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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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6
tolk/pipe-detect-unreachable.cpp
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@ -111,11 +111,11 @@ class UnreachableStatementsDetectVisitor final {
}
public:
static bool should_visit_function(const FunctionData* fun_ref) {
static bool should_visit_function(FunctionPtr fun_ref) {
return fun_ref->is_code_function() && !fun_ref->is_generic_function();
}
void start_visiting_function(const FunctionData* fun_ref, V<ast_function_declaration> v_function) {
void start_visiting_function(FunctionPtr fun_ref, V<ast_function_declaration> v_function) {
bool control_flow_reaches_end = !always_returns(v_function->get_body()->as<ast_sequence>());
if (control_flow_reaches_end) {
fun_ref->mutate()->assign_is_implicit_return();
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ void pipeline_detect_unreachable_statements() {
visit_ast_of_all_functions<UnreachableStatementsDetectVisitor>();
}
void pipeline_detect_unreachable_statements(const FunctionData* fun_ref) {
void pipeline_detect_unreachable_statements(FunctionPtr fun_ref) {
UnreachableStatementsDetectVisitor visitor;
if (UnreachableStatementsDetectVisitor::should_visit_function(fun_ref)) {
visitor.start_visiting_function(fun_ref, fun_ref->ast_root->as<ast_function_declaration>());