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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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GPG key ID: 7905DD7FE0324B12
62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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20
crypto/smartcont/tolk-stdlib/common.tolk
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@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ fun getMyOriginalBalance(): int
/// `int` — balance in nanotoncoins;
/// `cell` — a dictionary with 32-bit keys representing the balance of "extra currencies".
@pure
fun getMyOriginalBalanceWithExtraCurrencies(): [int, cell]
fun getMyOriginalBalanceWithExtraCurrencies(): [int, cell?]
asm "BALANCE";
/// Returns the logical time of the current transaction.
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ fun getCurrentBlockLogicalTime(): int
/// Returns the value of the global configuration parameter with integer index `i` as a `cell` or `null` value.
@pure
fun getBlockchainConfigParam(x: int): cell
fun getBlockchainConfigParam(x: int): cell?
asm "CONFIGOPTPARAM";
/// Returns the persistent contract storage cell. It can be parsed or modified with slice and builder primitives later.
@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ fun calculateSliceSizeStrict(s: slice, maxCells: int): (int, int, int)
/// otherwise the returned value is one plus the maximum of depths of cells referred to from [c].
/// If [c] is a `null` instead of a cell, returns zero.
@pure
fun getCellDepth(c: cell): int
fun getCellDepth(c: cell?): int
asm "CDEPTH";
/// Returns the depth of `slice` [s].
@ -417,12 +417,12 @@ fun getLastBits(self: slice, len: int): slice
/// Loads a dictionary (TL HashMapE structure, represented as TVM cell) from a slice.
/// Returns `null` if `nothing` constructor is used.
@pure
fun loadDict(mutate self: slice): cell
fun loadDict(mutate self: slice): cell?
asm( -> 1 0) "LDDICT";
/// Preloads a dictionary (cell) from a slice.
@pure
fun preloadDict(self: slice): cell
fun preloadDict(self: slice): cell?
asm "PLDDICT";
/// Loads a dictionary as [loadDict], but returns only the remainder of the slice.
@ -433,12 +433,12 @@ fun skipDict(mutate self: slice): self
/// Loads (Maybe ^Cell) from a slice.
/// In other words, loads 1 bit: if it's true, loads the first ref, otherwise returns `null`.
@pure
fun loadMaybeRef(mutate self: slice): cell
fun loadMaybeRef(mutate self: slice): cell?
asm( -> 1 0) "LDOPTREF";
/// Preloads (Maybe ^Cell) from a slice.
@pure
fun preloadMaybeRef(self: slice): cell
fun preloadMaybeRef(self: slice): cell?
asm "PLDOPTREF";
/// Loads (Maybe ^Cell), but returns only the remainder of the slice.
@ -497,13 +497,13 @@ fun storeBool(mutate self: builder, x: bool): self
/// Stores dictionary (represented by TVM `cell` or `null`) into a builder.
/// In other words, stores a `1`-bit and a reference to [c] if [c] is not `null` and `0`-bit otherwise.
@pure
fun storeDict(mutate self: builder, c: cell): self
fun storeDict(mutate self: builder, c: cell?): self
asm(c self) "STDICT";
/// Stores (Maybe ^Cell) into a builder.
/// In other words, if cell is `null`, store '0' bit; otherwise, store '1' and a ref to [c].
@pure
fun storeMaybeRef(mutate self: builder, c: cell): self
fun storeMaybeRef(mutate self: builder, c: cell?): self
asm(c self) "STOPTREF";
/// Concatenates two builders.
@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ fun reserveToncoinsOnBalance(nanoTonCoins: int, reserveMode: int): void
/// Similar to [reserveToncoinsOnBalance], but also accepts a dictionary extraAmount (represented by a cell or null)
/// with extra currencies. In this way currencies other than Toncoin can be reserved.
fun reserveExtraCurrenciesOnBalance(nanoTonCoins: int, extraAmount: cell, reserveMode: int): void
fun reserveExtraCurrenciesOnBalance(nanoTonCoins: int, extraAmount: cell?, reserveMode: int): void
asm "RAWRESERVEX";