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[Tolk] Rewrite the type system from Hindley-Milner to static typing

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FunC's (and Tolk's before this PR) type system is based on Hindley-Milner.
This is a common approach for functional languages, where
types are inferred from usage through unification.
As a result, type declarations are not necessary:
() f(a,b) { return a+b; } // a and b now int, since `+` (int, int)

While this approach works for now, problems arise with the introduction
of new types like bool, where `!x` must handle both int and bool.
It will also become incompatible with int32 and other strict integers.
This will clash with structure methods, struggle with proper generics,
and become entirely impractical for union types.

This PR completely rewrites the type system targeting the future.
1) type of any expression is inferred and never changed
2) this is available because dependent expressions already inferred
3) forall completely removed, generic functions introduced
   (they work like template functions actually, instantiated while inferring)
4) instantiation `<...>` syntax, example: `t.tupleAt<int>(0)`
5) `as` keyword, for example `t.tupleAt(0) as int`
6) methods binding is done along with type inferring, not before
   ("before", as worked previously, was always a wrong approach)
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2024-12-30 22:31:27 +07:00
parent 3540424aa1
commit 799e2d1265
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GPG key ID: 7905DD7FE0324B12
101 changed files with 5402 additions and 2713 deletions
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46
tolk/tolk.h
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@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
#include "platform-utils.h"
#include "src-file.h"
#include "type-expr.h"
#include "symtable.h"
#include "crypto/common/refint.h"
#include "td/utils/Status.h"
@ -35,30 +34,6 @@ namespace tolk {
GNU_ATTRIBUTE_COLD GNU_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN
void on_assertion_failed(const char *description, const char *file_name, int line_number);
/*
*
* TYPE EXPRESSIONS
*
*/
struct UnifyError : std::exception {
TypeExpr* te1;
TypeExpr* te2;
std::string msg;
UnifyError(TypeExpr* _te1, TypeExpr* _te2, std::string _msg = "") : te1(_te1), te2(_te2), msg(std::move(_msg)) {
}
void print_message(std::ostream& os) const;
const char* what() const noexcept override {
return msg.c_str();
}
};
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const UnifyError& ue);
void unify(TypeExpr*& te1, TypeExpr*& te2);
/*
*
* ABSTRACT CODE
@ -69,15 +44,15 @@ typedef int var_idx_t;
typedef int const_idx_t;
struct TmpVar {
TypeExpr* v_type;
TypePtr v_type;
var_idx_t idx;
const LocalVarData* v_sym; // points to var defined in code; nullptr for implicitly created tmp vars
int coord;
SrcLocation where;
std::vector<std::function<void(SrcLocation)>> on_modification;
TmpVar(var_idx_t _idx, TypeExpr* _type, const LocalVarData* v_sym, SrcLocation loc)
: v_type(_type)
TmpVar(var_idx_t _idx, TypePtr type, const LocalVarData* v_sym, SrcLocation loc)
: v_type(type)
, idx(_idx)
, v_sym(v_sym)
, coord(0)
@ -410,13 +385,13 @@ inline ListIterator<const Op> end(const Op* op_list) {
return ListIterator<const Op>{};
}
typedef std::tuple<TypeExpr*, const LocalVarData*, SrcLocation> FormalArg;
typedef std::tuple<TypePtr, const LocalVarData*, SrcLocation> FormalArg;
typedef std::vector<FormalArg> FormalArgList;
struct AsmOpList;
struct FunctionBodyCode {
CodeBlob* code;
CodeBlob* code = nullptr;
void set_code(CodeBlob* code);
};
@ -597,6 +572,7 @@ inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const AsmOp& op) {
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, AsmOp::SReg stack_reg);
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, TypePtr type_data);
struct AsmOpList {
std::vector<AsmOp> list_;
@ -1116,7 +1092,6 @@ struct FunctionBodyAsm {
struct CodeBlob {
int var_cnt, in_var_cnt;
TypeExpr* ret_type;
const FunctionData* fun_ref;
std::string name;
SrcLocation loc;
@ -1128,8 +1103,8 @@ struct CodeBlob {
#endif
std::stack<std::unique_ptr<Op>*> cur_ops_stack;
bool require_callxargs = false;
CodeBlob(std::string name, SrcLocation loc, const FunctionData* fun_ref, TypeExpr* ret_type)
: var_cnt(0), in_var_cnt(0), ret_type(ret_type), fun_ref(fun_ref), name(std::move(name)), loc(loc), cur_ops(&ops) {
CodeBlob(std::string name, SrcLocation loc, const FunctionData* fun_ref)
: var_cnt(0), in_var_cnt(0), fun_ref(fun_ref), name(std::move(name)), loc(loc), cur_ops(&ops) {
}
template <typename... Args>
Op& emplace_back(Args&&... args) {
@ -1141,8 +1116,8 @@ struct CodeBlob {
return res;
}
bool import_params(FormalArgList&& arg_list);
var_idx_t create_var(TypeExpr* var_type, const LocalVarData* v_sym, SrcLocation loc);
var_idx_t create_tmp_var(TypeExpr* var_type, SrcLocation loc) {
var_idx_t create_var(TypePtr var_type, const LocalVarData* v_sym, SrcLocation loc);
var_idx_t create_tmp_var(TypePtr var_type, SrcLocation loc) {
return create_var(var_type, nullptr, loc);
}
int split_vars(bool strict = false);
@ -1164,7 +1139,6 @@ struct CodeBlob {
close_blk(location);
pop_cur();
}
void simplify_var_types();
void prune_unreachable_code();
void fwd_analyze();
void mark_noreturn();