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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions

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@ -95,10 +95,10 @@ struct CompilerState {
GlobalSymbolTable symtable;
PersistentHeapAllocator persistent_mem;
std::vector<const FunctionData*> all_functions; // all user-defined (not built-in) functions, with generic instantiations
std::vector<const FunctionData*> all_get_methods;
std::vector<const GlobalVarData*> all_global_vars;
std::vector<const GlobalConstData*> all_constants;
std::vector<FunctionPtr> all_functions; // all user-defined (not built-in) functions, with generic instantiations
std::vector<FunctionPtr> all_get_methods;
std::vector<GlobalVarPtr> all_global_vars;
std::vector<GlobalConstPtr> all_constants;
AllRegisteredSrcFiles all_src_files;
bool is_verbosity(int gt_eq) const { return settings.verbosity >= gt_eq; }