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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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GPG key ID: 7905DD7FE0324B12
62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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6
tolk/symtable.cpp
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@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ static void fire_error_redefinition_of_symbol(SrcLocation loc, const Symbol* pre
throw ParseError(loc, "redefinition of built-in symbol");
}
void GlobalSymbolTable::add_function(const FunctionData* f_sym) {
void GlobalSymbolTable::add_function(FunctionPtr f_sym) {
auto key = key_hash(f_sym->name);
auto [it, inserted] = entries.emplace(key, f_sym);
if (!inserted) {
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ void GlobalSymbolTable::add_function(const FunctionData* f_sym) {
}
}
void GlobalSymbolTable::add_global_var(const GlobalVarData* g_sym) {
void GlobalSymbolTable::add_global_var(GlobalVarPtr g_sym) {
auto key = key_hash(g_sym->name);
auto [it, inserted] = entries.emplace(key, g_sym);
if (!inserted) {
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ void GlobalSymbolTable::add_global_var(const GlobalVarData* g_sym) {
}
}
void GlobalSymbolTable::add_global_const(const GlobalConstData* c_sym) {
void GlobalSymbolTable::add_global_const(GlobalConstPtr c_sym) {
auto key = key_hash(c_sym->name);
auto [it, inserted] = entries.emplace(key, c_sym);
if (!inserted) {