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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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GPG key ID: 7905DD7FE0324B12
62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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8
tolk/pipe-refine-lvalue-for-mutate.cpp
View file

@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
namespace tolk {
GNU_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN GNU_ATTRIBUTE_COLD
static void fire_error_invalid_mutate_arg_passed(AnyExprV v, const FunctionData* fun_ref, const LocalVarData& p_sym, bool called_as_method, bool arg_passed_as_mutate, AnyV arg_expr) {
static void fire_error_invalid_mutate_arg_passed(AnyExprV v, FunctionPtr fun_ref, const LocalVarData& p_sym, bool called_as_method, bool arg_passed_as_mutate, AnyV arg_expr) {
std::string arg_str(arg_expr->type == ast_reference ? arg_expr->as<ast_reference>()->get_name() : "obj");
// case: `loadInt(cs, 32)`; suggest: `cs.loadInt(32)`
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ static void fire_error_invalid_mutate_arg_passed(AnyExprV v, const FunctionData*
class RefineLvalueForMutateArgumentsVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBody {
void visit(V<ast_function_call> v) override {
// v is `globalF(args)` / `globalF<int>(args)` / `obj.method(args)` / `local_var(args)` / `getF()(args)`
const FunctionData* fun_ref = v->fun_maybe;
FunctionPtr fun_ref = v->fun_maybe;
if (!fun_ref) {
parent::visit(v);
for (int i = 0; i < v->get_num_args(); ++i) {
@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ class RefineLvalueForMutateArgumentsVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBod
leftmost_obj = as_par->get_expr();
} else if (auto as_cast = leftmost_obj->try_as<ast_cast_as_operator>()) {
leftmost_obj = as_cast->get_expr();
} else if (auto as_nn = leftmost_obj->try_as<ast_not_null_operator>()) {
leftmost_obj = as_nn->get_expr();
} else {
break;
}
@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ class RefineLvalueForMutateArgumentsVisitor final : public ASTVisitorFunctionBod
}
public:
bool should_visit_function(const FunctionData* fun_ref) override {
bool should_visit_function(FunctionPtr fun_ref) override {
return fun_ref->is_code_function() && !fun_ref->is_generic_function();
}
};