diff --git a/DONATIONS.txt b/DONATIONS.txt
index a28d0164b..d4fbc796d 100644
--- a/DONATIONS.txt
+++ b/DONATIONS.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ RMB 10000+
 * [2015-03-03 13:25] 郭强
 
 RMB 1000-9999
-* [2015-xx-xx xx:xx] xxx
+* [2015-04-04 16:19] 蔡汉城
 
 RMB 500-999
 * [2015-xx-xx xx:xx] xxx
diff --git a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_hls.cpp b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_hls.cpp
index 57e77153a..87e208d3f 100644
--- a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_hls.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_hls.cpp
@@ -487,11 +487,7 @@ bool SrsHlsMuxer::is_segment_absolutely_overflow()
 {
     // @see https://github.com/winlinvip/simple-rtmp-server/issues/151#issuecomment-83553950
     srs_assert(current);
-    
-    // use N% deviation, to smoother.
-    double deviation = hls_ts_floor? SRS_HLS_FLOOR_REAP_PERCENT * hls_fragment_deviation : 0.0;
-    
-    return current->duration >= hls_aof_ratio * (hls_fragment + deviation);
+    return current->duration >= hls_aof_ratio * hls_fragment;
 }
 
 int SrsHlsMuxer::update_acodec(SrsCodecAudio ac)
@@ -922,7 +918,7 @@ int SrsHlsCache::write_video(SrsAvcAacCodec* codec, SrsHlsMuxer* muxer, int64_t
     // 2. some gops duration overflow.
     if (sample->frame_type == SrsCodecVideoAVCFrameKeyFrame && muxer->is_segment_overflow()) {
         if (!sample->has_idr) {
-            srs_warn("hls: ts starts without IDR, first nalu=%d", sample->first_nalu_type);
+            srs_warn("hls: ts starts without IDR, first nalu=%d, idr=%d", sample->first_nalu_type, sample->has_idr);
         }
         if ((ret = reap_segment("video", muxer, cache->video->dts)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
             return ret;
diff --git a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_mpegts_udp.cpp b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_mpegts_udp.cpp
index 459959286..94e2488b0 100644
--- a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_mpegts_udp.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_mpegts_udp.cpp
@@ -355,11 +355,14 @@ int SrsMpegtsOverUdp::on_ts_video(SrsTsMessage* msg, SrsStream* avs)
         if ((ret = avc->annexb_demux(avs, &frame, &frame_size)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
             return ret;
         }
-    
-        // ignore invalid frame,
-        //  * atleast 1bytes for SPS to decode the type
-        //  * ignore the auth bytes '09f0'
-        if (frame_size <= 2) {
+        
+        // 5bits, 7.3.1 NAL unit syntax,
+        // H.264-AVC-ISO_IEC_14496-10.pdf, page 44.
+        //  7: SPS, 8: PPS, 5: I Frame, 1: P Frame
+        SrsAvcNaluType nal_unit_type = (SrsAvcNaluType)(frame[0] & 0x1f);
+        
+        // ignore the nalu type sps(7), pps(8), aud(9)
+        if (nal_unit_type == SrsAvcNaluTypeAccessUnitDelimiter) {
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -402,6 +405,7 @@ int SrsMpegtsOverUdp::on_ts_video(SrsTsMessage* msg, SrsStream* avs)
         }
         
         // ibp frame.
+        // TODO: FIXME: we should group all frames to a rtmp/flv message from one ts message.
         srs_info("mpegts: demux avc ibp frame size=%d, dts=%d", ibpframe_size, dts);
         if ((ret = write_h264_ipb_frame(frame, frame_size, dts, pts)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
             return ret;
@@ -458,10 +462,20 @@ int SrsMpegtsOverUdp::write_h264_ipb_frame(char* frame, int frame_size, u_int32_
     if (!h264_sps_pps_sent) {
         return ERROR_H264_DROP_BEFORE_SPS_PPS;
     }
+    
+    // 5bits, 7.3.1 NAL unit syntax,
+    // H.264-AVC-ISO_IEC_14496-10.pdf, page 44.
+    //  7: SPS, 8: PPS, 5: I Frame, 1: P Frame
+    SrsAvcNaluType nal_unit_type = (SrsAvcNaluType)(frame[0] & 0x1f);
+    
+    // for IDR frame, the frame is keyframe.
+    SrsCodecVideoAVCFrame frame_type = SrsCodecVideoAVCFrameInterFrame;
+    if (nal_unit_type == SrsAvcNaluTypeIDR) {
+        frame_type = SrsCodecVideoAVCFrameKeyFrame;
+    }
 
