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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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14
tolk-tester/tests/imports/use-dicts.tolk
View file

@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
import "@stdlib/tvm-dicts"
fun prepareDict_3_30_4_40_5_x(valueAt5: int): cell {
var dict: cell = createEmptyDict();
fun prepareDict_3_30_4_40_5_x(valueAt5: int): cell? {
var dict: cell? = createEmptyDict();
dict.iDictSetBuilder(32, 3, beginCell().storeInt(30, 32));
dict.iDictSetBuilder(32, 4, beginCell().storeInt(40, 32));
dict.iDictSetBuilder(32, 5, beginCell().storeInt(valueAt5, 32));
return dict;
}
fun lookupIdxByValue(idict32: cell, value: int): int {
var cur_key = -1;
fun lookupIdxByValue(idict32: cell?, value: int): int {
var cur_key: int? = -1;
do {
var (cur_key redef, cs: slice, found: bool) = idict32.iDictGetNext(32, cur_key);
var (cur_key redef, cs: slice?, found: bool) = idict32.iDictGetNext(32, cur_key!);
// one-line condition (via &) doesn't work, since right side is calculated immediately
if (found) {
if (cs.loadInt(32) == value) {
return cur_key;
if (cs!.loadInt(32) == value) {
return cur_key!;
}
}
} while (found);