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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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12
tolk/ast-visitor.h
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@ -109,6 +109,8 @@ protected:
virtual void visit(V<ast_binary_operator> v) { return visit_children(v); }
virtual void visit(V<ast_ternary_operator> v) { return visit_children(v); }
virtual void visit(V<ast_cast_as_operator> v) { return visit_children(v); }
virtual void visit(V<ast_not_null_operator> v) { return visit_children(v); }
virtual void visit(V<ast_is_null_check> v) { return visit_children(v); }
// statements
virtual void visit(V<ast_empty_statement> v) { return visit_children(v); }
virtual void visit(V<ast_sequence> v) { return visit_children(v); }
@ -146,6 +148,8 @@ protected:
case ast_binary_operator: return visit(v->as<ast_binary_operator>());
case ast_ternary_operator: return visit(v->as<ast_ternary_operator>());
case ast_cast_as_operator: return visit(v->as<ast_cast_as_operator>());
case ast_not_null_operator: return visit(v->as<ast_not_null_operator>());
case ast_is_null_check: return visit(v->as<ast_is_null_check>());
// statements
case ast_empty_statement: return visit(v->as<ast_empty_statement>());
case ast_sequence: return visit(v->as<ast_sequence>());
@ -167,20 +171,20 @@ protected:
}
public:
virtual bool should_visit_function(const FunctionData* fun_ref) = 0;
virtual bool should_visit_function(FunctionPtr fun_ref) = 0;
virtual void start_visiting_function(const FunctionData* fun_ref, V<ast_function_declaration> v_function) {
virtual void start_visiting_function(FunctionPtr fun_ref, V<ast_function_declaration> v_function) {
visit(v_function->get_body());
}
};
const std::vector<const FunctionData*>& get_all_not_builtin_functions();
const std::vector<FunctionPtr>& get_all_not_builtin_functions();
template<class BodyVisitorT>
void visit_ast_of_all_functions() {
BodyVisitorT visitor;
for (const FunctionData* fun_ref : get_all_not_builtin_functions()) {
for (FunctionPtr fun_ref : get_all_not_builtin_functions()) {
if (visitor.should_visit_function(fun_ref)) {
visitor.start_visiting_function(fun_ref, fun_ref->ast_root->as<ast_function_declaration>());
}