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[Tolk] Nullable types T? and null safety

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This commit introduces nullable types `T?` that are
distinct from non-nullable `T`.
Example: `int?` (int or null) and `int` are different now.
Previously, `null` could be assigned to any primitive type.
Now, it can be assigned only to `T?`.

A non-null assertion operator `!` was also introduced,
similar to `!` in TypeScript and `!!` in Kotlin.

If `int?` still occupies 1 stack slot, `(int,int)?` and
other nullable tensors occupy N+1 slots, the last for
"null precedence". `v == null` actually compares that slot.
Assigning `(int,int)` to `(int,int)?` implicitly creates
a null presence slot. Assigning `null` to `(int,int)?` widens
this null value to 3 slots. This is called "type transitioning".

All stdlib functions prototypes have been updated to reflect
whether they return/accept a nullable or a strict value.

This commit also contains refactoring from `const FunctionData*`
to `FunctionPtr` and similar.
This commit is contained in:
tolk-vm 2025-02-24 20:13:36 +03:00
parent 1389ff6789
commit f3e620f48c
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62 changed files with 2031 additions and 702 deletions
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9
tolk-tester/tests/logical-operators.tolk
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@ -53,9 +53,8 @@ fun testDict(last: int) {
}
@method_id(105)
fun testNotNull(x: int) {
// return [x == null, null == x, !(x == null), null == null, +(null != null)];
return [x == null, null == x, !(x == null)];
fun testNotNull(x: int?) {
return [x == null, null == x, !(x == null), null == null, (null != null) as int];
}
@method_id(106)
@ -170,8 +169,8 @@ fun main() {
@testcase | 104 | 50 | 3 5 -1
@testcase | 104 | 100 | 3 5 5
@testcase | 104 | 0 | 3 -1 5
@testcase | 105 | 0 | [ 0 0 -1 ]
@testcase | 105 | null | [ -1 -1 0 ]
@testcase | 105 | 0 | [ 0 0 -1 -1 0 ]
@testcase | 105 | null | [ -1 -1 0 -1 0 ]
@testcase | 106 | | [ 0 0 0 -1 ] [ 0 0 0 ] [ -1 -1 -1 ] [ 0 -1 ]
@testcase | 107 | | [ -1 -1 0 -1 ] [ 0 0 0 ] [ -1 -1 -1 ] [ -1 0 ]
@testcase | 108 | 1 2 | -1