs_discovery_tc_url(req->tcUrl,
-                             req->schema, req->host, req->vhost, req->app, req->port,
-                             req->param);
+        srs_parse_rtmp_url(output, req->tcUrl, req->stream);
+        srs_discovery_tc_url(req->tcUrl, req->schema, req->host, req->vhost, req->app, req->port, req->param);
     }
     
     // connect host.
diff --git a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_dvr.cpp b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_dvr.cpp
index 3b0971af8..a15974098 100644
--- a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_dvr.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_dvr.cpp
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ int SrsFlvSegment::open(bool use_tmp_file)
     bool fresh_flv_file = !srs_path_exists(path);
     
     // create dir first.
-    std::string dir = path.substr(0, path.rfind("/"));
+    std::string dir = srs_path_dirname(path);
     if ((ret = srs_create_dir_recursively(dir)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
         srs_error("create dir=%s failed. ret=%d", dir.c_str(), ret);
         return ret;
diff --git a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_http_conn.cpp b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_http_conn.cpp
index a64a953ab..1023ed0c1 100644
--- a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_http_conn.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_http_conn.cpp
@@ -572,12 +572,7 @@ int SrsHttpMessage::update(string url, bool allow_jsonp, http_parser* header, Sr
     }
     
     // parse ext.
-    _ext = _uri->get_path();
-    if ((pos = _ext.rfind(".")) != string::npos) {
-        _ext = _ext.substr(pos);
-    } else {
-        _ext = "";
-    }
+    _ext = srs_path_filext(_uri->get_path());
     
     // parse jsonp request message.
     if (allow_jsonp) {
@@ -816,23 +811,23 @@ SrsRequest* SrsHttpMessage::to_request(string vhost)
 {
     SrsRequest* req = new SrsRequest();
     
-    req->app = _uri->get_path();
-    size_t pos = string::npos;
-    if ((pos = req->app.rfind("/")) != string::npos) {
-        req->stream = req->app.substr(pos + 1);
-        req->app = req->app.substr(0, pos);
-    }
-    if ((pos = req->stream.rfind(".")) != string::npos) {
-        req->stream = req->stream.substr(0, pos);
-    }
+    // http path, for instance, /live/livestream.flv, parse to
+    //      app: /live
+    //      stream: livestream.flv
+    srs_parse_rtmp_url(_uri->get_path(), req->app, req->stream);
     
-    req->tcUrl = "rtmp://" + vhost + req->app;
+    // trim the start slash, for instance, /live to live
+    req->app = srs_string_trim_start(req->app, "/");
+    
+    // remove the extension, for instance, livestream.flv to livestream
+    req->stream = srs_path_filename(req->stream);
+    
+    // generate others.
+    req->tcUrl = "rtmp://" + vhost + "/" + req->app;
     req->pageUrl = get_request_header("Referer");
     req->objectEncoding = 0;
     
-    srs_discovery_tc_url(req->tcUrl,
-                         req->schema, req->host, req->vhost, req->app, req->port,
-                         req->param);
+    srs_discovery_tc_url(req->tcUrl, req->schema, req->host, req->vhost, req->app, req->port, req->param);
     req->strip();
     
     return req;
diff --git a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_http_static.cpp b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_http_static.cpp
index 18a3869a8..6304d864e 100644
--- a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_http_static.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_http_static.cpp
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ int SrsHttpStaticServer::initialize()
         mount = srs_string_replace(mount, SRS_CONSTS_RTMP_DEFAULT_VHOST"/", "/");
         
         // the dir mount must always ends with "/"
-        if (mount != "/" && mount.rfind("/") != mount.length() - 1) {
+        if (mount != "/" && !srs_string_ends_with(mount, "/")) {
             mount += "/";
         }
         
diff --git a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_http_stream.cpp b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_http_stream.cpp
index 204e9eb62..3f3c4f7f1 100644
--- a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_http_stream.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_http_stream.cpp
@@ -611,11 +611,7 @@ SrsLiveEntry::SrsLiveEntry(std::string m, bool h)
     req = NULL;
     source = NULL;
     
-    std::string ext;
-    size_t pos = string::npos;
-    if ((pos = m.rfind(".")) != string::npos) {
-        ext = m.substr(pos);
-    }
+    std::string ext = srs_path_filext(m);
     _is_flv = (ext == ".flv");
     _is_ts = (ext == ".ts");
     _is_mp3 = (ext == ".mp3");
@@ -1319,10 +1315,7 @@ string SrsHttpStreamServer::hls_mount_generate(SrsRequest* r, string uri, string
     std::string mount = tmpl;
     
