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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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6
tolk/abscode.cpp
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@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ void CodeBlob::print(std::ostream& os, int flags) const {
std::vector<var_idx_t> CodeBlob::create_var(TypePtr var_type, SrcLocation loc, std::string name) {
std::vector<var_idx_t> ir_idx;
int stack_w = var_type->calc_width_on_stack();
int stack_w = var_type->get_width_on_stack();
ir_idx.reserve(stack_w);
if (const TypeDataTensor* t_tensor = var_type->try_as<TypeDataTensor>()) {
for (int i = 0; i < t_tensor->size(); ++i) {
@ -410,6 +410,10 @@ std::vector<var_idx_t> CodeBlob::create_var(TypePtr var_type, SrcLocation loc, s
std::vector<var_idx_t> nested = create_var(t_tensor->items[i], loc, std::move(sub_name));
ir_idx.insert(ir_idx.end(), nested.begin(), nested.end());
}
} else if (const TypeDataNullable* t_nullable = var_type->try_as<TypeDataNullable>(); t_nullable && stack_w != 1) {
std::string null_flag_name = name.empty() ? name : name + ".NNFlag";
ir_idx = create_var(t_nullable->inner, loc, std::move(name));
ir_idx.emplace_back(create_var(TypeDataBool::create(), loc, std::move(null_flag_name))[0]);
} else if (var_type != TypeDataVoid::create()) {
#ifdef TOLK_DEBUG
tolk_assert(stack_w == 1);