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[Tolk] Rewrite the type system from Hindley-Milner to static typing

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FunC's (and Tolk's before this PR) type system is based on Hindley-Milner.
This is a common approach for functional languages, where
types are inferred from usage through unification.
As a result, type declarations are not necessary:
() f(a,b) { return a+b; } // a and b now int, since `+` (int, int)

While this approach works for now, problems arise with the introduction
of new types like bool, where `!x` must handle both int and bool.
It will also become incompatible with int32 and other strict integers.
This will clash with structure methods, struggle with proper generics,
and become entirely impractical for union types.

This PR completely rewrites the type system targeting the future.
1) type of any expression is inferred and never changed
2) this is available because dependent expressions already inferred
3) forall completely removed, generic functions introduced
   (they work like template functions actually, instantiated while inferring)
4) instantiation `<...>` syntax, example: `t.tupleAt<int>(0)`
5) `as` keyword, for example `t.tupleAt(0) as int`
6) methods binding is done along with type inferring, not before
   ("before", as worked previously, was always a wrong approach)
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2024-12-30 22:31:27 +07:00
parent 3540424aa1
commit 799e2d1265
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GPG key ID: 7905DD7FE0324B12
101 changed files with 5402 additions and 2713 deletions
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70
tolk/pipe-refine-lvalue-for-mutate.cpp
View file

@ -34,8 +34,8 @@
namespace tolk {
GNU_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN GNU_ATTRIBUTE_COLD
static void fire_error_invalid_mutate_arg_passed(AnyV v, const FunctionData* fun_ref, const LocalVarData& p_sym, bool called_as_method, bool arg_passed_as_mutate, AnyV arg_expr) {
std::string arg_str(arg_expr->type == ast_identifier ? arg_expr->as<ast_identifier>()->name : "obj");
static void fire_error_invalid_mutate_arg_passed(AnyExprV v, const FunctionData* fun_ref, const LocalVarData& p_sym, bool called_as_method, bool arg_passed_as_mutate, AnyV arg_expr) {
std::string arg_str(arg_expr->type == ast_reference ? arg_expr->as<ast_reference>()->get_name() : "obj");
// case: `loadInt(cs, 32)`; suggest: `cs.loadInt(32)`
if (p_sym.is_mutate_parameter() && !arg_passed_as_mutate && !called_as_method && p_sym.idx == 0 && fun_ref->does_accept_self()) {
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ static void fire_error_invalid_mutate_arg_passed(AnyV v, const FunctionData* fun
class RefineLvalueForMutateArgumentsVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBody {
void visit(V<ast_function_call> v) override {
// most likely it's a global function, but also may be `some_var(args)` or even `getF()(args)`
// v is `globalF(args)` / `globalF<int>(args)` / `obj.method(args)` / `local_var(args)` / `getF()(args)`
const FunctionData* fun_ref = v->fun_maybe;
if (!fun_ref) {
parent::visit(v);
@ -72,47 +72,55 @@ class RefineLvalueForMutateArgumentsVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBod
return;
}
tolk_assert(static_cast<int>(fun_ref->parameters.size()) == v->get_num_args());
int delta_self = v->is_dot_call();
tolk_assert(fun_ref->get_num_params() == delta_self + v->get_num_args());
if (v->is_dot_call()) {
if (fun_ref->does_mutate_self()) {
// for `b.storeInt()`, `b` should become lvalue, since `storeInt` is a method mutating self
// but: `beginCell().storeInt()`, then `beginCell()` is not lvalue
// (it will be extracted as tmp var when transforming AST to IR)
AnyExprV leftmost_obj = v->get_dot_obj();
while (true) {
if (auto as_par = leftmost_obj->try_as<ast_parenthesized_expression>()) {
leftmost_obj = as_par->get_expr();
} else if (auto as_cast = leftmost_obj->try_as<ast_cast_as_operator>()) {
leftmost_obj = as_cast->get_expr();
} else {
break;
}
}
bool will_be_extracted_as_tmp_var = leftmost_obj->type == ast_function_call;
if (!will_be_extracted_as_tmp_var) {
leftmost_obj->mutate()->assign_lvalue_true();
v->get_dot_obj()->mutate()->assign_lvalue_true();
}
}
if (!fun_ref->does_accept_self() && fun_ref->parameters[0].is_mutate_parameter()) {
fire_error_invalid_mutate_arg_passed(v, fun_ref, fun_ref->parameters[0], true, false, v->get_dot_obj());
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < v->get_num_args(); ++i) {
const LocalVarData& p_sym = fun_ref->parameters[i];
const LocalVarData& p_sym = fun_ref->parameters[delta_self + i];
auto arg_i = v->get_arg(i);
if (p_sym.is_mutate_parameter() != arg_i->passed_as_mutate) {
fire_error_invalid_mutate_arg_passed(arg_i, fun_ref, p_sym, false, arg_i->passed_as_mutate, arg_i->get_expr());
}
parent::visit(arg_i);
}
parent::visit(v->get_callee());
}
void visit(V<ast_dot_method_call> v) override {
parent::visit(v);
const FunctionData* fun_ref = v->fun_ref;
tolk_assert(static_cast<int>(fun_ref->parameters.size()) == 1 + v->get_num_args());
if (fun_ref->does_mutate_self()) {
bool will_be_extracted_as_tmp_var = v->get_obj()->type == ast_function_call || v->get_obj()->type == ast_dot_method_call;
if (!will_be_extracted_as_tmp_var) {
v->get_obj()->mutate()->assign_lvalue_true();
}
}
if (!fun_ref->does_accept_self() && fun_ref->parameters[0].is_mutate_parameter()) {
fire_error_invalid_mutate_arg_passed(v, fun_ref, fun_ref->parameters[0], true, false, v->get_obj());
}
for (int i = 0; i < v->get_num_args(); ++i) {
const LocalVarData& p_sym = fun_ref->parameters[1 + i];
auto arg_i = v->get_arg(i);
if (p_sym.is_mutate_parameter() != arg_i->passed_as_mutate) {
fire_error_invalid_mutate_arg_passed(arg_i, fun_ref, p_sym, false, arg_i->passed_as_mutate, arg_i->get_expr());
}
}
public:
bool should_visit_function(const FunctionData* fun_ref) override {
return fun_ref->is_code_function() && !fun_ref->is_generic_function();
}
};
void pipeline_refine_lvalue_for_mutate_arguments(const AllSrcFiles& all_src_files) {
visit_ast_of_all_functions<RefineLvalueForMutateArgumentsVisitor>(all_src_files);
void pipeline_refine_lvalue_for_mutate_arguments() {
visit_ast_of_all_functions<RefineLvalueForMutateArgumentsVisitor>();
}
} // namespace tolk