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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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GPG key ID: 7905DD7FE0324B12
62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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6
tolk/pipe-register-symbols.cpp
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@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ static void register_function(V<ast_function_declaration> v) {
genericTs = construct_genericTs(v->genericsT_list);
}
if (v->is_builtin_function()) {
const Symbol* builtin_func = lookup_global_symbol(func_name);
const FunctionData* fun_ref = builtin_func ? builtin_func->as<FunctionData>() : nullptr;
const Symbol* sym = lookup_global_symbol(func_name);
FunctionPtr fun_ref = sym ? sym->try_as<FunctionPtr>() : nullptr;
if (!fun_ref || !fun_ref->is_builtin_function()) {
v->error("`builtin` used for non-builtin function");
}
@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ static void register_function(V<ast_function_declaration> v) {
f_sym->method_id = static_cast<int>(v->method_id->to_long());
} else if (v->flags & FunctionData::flagGetMethod) {
f_sym->method_id = calculate_method_id_by_func_name(func_name);
for (const FunctionData* other : G.all_get_methods) {
for (FunctionPtr other : G.all_get_methods) {
if (other->method_id == f_sym->method_id) {
v->error(PSTRING() << "GET methods hash collision: `" << other->name << "` and `" << f_sym->name << "` produce the same hash. Consider renaming one of these functions.");
}