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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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GPG key ID: 7905DD7FE0324B12
62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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11
tolk-tester/tests/cells-slices.tolk
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@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ fun test1(): [int,int,int,int,int] {
fun test2(): [int,int,int] {
var b: builder = beginCell().myStoreInt(1, 32);
b = b.myStoreInt(2, 32);
b.myStoreInt(3, 32);
// operator ! here and below is used just for testing purposes, it doesn't affect the result
b!.myStoreInt(3, 32);
var cs: slice = b.endCell().beginParse();
var one: int = cs.myLoadInt(32);
@ -43,14 +44,14 @@ fun test2(): [int,int,int] {
@method_id(103)
fun test3(ret: int): int {
val same: int = beginCell().storeUint(ret,32).endCell().beginParse().loadUint(32);
val same: int = beginCell()!.storeUint(ret,32).endCell().beginParse().loadUint(32);
return same;
}
@method_id(104)
fun test4(): [int,int] {
var b: builder = beginCell().myStoreInt(1, 32);
b = b.storeInt(2, 32).storeInt(3, 32);
var b: builder = (beginCell() as builder).myStoreInt(1, 32);
b = b!.storeInt(2, 32)!.storeInt(3, 32);
var cs: slice = b.endCell().beginParse();
var (one, _, three) = (cs.getFirstBits(32).loadUint(32), cs.skipBits(64), cs.load_u32());
@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ fun test10() {
fun test11() {
var s: slice = beginCell().storeInt(1, 32).storeInt(2, 32).storeInt(3, 32).storeInt(4, 32).storeInt(5, 32).storeInt(6, 32).storeInt(7, 32).endCell().beginParse();
var size1 = getRemainingBitsCount(s);
s.skipBits(32);
s!.skipBits(32);
var s1: slice = s.getFirstBits(64);
var n1 = s1.loadInt(32);
var size2 = getRemainingBitsCount(s);