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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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19
tolk/symtable.h
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@ -37,17 +37,12 @@ struct Symbol {
virtual ~Symbol() = default;
template<class T>
const T* as() const {
template<class ConstTPtr>
ConstTPtr try_as() const {
#ifdef TOLK_DEBUG
assert(dynamic_cast<const T*>(this) != nullptr);
assert(this != nullptr);
#endif
return dynamic_cast<const T*>(this);
}
template<class T>
const T* try_as() const {
return dynamic_cast<const T*>(this);
return dynamic_cast<ConstTPtr>(this);
}
};
@ -229,9 +224,9 @@ class GlobalSymbolTable {
}
public:
void add_function(const FunctionData* f_sym);
void add_global_var(const GlobalVarData* g_sym);
void add_global_const(const GlobalConstData* c_sym);
void add_function(FunctionPtr f_sym);
void add_global_var(GlobalVarPtr g_sym);
void add_global_const(GlobalConstPtr c_sym);
const Symbol* lookup(std::string_view name) const {
const auto it = entries.find(key_hash(name));