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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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16
tolk/pipe-calc-rvalue-lvalue.cpp
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@ -177,6 +177,18 @@ class CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBody {
parent::visit(v->get_expr()); // leave lvalue state unchanged, for `mutate (t.0 as int)` both `t.0 as int` and `t.0` are lvalue
}
void visit(V<ast_not_null_operator> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
parent::visit(v->get_expr()); // leave lvalue state unchanged, for `mutate x!` both `x!` and `x` are lvalue
}
void visit(V<ast_is_null_check> v) override {
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
MarkingState saved = enter_state(MarkingState::RValue);
parent::visit(v->get_expr());
restore_state(saved);
}
void visit(V<ast_local_var_lhs> v) override {
tolk_assert(cur_state == MarkingState::LValue);
mark_vertex_cur_or_rvalue(v);
@ -198,7 +210,7 @@ class CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBody {
}
public:
bool should_visit_function(const FunctionData* fun_ref) override {
bool should_visit_function(FunctionPtr fun_ref) override {
return fun_ref->is_code_function() && !fun_ref->is_generic_function();
}
};
@ -207,7 +219,7 @@ void pipeline_calculate_rvalue_lvalue() {
visit_ast_of_all_functions<CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor>();
}
void pipeline_calculate_rvalue_lvalue(const FunctionData* fun_ref) {
void pipeline_calculate_rvalue_lvalue(FunctionPtr fun_ref) {
CalculateRvalueLvalueVisitor visitor;
if (visitor.should_visit_function(fun_ref)) {
visitor.start_visiting_function(fun_ref, fun_ref->ast_root->as<ast_function_declaration>());