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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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4
tolk/pipe-check-pure-impure.cpp
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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ static void fire_error_impure_operation_inside_pure_function(AnyV v) {
class CheckImpureOperationsInPureFunctionVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBody {
static void fire_if_global_var(AnyExprV v) {
if (auto v_ident = v->try_as<ast_reference>()) {
if (v_ident->sym->try_as<GlobalVarData>()) {
if (v_ident->sym->try_as<GlobalVarPtr>()) {
fire_error_impure_operation_inside_pure_function(v);
}
}
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class CheckImpureOperationsInPureFunctionVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFuncti
}
public:
bool should_visit_function(const FunctionData* fun_ref) override {
bool should_visit_function(FunctionPtr fun_ref) override {
return fun_ref->is_code_function() && !fun_ref->is_generic_function() && fun_ref->is_marked_as_pure();
}
};