     // the ts is relative from the m3u8, the same start dir.
-    size_t pos = string::npos;
-    if ((pos = mount.rfind("/")) != string::npos) {
-        mount = mount.substr(0, pos);
-    }
+    mount = srs_path_dirname(mount);
     
     // replace the vhost variable
     mount = srs_string_replace(mount, "[vhost]", r->vhost);
diff --git a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_ingest.cpp b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_ingest.cpp
index fab6647cf..512aa7132 100644
--- a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_ingest.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_ingest.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ using namespace std;
 #include <srs_app_pithy_print.hpp>
 #include <srs_kernel_utility.hpp>
 #include <srs_app_utility.hpp>
+#include <srs_protocol_utility.hpp>
 
 // when error, ingester sleep for a while and retry.
 // ingest never sleep a long time, for we must start the stream ASAP.
@@ -354,17 +355,9 @@ int SrsIngester::initialize_ffmpeg(SrsFFMPEG* ffmpeg, SrsConfDirective* vhost, S
     }
     
     // find the app and stream in rtmp url
-    std::string url = output;
     std::string app, stream;
-    size_t pos = std::string::npos;
-    if ((pos = url.rfind("/")) != std::string::npos) {
-        stream = url.substr(pos + 1);
-        url = url.substr(0, pos);
-    }
-    if ((pos = url.rfind("/")) != std::string::npos) {
-        app = url.substr(pos + 1);
-        url = url.substr(0, pos);
-    }
+    srs_parse_rtmp_url(output, app, stream);
+    size_t pos;
     if ((pos = app.rfind("?")) != std::string::npos) {
         app = app.substr(0, pos);
     }
diff --git a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_mpegts_udp.cpp b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_mpegts_udp.cpp
index 313279b11..efb4e5bcd 100644
--- a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_mpegts_udp.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_mpegts_udp.cpp
@@ -611,19 +611,8 @@ int SrsMpegtsOverUdp::connect()
     // parse uri
     if (!req) {
         req = new SrsRequest();
-
-        size_t pos = string::npos;
-        string uri = req->tcUrl = output;
-
-        // tcUrl, stream
-        if ((pos = uri.rfind("/")) != string::npos) {
-            req->stream = uri.substr(pos + 1);
-            req->tcUrl = uri = uri.substr(0, pos);
-        }
-    
-        srs_discovery_tc_url(req->tcUrl, 
-            req->schema, req->host, req->vhost, req->app, req->port,
-            req->param);
+        srs_parse_rtmp_url(output, req->tcUrl, req->stream);
+        srs_discovery_tc_url(req->tcUrl, req->schema, req->host, req->vhost, req->app, req->port, req->param);
     }
 
     // connect host.
diff --git a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_rtsp.cpp b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_rtsp.cpp
index c0c6b38e1..ca73a659a 100644
--- a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_rtsp.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_rtsp.cpp
@@ -270,10 +270,7 @@ int SrsRtspConn::do_cycle()
             if ((pos = rtsp_tcUrl.rfind(".sdp")) != string::npos) {
                 rtsp_tcUrl = rtsp_tcUrl.substr(0, pos);
             }
-            if ((pos = rtsp_tcUrl.rfind("/")) != string::npos) {
-                rtsp_stream = rtsp_tcUrl.substr(pos + 1);
-                rtsp_tcUrl = rtsp_tcUrl.substr(0, pos);
-            }
+            srs_parse_rtmp_url(rtsp_tcUrl, rtsp_tcUrl, rtsp_stream);
 
             srs_assert(req->sdp);
             video_id = ::atoi(req->sdp->video_stream_id.c_str());
@@ -651,8 +648,6 @@ int SrsRtspConn::connect()
     
     // parse uri
     if (!req) {
-        req = new SrsRequest();
-
         std::string schema, host, vhost, app, port, param;
         srs_discovery_tc_url(rtsp_tcUrl, schema, host, vhost, app, port, param);
 
@@ -660,19 +655,10 @@ int SrsRtspConn::connect()
         std::string output = output_template;
         output = srs_string_replace(output, "[app]", app);
         output = srs_string_replace(output, "[stream]", rtsp_stream);
-
-        size_t pos = string::npos;
-        string uri = req->tcUrl = output;
-
-        // tcUrl, stream
-        if ((pos = uri.rfind("/")) != string::npos) {
-            req->stream = uri.substr(pos + 1);
-            req->tcUrl = uri = uri.substr(0, pos);
-        }
-    
-        srs_discovery_tc_url(req->tcUrl, 
-            req->schema, req->host, req->vhost, req->app, req->port,
-            req->param);
+        
+        req = new SrsRequest();
+        srs_parse_rtmp_url(output, req->tcUrl, req->stream);
+        srs_discovery_tc_url(req->tcUrl, req->schema, req->host, req->vhost, req->app, req->port, req->param);
     }
 
