shtests: More speedups; also fix xtrace (re: 734e5953)

This reduces a bunch more unnecessarily long sleeps to give
asynchronous processes time to run, etc. (No, we don't need to be
compatible anymore with your cool 1985 Intel 80386DX 16 MHz
battlestation...) Running the test suite is almost tolerable now,
making me much more likely to actually run the regression test
suite and catch my own regressions.

In addition, there are various fixes to make the test suite
compatible with 'set -x' ('set -o xtrace') so that you can now
actually *use* the documented 'bin/shtests -x' option. Recommend
combining with '-p' to avoid tracing everything three times.

I've also added a really useful $PS4 trace prompt to shtests that
traces pretty much everything there is to trace. (It does use
expansions that modify ${.sh.match}, which affected several tests,
particularly in tests/substring.sh; for those we need to set a
temporary simpler $PS4.)

(cherry picked from commit c3a5d47cfe880b526cabb5370ddaced0e8626acd)

src/cmd/ksh93/tests/builtins.sh

@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ do	arg=$1 val=$2 code=$3
 	shift 3
 	for fmt in '%d' '%g'
 	do	out=$(printf "$fmt" "$arg" 2>/dev/null)
-		err=$(printf "$fmt" "$arg" 2>&1 >/dev/null)
+		err=$(set +x; printf "$fmt" "$arg" 2>&1 >/dev/null)
 		printf "$fmt" "$arg" >/dev/null 2>&1
 		ret=$?
 		[[ $out == $val ]] || err_exit "printf $fmt $arg failed -- expected '$val', got '$out'"