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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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8
tolk/ast-replicator.h
View file

@ -121,6 +121,12 @@ protected:
virtual V<ast_cast_as_operator> clone(V<ast_cast_as_operator> v) {
return createV<ast_cast_as_operator>(v->loc, clone(v->get_expr()), clone(v->cast_to_type));
}
virtual V<ast_not_null_operator> clone(V<ast_not_null_operator> v) {
return createV<ast_not_null_operator>(v->loc, clone(v->get_expr()));
}
virtual V<ast_is_null_check> clone(V<ast_is_null_check> v) {
return createV<ast_is_null_check>(v->loc, clone(v->get_expr()), v->is_negated);
}
// statements
@ -200,6 +206,8 @@ protected:
case ast_binary_operator: return clone(v->as<ast_binary_operator>());
case ast_ternary_operator: return clone(v->as<ast_ternary_operator>());
case ast_cast_as_operator: return clone(v->as<ast_cast_as_operator>());
case ast_not_null_operator: return clone(v->as<ast_not_null_operator>());
case ast_is_null_check: return clone(v->as<ast_is_null_check>());
default:
throw UnexpectedASTNodeType(v, "ASTReplicatorFunction::clone");
}