     std::string ibp;
-    int8_t frame_type;
-    if ((ret = avc->mux_ipb_frame(frame, frame_size, dts, pts, ibp, frame_type)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+    if ((ret = avc->mux_ipb_frame(frame, frame_size, ibp)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
         return ret;
     }
     
diff --git a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_rtsp.cpp b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_rtsp.cpp
index 504532ecc..27798392f 100644
--- a/trunk/src/app/srs_app_rtsp.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/app/srs_app_rtsp.cpp
@@ -579,10 +579,20 @@ int SrsRtspConn::write_h264_sps_pps(u_int32_t dts, u_int32_t pts)
 int SrsRtspConn::write_h264_ipb_frame(char* frame, int frame_size, u_int32_t dts, u_int32_t pts) 
 {
     int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
+    
+    // 5bits, 7.3.1 NAL unit syntax,
+    // H.264-AVC-ISO_IEC_14496-10.pdf, page 44.
+    //  7: SPS, 8: PPS, 5: I Frame, 1: P Frame
+    SrsAvcNaluType nal_unit_type = (SrsAvcNaluType)(frame[0] & 0x1f);
+    
+    // for IDR frame, the frame is keyframe.
+    SrsCodecVideoAVCFrame frame_type = SrsCodecVideoAVCFrameInterFrame;
+    if (nal_unit_type == SrsAvcNaluTypeIDR) {
+        frame_type = SrsCodecVideoAVCFrameKeyFrame;
+    }
 
     std::string ibp;
-    int8_t frame_type;
-    if ((ret = avc->mux_ipb_frame(frame, frame_size, dts, pts, ibp, frame_type)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+    if ((ret = avc->mux_ipb_frame(frame, frame_size, ibp)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
         return ret;
     }
     
diff --git a/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_codec.cpp b/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_codec.cpp
index 640b4db1a..906bf46c1 100644
--- a/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_codec.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_codec.cpp
@@ -876,6 +876,13 @@ int SrsAvcAacCodec::avc_demux_sps()
         
         // XX 00 00 03 XX, the 03 byte should be drop.
         if (nb_rbsp > 2 && rbsp[nb_rbsp - 2] == 0 && rbsp[nb_rbsp - 1] == 0 && rbsp[nb_rbsp] == 3) {
+            // read 1byte more.
+            if (stream.empty()) {
+                break;
+            }
+            rbsp[nb_rbsp] = stream.read_1bytes();
+            nb_rbsp++;
+            
             continue;
         }
         
@@ -929,7 +936,7 @@ int SrsAvcAacCodec::avc_demux_sps_rbsp(char* rbsp, int nb_rbsp)
         return ret;
     }
     
-    int64_t seq_parameter_set_id = -1;
+    int32_t seq_parameter_set_id = -1;
     if ((ret = srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(&bs, seq_parameter_set_id)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
         return ret;
     }
@@ -944,7 +951,7 @@ int SrsAvcAacCodec::avc_demux_sps_rbsp(char* rbsp, int nb_rbsp)
         || profile_idc == 44 || profile_idc == 83 || profile_idc == 86 || profile_idc == 118
         || profile_idc == 128
     ) {
-        int64_t chroma_format_idc = -1;
+        int32_t chroma_format_idc = -1;
         if ((ret = srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(&bs, chroma_format_idc)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
             return ret;
         }
@@ -955,12 +962,12 @@ int SrsAvcAacCodec::avc_demux_sps_rbsp(char* rbsp, int nb_rbsp)
             }
         }
         
-        int64_t bit_depth_luma_minus8 = -1;
+        int32_t bit_depth_luma_minus8 = -1;
         if ((ret = srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(&bs, bit_depth_luma_minus8)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
             return ret;
         }
         
-        int64_t bit_depth_chroma_minus8 = -1;
+        int32_t bit_depth_chroma_minus8 = -1;
         if ((ret = srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(&bs, bit_depth_chroma_minus8)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
             return ret;
         }
@@ -981,18 +988,18 @@ int SrsAvcAacCodec::avc_demux_sps_rbsp(char* rbsp, int nb_rbsp)
         }
     }
     
