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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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4
tolk/codegen.cpp
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@ -348,9 +348,9 @@ bool Op::generate_code_step(Stack& stack) {
std::vector<VarDescr> args0, res;
int w_arg = 0;
for (const LocalVarData& param : f_sym->parameters) {
w_arg += param.declared_type->calc_width_on_stack();
w_arg += param.declared_type->get_width_on_stack();
}
int w_ret = f_sym->inferred_return_type->calc_width_on_stack();
int w_ret = f_sym->inferred_return_type->get_width_on_stack();
tolk_assert(w_ret >= 0 && w_arg >= 0);
for (int i = 0; i < w_ret; i++) {
res.emplace_back(0);