     // connect host.
diff --git a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_st.hpp b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_st.hpp
index ff28c149f..31af7d41f 100644
--- a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_st.hpp
+++ b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_st.hpp
@@ -202,6 +202,17 @@ public:
     virtual int writev(const iovec *iov, int iov_size, ssize_t* nwrite);
 };
 
+/**
+ * the common tcp client, to connect to specified TCP server,
+ * reconnect and close the connection.
+ */
+class SrsTcpClient
+{
+public:
+    SrsTcpClient();
+    virtual ~SrsTcpClient();
+};
+
 // initialize st, requires epoll.
 extern int srs_st_init();
 
diff --git a/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.cpp b/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.cpp
index 550c8d2cd..13f863979 100644
--- a/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.cpp
@@ -464,6 +464,29 @@ string srs_path_basename(string path)
     
     return dirname;
 }
+    
+string srs_path_filename(string path)
+{
+    std::string filename = path;
+    size_t pos = string::npos;
+    
+    if ((pos = filename.rfind(".")) != string::npos) {
+        return filename.substr(0, pos);
+    }
+    
+    return filename;
+}
+    
+string srs_path_filext(string path)
+{
+    size_t pos = string::npos;
+    
+    if ((pos = path.rfind(".")) != string::npos) {
+        return path.substr(pos);
+    }
+    
+    return "";
+}
 
 bool srs_avc_startswith_annexb(SrsBuffer* stream, int* pnb_start_code)
 {
@@ -471,7 +494,7 @@ bool srs_avc_startswith_annexb(SrsBuffer* stream, int* pnb_start_code)
     char* p = bytes;
     
     for (;;) {
-        if (!stream->require(p - bytes + 3)) {
+        if (!stream->require((int)(p - bytes + 3))) {
             return false;
         }
         
diff --git a/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.hpp b/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.hpp
index d2bc344ec..4a5bc5cb4 100644
--- a/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.hpp
+++ b/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.hpp
@@ -96,10 +96,14 @@ extern int srs_create_dir_recursively(std::string dir);
 
 // whether path exists.
 extern bool srs_path_exists(std::string path);
-// get the dirname of path
+// get the dirname of path, for instance, filename("/live/livestream")="/live"
 extern std::string srs_path_dirname(std::string path);
-// get the basename of path
+// get the basename of path, for instance, filename("/live/livestream")="livestream"
 extern std::string srs_path_basename(std::string path);
+// get the filename of path, for instance, filename("livestream.flv")="livestream"
+extern std::string srs_path_filename(std::string path);
+// get the file extension of path, for instance, filext("live.flv")=".flv"
+extern std::string srs_path_filext(std::string path);
 
 /**
 * whether stream starts with the avc NALU in "AnnexB" 
diff --git a/trunk/src/libs/srs_librtmp.cpp b/trunk/src/libs/srs_librtmp.cpp
index d8592d482..e2fa7b9dd 100644
--- a/trunk/src/libs/srs_librtmp.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/libs/srs_librtmp.cpp
@@ -464,16 +464,9 @@ int srs_librtmp_context_parse_uri(Context* context)
 {
     int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
     
-    // parse uri
-    size_t pos = string::npos;
-    string uri = context->url;
-    // tcUrl, stream
-    if ((pos = uri.rfind("/")) != string::npos) {
-        context->stream = uri.substr(pos + 1);
-        context->tcUrl = uri = uri.substr(0, pos);
-    }
-    
     std::string schema;
+    
+    srs_parse_rtmp_url(context->url, context->tcUrl, context->stream);
     srs_discovery_tc_url(context->tcUrl, 
         schema, context->host, context->vhost, context->app, context->port,
         context->param);
diff --git a/trunk/src/protocol/srs_http_stack.cpp b/trunk/src/protocol/srs_http_stack.cpp
index b19c8519b..3c88fc44c 100755
--- a/trunk/src/protocol/srs_http_stack.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/protocol/srs_http_stack.cpp
@@ -377,11 +377,7 @@ int SrsHttpFileServer::serve_file(ISrsHttpResponseWriter* w, ISrsHttpMessage* r,
     }
     
     if (true) {
-        size_t pos;
-        std::string ext = fullpath;
-        if ((pos = ext.rfind(".")) != string::npos) {
-            ext = ext.substr(pos);
-        }
+        std::string ext = srs_path_filext(fullpath);
         
