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[Tolk] Rewrite the type system from Hindley-Milner to static typing

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FunC's (and Tolk's before this PR) type system is based on Hindley-Milner.
This is a common approach for functional languages, where
types are inferred from usage through unification.
As a result, type declarations are not necessary:
() f(a,b) { return a+b; } // a and b now int, since `+` (int, int)

While this approach works for now, problems arise with the introduction
of new types like bool, where `!x` must handle both int and bool.
It will also become incompatible with int32 and other strict integers.
This will clash with structure methods, struggle with proper generics,
and become entirely impractical for union types.

This PR completely rewrites the type system targeting the future.
1) type of any expression is inferred and never changed
2) this is available because dependent expressions already inferred
3) forall completely removed, generic functions introduced
   (they work like template functions actually, instantiated while inferring)
4) instantiation `<...>` syntax, example: `t.tupleAt<int>(0)`
5) `as` keyword, for example `t.tupleAt(0) as int`
6) methods binding is done along with type inferring, not before
   ("before", as worked previously, was always a wrong approach)
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2024-12-30 22:31:27 +07:00
parent 3540424aa1
commit 799e2d1265
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GPG key ID: 7905DD7FE0324B12
101 changed files with 5402 additions and 2713 deletions
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81
tolk/pipe-calc-rvalue-lvalue.cpp
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@ -74,12 +74,12 @@ class CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBody {
parent::visit(v);
}
void visit(V<ast_tensor_square> v) override {
void visit(V<ast_typed_tuple> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
parent::visit(v);
}
void visit(V<ast_identifier> v) override {
void visit(V<ast_reference> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
}
@ -99,10 +99,6 @@ class CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBody {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
}
void visit(V<ast_self_keyword> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
}
void visit(V<ast_argument> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
MarkingState saved = enter_state(v->passed_as_mutate ? MarkingState::LValueAndRValue : MarkingState::RValue);
@ -115,6 +111,13 @@ class CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBody {
parent::visit(v);
}
void visit(V<ast_dot_access> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
MarkingState saved = enter_state(MarkingState::RValue);
parent::visit(v->get_obj());
restore_state(saved);
}
void visit(V<ast_function_call> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
MarkingState saved = enter_state(MarkingState::RValue);
@ -122,15 +125,6 @@ class CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBody {
restore_state(saved);
}
void visit(V<ast_dot_method_call> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
MarkingState saved = enter_state(MarkingState::RValue);
parent::visit(v->get_obj());
enter_state(MarkingState::RValue);
parent::visit(v->get_arg_list());
restore_state(saved);
}
void visit(V<ast_underscore> v) override {
// underscore is a placeholder to ignore left side of assignment: `(a, _) = get2params()`
// so, if current state is "lvalue", `_` will be marked as lvalue, and ok
@ -139,6 +133,24 @@ class CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBody {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
}
void visit(V<ast_assign> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
MarkingState saved = enter_state(MarkingState::LValue);
parent::visit(v->get_lhs());
enter_state(MarkingState::RValue);
parent::visit(v->get_rhs());
restore_state(saved);
}
void visit(V<ast_set_assign> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
MarkingState saved = enter_state(MarkingState::LValueAndRValue);
parent::visit(v->get_lhs());
enter_state(MarkingState::RValue);
parent::visit(v->get_rhs());
restore_state(saved);
}
void visit(V<ast_unary_operator> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
MarkingState saved = enter_state(MarkingState::RValue);
@ -148,10 +160,8 @@ class CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBody {
void visit(V<ast_binary_operator> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
MarkingState saved = enter_state(v->is_set_assign() ? MarkingState::LValueAndRValue : v->is_assign() ? MarkingState::LValue : MarkingState::RValue);
parent::visit(v->get_lhs());
enter_state(MarkingState::RValue);
parent::visit(v->get_rhs());
MarkingState saved = enter_state(MarkingState::RValue);
parent::visit(v);
restore_state(saved);
}
@ -162,15 +172,18 @@ class CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBody {
restore_state(saved);
}
void visit(V<ast_local_vars_declaration> v) override {
MarkingState saved = enter_state(MarkingState::LValue);
parent::visit(v->get_lhs());
enter_state(MarkingState::RValue);
parent::visit(v->get_assigned_val());
restore_state(saved);
void visit(V<ast_cast_as_operator> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
parent::visit(v->get_expr()); // leave lvalue state unchanged, for `mutate (t.0 as int)` both `t.0 as int` and `t.0` are lvalue
}
void visit(V<ast_local_var> v) override {
void visit(V<ast_local_var_lhs> v) override {
tolk_assert(cur_state == MarkingState::LValue);
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
parent::visit(v);
}
void visit(V<ast_local_vars_declaration> v) override {
tolk_assert(cur_state == MarkingState::LValue);
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
parent::visit(v);
@ -183,10 +196,22 @@ class CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBody {
restore_state(saved);
parent::visit(v->get_catch_body());
}
public:
bool should_visit_function(const FunctionData* fun_ref) override {
return fun_ref->is_code_function() && !fun_ref->is_generic_function();
}
};
void pipeline_calculate_rvalue_lvalue(const AllSrcFiles& all_src_files) {
visit_ast_of_all_functions<CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor>(all_src_files);
void pipeline_calculate_rvalue_lvalue() {
visit_ast_of_all_functions<CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor>();
}
void pipeline_calculate_rvalue_lvalue(const FunctionData* fun_ref) {
CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor visitor;
if (visitor.should_visit_function(fun_ref)) {
visitor.start_visiting_function(fun_ref, fun_ref->ast_root->as<ast_function_declaration>());
}
}
} // namespace tolk