-    int64_t log2_max_frame_num_minus4 = -1;
+    int32_t log2_max_frame_num_minus4 = -1;
     if ((ret = srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(&bs, log2_max_frame_num_minus4)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
         return ret;
     }
     
-    int64_t pic_order_cnt_type = -1;
+    int32_t pic_order_cnt_type = -1;
     if ((ret = srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(&bs, pic_order_cnt_type)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
         return ret;
     }
     
     if (pic_order_cnt_type == 0) {
-        int64_t log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4 = -1;
+        int32_t log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4 = -1;
         if ((ret = srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(&bs, log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
             return ret;
         }
@@ -1002,17 +1009,17 @@ int SrsAvcAacCodec::avc_demux_sps_rbsp(char* rbsp, int nb_rbsp)
             return ret;
         }
         
-        int64_t offset_for_non_ref_pic = -1;
+        int32_t offset_for_non_ref_pic = -1;
         if ((ret = srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(&bs, offset_for_non_ref_pic)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
             return ret;
         }
         
-        int64_t offset_for_top_to_bottom_field = -1;
+        int32_t offset_for_top_to_bottom_field = -1;
         if ((ret = srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(&bs, offset_for_top_to_bottom_field)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
             return ret;
         }
         
-        int64_t num_ref_frames_in_pic_order_cnt_cycle = -1;
+        int32_t num_ref_frames_in_pic_order_cnt_cycle = -1;
         if ((ret = srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(&bs, num_ref_frames_in_pic_order_cnt_cycle)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
             return ret;
         }
@@ -1023,7 +1030,7 @@ int SrsAvcAacCodec::avc_demux_sps_rbsp(char* rbsp, int nb_rbsp)
         }
     }
     
-    int64_t max_num_ref_frames = -1;
+    int32_t max_num_ref_frames = -1;
     if ((ret = srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(&bs, max_num_ref_frames)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
         return ret;
     }
@@ -1033,12 +1040,12 @@ int SrsAvcAacCodec::avc_demux_sps_rbsp(char* rbsp, int nb_rbsp)
         return ret;
     }
     
-    int64_t pic_width_in_mbs_minus1 = -1;
+    int32_t pic_width_in_mbs_minus1 = -1;
     if ((ret = srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(&bs, pic_width_in_mbs_minus1)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
         return ret;
     }
     
-    int64_t pic_height_in_map_units_minus1 = -1;
+    int32_t pic_height_in_map_units_minus1 = -1;
     if ((ret = srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(&bs, pic_height_in_map_units_minus1)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
         return ret;
     }
diff --git a/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.cpp b/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.cpp
index 6e1a50b90..32598a13f 100644
--- a/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ using namespace std;
 // @see SRS_SYS_TIME_RESOLUTION_MS_TIMES
 #define SYS_TIME_RESOLUTION_US 300*1000
 
-int srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(SrsBitStream* stream, int64_t& v)
+int srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(SrsBitStream* stream, int32_t& v)
 {
     int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
     
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ int srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(SrsBitStream* stream, int64_t& v)
         b = stream->read_bit();
     }
     
-    if (leadingZeroBits >= 64) {
+    if (leadingZeroBits >= 31) {
         return ERROR_AVC_NALU_UEV;
     }
     
     v = (1 << leadingZeroBits) - 1;
     for (int i = 0; i < leadingZeroBits; i++) {
-        int64_t b = stream->read_bit();
+        int32_t b = stream->read_bit();
         v += b << (leadingZeroBits - 1);
     }
     
diff --git a/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.hpp b/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.hpp
index a23474afa..9f333ef94 100644
--- a/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.hpp
+++ b/trunk/src/kernel/srs_kernel_utility.hpp
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class SrsBitStream;
 #define srs_max(a, b) (((a) < (b))? (b) : (a))
 
 // read nalu uev.
-extern int srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(SrsBitStream* stream, int64_t& v);
+extern int srs_avc_nalu_read_uev(SrsBitStream* stream, int32_t& v);
 extern int srs_avc_nalu_read_bit(SrsBitStream* stream, int8_t& v);
 