         if (_mime.find(ext) == _mime.end()) {
             w->header()->set_content_type("application/octet-stream");
diff --git a/trunk/src/protocol/srs_protocol_utility.cpp b/trunk/src/protocol/srs_protocol_utility.cpp
index 682f92602..09cfd6b5c 100644
--- a/trunk/src/protocol/srs_protocol_utility.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/protocol/srs_protocol_utility.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ using namespace std;
 void srs_discovery_tc_url(
     string tcUrl, 
     string& schema, string& host, string& vhost, 
-    string& app, int& port, std::string& param
+    string& app, int& port, string& param
 ) {
     size_t pos = std::string::npos;
     std::string url = tcUrl;
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ int srs_rtmp_create_msg(char type, u_int32_t timestamp, char* data, int size, in
     return ret;
 }
 
-std::string srs_generate_stream_url(std::string vhost, std::string app, std::string stream) 
+string srs_generate_stream_url(string vhost, string app, string stream)
 {
     std::string url = "";
     
@@ -244,6 +244,18 @@ std::string srs_generate_stream_url(std::string vhost, std::string app, std::str
     return url;
 }
 
+void srs_parse_rtmp_url(string url, string& tcUrl, string& stream)
+{
+    size_t pos;
+    
+    if ((pos = url.rfind("/")) != string::npos) {
+        stream = url.substr(pos + 1);
+        tcUrl = url.substr(0, pos);
+    } else {
+        tcUrl = url;
+    }
+}
+
 string srs_generate_rtmp_url(string server, int port, string vhost, string app, string stream)
 {
     std::stringstream ss;
diff --git a/trunk/src/protocol/srs_protocol_utility.hpp b/trunk/src/protocol/srs_protocol_utility.hpp
index f3650f0a9..d2ce19068 100644
--- a/trunk/src/protocol/srs_protocol_utility.hpp
+++ b/trunk/src/protocol/srs_protocol_utility.hpp
@@ -101,16 +101,34 @@ extern bool srs_bytes_equals(void* pa, void* pb, int size);
 * @param data the packet bytes. user should never free it.
 * @param ppmsg output the shared ptr message. user should free it.
 */
-extern int srs_rtmp_create_msg(char type, u_int32_t timestamp, char* data, int size, int stream_id, SrsSharedPtrMessage** ppmsg);
+extern int srs_rtmp_create_msg(
+    char type, u_int32_t timestamp, char* data, int size, int stream_id,
+    SrsSharedPtrMessage** ppmsg
+);
 
 // get the stream identify, vhost/app/stream.
-extern std::string srs_generate_stream_url(std::string vhost, std::string app, std::string stream);
+extern std::string srs_generate_stream_url(
+    std::string vhost, std::string app, std::string stream
+);
+
+// parse the rtmp url to tcUrl/stream,
+// for example, rtmp://v.ossrs.net/live/livestream to
+//      tcUrl: rtmp://v.ossrs.net/live
+//      stream: livestream
+extern void srs_parse_rtmp_url(
+    std::string url, std::string& tcUrl, std::string& stream
+);
 
 // genereate the rtmp url, for instance, rtmp://server:port/app...vhost...vhost/stream
-extern std::string srs_generate_rtmp_url(std::string server, int port, std::string vhost, std::string app, std::string stream);
+extern std::string srs_generate_rtmp_url(
+    std::string server, int port, std::string vhost, std::string app, std::string stream
+);
 
 // write large numbers of iovs.
-extern int srs_write_large_iovs(ISrsProtocolReaderWriter* skt, iovec* iovs, int size, ssize_t* pnwrite = NULL);
+extern int srs_write_large_iovs(
+    ISrsProtocolReaderWriter* skt, iovec* iovs, int size,
+    ssize_t* pnwrite = NULL
+);
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/trunk/src/protocol/srs_rtsp_stack.cpp b/trunk/src/protocol/srs_rtsp_stack.cpp
index 772957fee..0987c7d9d 100644
--- a/trunk/src/protocol/srs_rtsp_stack.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/protocol/srs_rtsp_stack.cpp
@@ -988,10 +988,7 @@ int SrsRtspStack::do_recv_message(SrsRtspRequest* req)
     // for setup, parse the stream id from uri.
     if (req->is_setup()) {
         size_t pos = string::npos;
-        std::string stream_id;
-        if ((pos = req->uri.rfind("/")) != string::npos) {
-            stream_id = req->uri.substr(pos + 1);
-        }
+        std::string stream_id = srs_path_basename(req->uri);
         if ((pos = stream_id.find("=")) != string::npos) {
             stream_id = stream_id.substr(pos + 1);
         }