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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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8
tolk-tester/tests/generics-1.tolk
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@ -49,17 +49,17 @@ fun manyEq<T1, T2, T3>(a: T1, b: T2, c: T3): [T1, T2, T3] {
fun test104(f: int) {
var result = (
manyEq(1 ? 1 : 1, f ? 0 : null, !f ? getTwo() as int : null),
manyEq(f ? null as int : eq2(2), beginCell().storeBool(true).endCell().beginParse().loadBool(), eq4(f))
manyEq(f ? null as int? : eq2(2), beginCell().storeBool(true).endCell().beginParse().loadBool(), eq4(f))
);
__expect_type(result, "([int, int, int], [int, bool, int])");
__expect_type(result, "([int, int?, int?], [int?, bool, int])");
return result;
}
fun calcSum<X>(x: X, y: X) { return x + y; }
fun calcSum<X>(x: X, y: X) { return x! + y!; }
@method_id(105)
fun test105() {
if (0) { calcSum(((0)), null); }
if (0) { calcSum(((0 as int?)), null); }
return (calcSum(1, 2));
}