 // get current system time in ms, use cache to avoid performance problem
diff --git a/trunk/src/libs/srs_librtmp.cpp b/trunk/src/libs/srs_librtmp.cpp
index 84f61fc6f..b2c623718 100644
--- a/trunk/src/libs/srs_librtmp.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/libs/srs_librtmp.cpp
@@ -1243,10 +1243,20 @@ int srs_write_h264_ipb_frame(Context* context,
     if (!context->h264_sps_pps_sent) {
         return ERROR_H264_DROP_BEFORE_SPS_PPS;
     }
-
+    
+    // 5bits, 7.3.1 NAL unit syntax,
+    // H.264-AVC-ISO_IEC_14496-10.pdf, page 44.
+    //  7: SPS, 8: PPS, 5: I Frame, 1: P Frame
+    SrsAvcNaluType nal_unit_type = (SrsAvcNaluType)(frame[0] & 0x1f);
+    
+    // for IDR frame, the frame is keyframe.
+    SrsCodecVideoAVCFrame frame_type = SrsCodecVideoAVCFrameInterFrame;
+    if (nal_unit_type == SrsAvcNaluTypeIDR) {
+        frame_type = SrsCodecVideoAVCFrameKeyFrame;
+    }
+    
     std::string ibp;
-    int8_t frame_type;
-    if ((ret = context->avc_raw.mux_ipb_frame(frame, frame_size, dts, pts, ibp, frame_type)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+    if ((ret = context->avc_raw.mux_ipb_frame(frame, frame_size, ibp)) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
         return ret;
     }
     
diff --git a/trunk/src/protocol/srs_raw_avc.cpp b/trunk/src/protocol/srs_raw_avc.cpp
index d3efced03..4e95db40f 100644
--- a/trunk/src/protocol/srs_raw_avc.cpp
+++ b/trunk/src/protocol/srs_raw_avc.cpp
@@ -226,15 +226,10 @@ int SrsRawH264Stream::mux_sequence_header(string sps, string pps, u_int32_t dts,
     return ret;
 }
 
-int SrsRawH264Stream::mux_ipb_frame(char* frame, int nb_frame, u_int32_t dts, u_int32_t pts, string& ibp, int8_t& frame_type)
+int SrsRawH264Stream::mux_ipb_frame(char* frame, int nb_frame, string& ibp)
 {
     int ret = ERROR_SUCCESS;
     
-    // 5bits, 7.3.1 NAL unit syntax, 
-    // H.264-AVC-ISO_IEC_14496-10.pdf, page 44.
-    //  7: SPS, 8: PPS, 5: I Frame, 1: P Frame
-    u_int8_t nal_unit_type = (char)frame[0] & 0x1f;
-    
     // 4bytes size of nalu:
     //      NALUnitLength
     // Nbytes of nalu.
@@ -260,12 +255,6 @@ int SrsRawH264Stream::mux_ipb_frame(char* frame, int nb_frame, u_int32_t dts, u_
     // NALUnit
     stream.write_bytes(frame, nb_frame);
 
-    // send out h264 packet.
-    frame_type = SrsCodecVideoAVCFrameInterFrame;
-    if (nal_unit_type != 1) {
-        frame_type = SrsCodecVideoAVCFrameKeyFrame;
-    }
-
     ibp = "";
     ibp.append(packet, nb_packet);
 
@@ -281,7 +270,7 @@ int SrsRawH264Stream::mux_avc2flv(string video, int8_t frame_type, int8_t avc_pa
     //      1bytes, AVCPacketType
     //      3bytes, CompositionTime, the cts.
     // @see: E.4.3 Video Tags, video_file_format_spec_v10_1.pdf, page 78
-    int size = video.length() + 5;
+    int size = (int)video.length() + 5;
     char* data = new char[size];
     char* p = data;
     
diff --git a/trunk/src/protocol/srs_raw_avc.hpp b/trunk/src/protocol/srs_raw_avc.hpp
index 0dc05dc6f..f12633869 100644
--- a/trunk/src/protocol/srs_raw_avc.hpp
+++ b/trunk/src/protocol/srs_raw_avc.hpp
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public:
     * @param ibp output the packet.
     * @param frame_type output the frame type.
     */
-    virtual int mux_ipb_frame(char* frame, int nb_frame, u_int32_t dts, u_int32_t pts, std::string& ibp, int8_t& frame_type);
+    virtual int mux_ipb_frame(char* frame, int nb_frame, std::string& ibp);
     /**
     * mux the avc video packet to flv video packet.
     * @param frame_type, SrsCodecVideoAVCFrameKeyFrame or SrsCodecVideoAVCFrameInterFrame.