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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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GPG key ID: 7905DD7FE0324B12
62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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8
tolk-tester/tests/inference-tests.tolk
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@ -18,10 +18,12 @@ fun test1(x: int, y: int) {
__expect_type(random() ? x : y, "int");
__expect_type(eq(x), "int");
__expect_type(eq<int>(x), "int");
__expect_type(eq<int>(null), "int");
__expect_type(eq<int?>(null), "int?");
__expect_type(x as int, "int");
__expect_type(+x, "int");
__expect_type(~x, "int");
__expect_type(x!, "int");
__expect_type(x!!!, "int");
{
var x: slice = beginCell().endCell().beginParse();
__expect_type(x, "slice");
@ -62,9 +64,9 @@ fun test5(x: int) {
__expect_type([], "[]");
__expect_type([x], "[int]");
__expect_type([x, x >= 1], "[int, bool]");
__expect_type([x, x >= 1, null as slice], "[int, bool, slice]");
__expect_type([x, x >= 1, null as slice?], "[int, bool, slice?]");
__expect_type((x, [x], [[x], x]), "(int, [int], [[int], int])");
__expect_type(getMyOriginalBalanceWithExtraCurrencies(), "[int, cell]");
__expect_type(getMyOriginalBalanceWithExtraCurrencies(), "[int, cell?]");
}
fun test6() {